http://pubget.com/search?q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Pubget is like Pubmed, except you get the PDFs right away Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399093&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Integrating the expertise and perspectives of adolescents in the process of generating and translating research knowledge into practice is often missed, yet is essential for designing and implementing programs to promote adolescent health. This paper describes the use of the arts-based participatory Visual Voices method in translational research. Visual Voices involves systematic creative writing, drawing, and painting activities to yield culturally relevant information which is generated by and examined with adolescents. Qualitative data products include the created artistic products and transcripts from group discussions of the content developed and presented. Data are analyzed and compared across traditional (e.g., transcripts) and nontraditional (e.g., drawings and paintings) media. Findings are reviewed and interpreted with participants and shared publicly to stimulate community discussions and local policy and practice changes. Visual Voices is a novel method for involving adolescents in translational research though Integrated Knowledge Transfer (IKT), a process for bringing researchers and stakeholders together from the stage of idea generation to implementing evidence-based initiatives. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 72-77. Authors: ["Michael A MA Yonas", "Jessica G JG Burke", "Elizabeth E Miller"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399093&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399081&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: ["Carrie C Printz"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399081&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399092&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Translational science requires that scientists from multiple disciplines work together to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease. Although a literature exists on the design and management of multidisciplinary teams, little has been written on multidisciplinary translational teams (MTTs). MTTs are distinct hybrid entities, with goals taken from both industry and academic models. We identified 30 design factors in 10 domains from a literature survey relevant to our MTT model: specific goals, structures, and processes. These dimensions were adapted to our own institutional environment in the selection and management of 11 MTTs that exploited resources of University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Clinical and Translational Sciences Awards (CTSA). Case illustrations of two specific MTTs illustrate some of the challenges encountered and opportunities realized in terms of education and scientific advances. Network depiction of disciplinarity indicated that CTSA KRs and CTSA leadership contributed to discipline diversity especially in small (or nascent) MTTs. A separate depiction of MTT-KR utilization indicated that data analysis, translational technologies, and novel methods were heavily utilized by MTTs, whereas other KRs contributed significant effort to infrastructure development. We conclude that the CTSA can provide a rich infrastructural framework and scientific environment for the development of successful MTTs. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 60-71. Authors: ["William J WJ Calhoun", "Kevin K Wooten", "Allan R AR Brasier", "6"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399092&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399082&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: ["Margaret G MG McCammon", "Christina M CM Conrad", "Cynthia L CL Bower", "7"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399082&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399095&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399095&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399083&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 A time frame in which newly diagnosed hypertensive patients attain blood pressure (BP) goal would guide patients through uncertainty associated with initiating drug therapy for hypertension control. This study estimates time to BP goal resulting from drug therapy initiation among real-world hypertensive patients and identifies factors associated with variations in time to BP goal. The study uses a historical cohort design. Hypertensive patients who had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, were followed up to 12 months until the end of 2004. Electronic medical records from a medical group were linked with pharmacy claims, as well as with medical claims. Survival analyses were used to compare lengths of time needed to reach BP goals. A total of 223 patients from a real world practice setting had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy. The patients took 3.25 months (95% CI: 2.49-4.82) to reach BP goal. The patient-centric time to BP goal was 7.1 weeks longer than those reported in controlled experimental settings. This finding highlights the gap between results of controlled clinical trials and their application to clinical practice, and informs healthcare practitioners of the importance of setting a patient-centric goal in pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1-6. Authors: ["Song Hee SH Hong", "Junling J Wang", "Sunghee S Tak"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399083&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399086&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 To design and evaluate a research mentor training curriculum for clinical and translational researchers. The resulting 8-hour curriculum was implemented as part of a national mentor training trial. Authors: ["Christine C Pfund", "Stephanie S House", "Michael M Fleming", "10"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399086&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399096&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399096&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399084&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 We describe the experience of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis clinical trial (FSGS CT) in the identification and recruitment of participants into the study. This National Institutes of Health funded study, a multicenter, open-label, randomized comparison of cyclosporine versus oral dexamethasone pulses plus mycophenolate mofetil, experienced difficulty and delays meeting enrollment goals. These problems occurred despite the support of patient advocacy groups and aggressive recruitment strategies. Multiple barriers were identified including: (1) inaccurate estimates of the number of potential incident FSGS patients at participating centers; (2) delays in securing one of the test agents; (3) prolonged time between IRB approval and execution of a subcontract (mean 7.5 ± 0.8 months); (4) prolonged time between IRB approval and enrollment of the first patient at participating sites (mean 19.6 ± 1.4 months); and (5) reorganization of clinical coordinating core infrastructure to align resources with enrollment. A Web-based anonymous survey of site investigators revealed site-related barriers to patient recruitment. The value of a variety of recruitment tools was of marginal utility in facilitating patient enrollment. We conclude that improvements in the logistics of study approval and regulatory start-up and testing of promising novel agents are important factors in promoting enrollment into randomized clinical trials in nephrology. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 13-20. Authors: ["Maria M Ferris", "Victoria V Norwood", "Howard H Trachtman", "18"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399084&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399089&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Steatosis is an increasingly common problem worldwide, accompanying increasing obesity. Recently, it has been suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in development of fatty liver disease. We carried out an epidemiological study to clarify the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative activity in steatosis. Authors: ["Takuya T Imatoh", "Seiichirou S Kamimura", "Shinichi S Tanihara"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399089&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399094&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Although the initiation of sexual behaviors in adolescence is normative, adverse sexual health outcomes disproportionately affect adolescents relative to adults. Efforts to improve sexual health and increase health promotion behaviors in adolescent populations have not been fully successful. In this paper, we propose that translational research that integrates insights from neuroscience, ecological systems theory, and decision science with adolescent sexual behavior research can lead to advances in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. Moreover, these insights can be further translated to the design and implementation of clinical interventions that improve sexual health. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 78-81. Authors: ["Coreen C Farris", "Aletha Y AY Akers", "Erika E EE Forbes", "4"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399094&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399085&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Sepsis biomarker research requires an infrastructure to identify septic patients efficiently and to collect and store specimens properly. We developed a novel infrastructure to study biomarkers of sepsis in children. Authors: ["Justin E JE Juskewitch", "Felicity T FT Enders", "W Charles WC Huskins", "4"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399085&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399088&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Emphasis on translational research to facilitate progression from the laboratory into the community also creates a dynamic in which ethics and social policy questions and solutions are ever pressing. In response, academic institutions are creating Research Ethics Consultation Services (RECS). All Clinical Translational Science Award institutions were surveyed in early 2010 to determine which institutions have a RECS in operation and what is their composition and function. Of the 46 institutions surveyed, 33 (70%) have a RECS. Only 15 RECS have received any consult requests in the last year. Issues that are common among these relatively nascent services include relationships with institutional oversight committees, balancing requestor concerns about confidentiality with research integrity and human subjects protection priorities, tracking consult data and outcomes, and developing systems for internal evaluation. There is variability in how these issues are approached. It will be important to be attentive to the institutional context to develop an appropriate approach. Further data about the issues raised by requestors and the recommendations provided are necessary to build a community of scholars who can navigate and resolve ethical issues encountered along the translational research pathway. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 40-44. Authors: ["Jennifer B JB McCormick", "Richard R RR Sharp", "Benjamin S BS Wilfond", "6"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399088&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399091&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 This paper is a case study of our regional Clinical Translational Science Award's (CTSA) development of a coordinated response to the advanced notice of proposed rulemaking on Human Subjects Research Protections during the fall of 2011. Our CTSA was well positioned to quickly activate and coordinate a response to this important and time sensitive issue because we had established infrastructure and resources both within our CTSA and through our partnering institutions, existing relationships with key individuals in the institutions, and credibility as a trusted source of information. Three town hall meetings were organized and a Website was created to collect online comments. Ultimately, comments were collected, prioritized, and organized into a single, coordinated response. This case study demonstrates the value of a distributed research infrastructure and the role CTSAs like our Institute of Translational Health Sciences can play to engage the regional research community about important developments in the research landscape and to respond to requests for feedback to policy makers. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 57-59. Authors: ["Ann J AJ Melvin", "Kelly K Edwards", "Benjamin S BS Wilfond", "5"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399091&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399087&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The CTSA Community Engagement Consultative Service (CECS) is a national partnership designed to improve community engaged research (CEnR) through expert consultation. This report assesses the feasibility of CECS and presents findings from 2008 to 2009. Authors: ["Lori L Carter-Edwards", "Jennifer L JL Cook", "Milton Mickey MM Eder", "6"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399087&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399090&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The advancement of research from basic science discovery to clinical application requires the extensive collaboration of individuals from multiple disciplines, therefore the ability to work as an effective interprofessional team is essential for researchers in clinical and translational science (CTS). Courses that build interprofessional skills are a key component in CTS education, but the development of these courses poses numerous administrative and educational challenges. This paper describes the processes of designing, implementing, and evaluating an innovative graduate-level course that combines online lectures and in-class facilitated group discussions to promote interprofessional interactions. The course offers students the opportunity to interact with and learn from individuals in a variety of disciplines, and it requires students to engage in interprofessional group work to meet the course objectives. During the past 4 years, 96 students from the schools of medicine, pharmacy, nursing, public health, and health and rehabilitation sciences at a large urban university have completed the course. The course has been well-received, with 87% of students rating its overall quality as excellent, good, or satisfactory. The course offers educators a model to teach graduate students the skills that are essential for becoming effective CTS researchers. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1-7. Authors: ["Georgeanna F W B GF Robinson", "Judith A JA Erlen", "Samuel M SM Poloyac", "5"] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399090&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399097&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23399097&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253664&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Sickle red blood cells (SSRBCs) adhere to both endothelial cells (ECs) and the extracellular matrix. Epinephrine elevates cyclic adenosine monophosphate in SSRBCs and increases adhesion of SSRBCs to ECs in a β-adrenergic receptor and protein kinase A-dependent manner. Studies in vitro as well as in vivo have suggested that adrenergic stimuli like epinephrine may contribute to vaso-occlusion associated with physiologic stress. We conducted both animal studies and a Phase I dose-escalation study in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients to investigate whether systemically administered propranolol inhibits SSRBC adhesion and to document the safety of propranolol in SCD. Systemically administered propranolol prevented SSRBC adhesion and associated vaso-occlusion in a mouse model. In patients receiving a single oral dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg propranolol, SSRBC adhesion to ECs was studied before and after propranolol, with and without stimulation with epinephrine. Propranolol administration significantly reduced epinephrine-stimulated SSRBC adhesion in a dose dependent manner (p = 0.03), with maximum inhibition achieved at 40 mg. Adverse events were not severe, did not show dose dependence, and were likely unrelated to drug. No significant heart rate changes occurred. These results imply that β-blockers may have a role as antiadhesive therapy for SCD. Authors: ["Laura M LM De Castro", "Rahima R Zennadi", "Marilyn J MJ Telen", "5"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253664&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253665&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The speed and effectiveness of current approaches to research translation are widely viewed as disappointing given small gains in real population health outcomes despite huge investments in basic and translational science. We identify critical value questions-ethical, social, economic, and cultural-that arise at moments throughout the research pathway. By making these questions visible, and promoting discussion of them with diverse stakeholders, we can facilitate handoffs along the translational pathway and increase uptake of effective interventions. Who is involved with those discussions will determine which research projects, populations, and methods get prioritized. We argue that some upfront investment in community and interdisciplinary engagement, shaped by familiar questions in ethics, social justice, and cultural knowledge, can save time and resources in the long run because interventions and strategies will be aimed in the right direction, that is, toward health improvements for all. Authors: ["Maureen M Kelley", "Kelly K Edwards", "Wylie W Burke", "9"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253665&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253673&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met variant and HMG-COA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been implicated in insulin resistance with a possible increased risk of diabetes. We sought to determine the effect of the BDNF Met variant and statin medication use on insulin resistance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Authors: ["K J KJ Burghardt", "R R Pop-Busui", "V L VL Ellingrod", "6"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253673&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253672&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Sexual risk reduction programs often assume that adolescents and young women care only about the minimization of their risks when making decisions about sexual encounters. As a result, these programs teach only the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections or sexual victimization. We propose a translational decision science approach that addresses the other outcomes that adolescents and young women might consider. In this study, young women reported their sexual nonconsent goals in response to hypothetical encounters in which their partner wished to have sex when they did not. We found that young women highly valued communicating their intent clearly as an end in itself, as well as a means to avoid unwanted sex. However, they also cited other, potentially conflicting, goals such as maintaining relationship stability and protecting their partner. These other goals were associated with participants' self-reported histories of sexual victimization. Young women who had been sexually coerced or raped attached greater importance to protecting their partner's feelings, preserving sexual relationships, and avoiding awkwardness or embarrassment, compared to young women without such experiences. We discuss the implications for creating sexual risk reduction programming relevant to young women with competing sexual nonconsent goals. Authors: ["Coreen C Farris", "Baruch B Fischhoff"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253672&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253675&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253675&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253669&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs) are a vital component of the clinical research enterprise providing a pivotal role in human subject protection through the numerous activities and responsibilities assigned to them. In 2006, the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Research resources (NCRR) implemented the Clinical and Translational Science Awards program (CTSA) to advance biomedical research. As a part of this endeavor, many workgroups were formed among the Consortium to support translational research. The Research Coordinator Taskforce was created as part of the Regulatory Knowledge group of the Clinical Research Innovation Key Function Committee, and focuses on enhancing CTSA capabilities to provide support and training for CRCs. In the spring of 2008, this taskforce conducted two surveys of the then 24 CTSA Consortium members to better understand the current expectations and responsibilities of research coordinators in addition to the mechanism for providing education, training, and support in order for CRCs to successfully meet the study responsibilities placed upon them. The results of these surveys are summarized in this article and provide context to the recommendations of the Research Coordinator Taskforce for institutional considerations, approaches, and best practices for providing education, training, and support the expanding role of CRCs in fulfilling their responsibilities delegated to them by investigators. Authors: ["Lisa A LA Speicher", "Gregg G Fromell", "Michele M Toms", "7"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253669&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253676&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253676&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253668&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Collecting and managing data for clinical and translational research presents significant challenges for clinical and translational researchers, many of whom lack needed access to data management expertise, methods, and tools. At many institutions, funding constraints result in differential levels of research informatics support among investigators. In addition, the lack of widely shared models and ontologies for clinical research informatics and health information technology hampers the accurate assessment of investigators' needs and complicates the efficient allocation of crucial resources for research projects, ultimately affecting the quality and reliability of research. In this paper, we present a model for providing flexible, cost-efficient institutional support for clinical and translational research data management and informatics, the research management team, and describe our initial experiences with deploying this model at our institution. Authors: ["Denise C DC Snyder", "Shelly S Epps", "Meredith M Nahm", "9"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253668&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253671&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Addressing complex adolescent health problems such as youth violence and teen pregnancy requires innovative strategies to promote protective social environments, increase healthier behaviors, and reduce the impact of health risk behaviors into adulthood. Multilevel, interdisciplinary, and translational approaches are needed to address these challenges in adolescent health. In May 2012, a group of adolescent health researchers participated in a 1-day research symposium titled "From Genes to Community: Exploring Translational Science in Adolescent Health Research," sponsored by the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) of the University of Pittsburgh and the Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The research symposium offered opportunities for adolescent health researchers to share examples of translational research as well as to identify potential collaborations to promote translational research. This and subsequent issues of Clinical and Translational Science will include papers from this symposium. The studies and reviews presented range from how basic biobehavioral sciences such as functional neuroimaging and decision science can be made relevant for intervention development as well as improving strategies for community-partnered knowledge transfer of cutting-edge research findings to promote adolescent health and well-being. Authors: ["Elizabeth E Miller"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253671&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253667&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IFN-γ gene (+874T/A) that determines high (TT), low (AA), and intermediate (TA) responder phenotypes has shown associations with susceptibility to infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as disease outcome. Therefore, the susceptibility to and outcome of certain diseases can vary in different ethnic populations partially due to the notable differences in frequencies of genotypes and alleles between them. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of +874T/A genotype and allele frequencies in a healthy Serbian population as a reference for further disease association studies. Authors: ["Dusan D Popadic", "Emina E Savic", "Vera V Pravica", "7"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253667&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253666&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Clinical research participants' perceptions regarding their experiences during research protocols provide outcome-based insights into the effectiveness of efforts to protect rights and safety, and opportunities to enhance participants' clinical research experiences. Use of validated surveys measuring patient-centered outcomes is standard in hospitals, yet no instruments exist to assess outcomes of clinical research processes. Authors: ["Jennifer L JL Yessis", "Rhonda G RG Kost", "David K DK Henderson", "5"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253666&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253674&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253674&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253670&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Workgroup for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Education, Training, and Workforce Development identified a need to delineate the competencies that practitioners and users of CER for patient-centered outcomes research, should acquire. With input from CTSA representatives and collaborators, we began by describing the workforce. We recognize the workforce that conducts CER and the end users who use CER to improve the health of individuals and communities. We generated a preliminary set of competencies and solicited feedback from the CER representatives at each member site of the CTSA consortium. We distinguished applied competencies (i.e., skills needed by individuals who conduct CER) from foundational competencies that are needed by the entire CER workforce, including end users of CER. Key competency categories of relevance to both practitioners and users of CER were: (1) asking relevant research questions; (2) recognizing or designing ideal CER studies; (3) executing or using CER studies; (4) using appropriate statistical analyses for CER; and (5) communicating and disseminating CER study results to improve health. Although CER is particularly broad concept, we anticipate that these preliminary, relatively generic competencies will be used in tailoring curricula to individual learners from a variety of programmatic perspectives. Authors: ["Jodi B JB Segal", "Wishwa W Kapoor", "Harry H Selker", "12"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253670&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253663&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: ["Robert R Sherwin", "Carolyn C Slayman", "Tesheia T Johnson", "10"] Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23253663&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067359&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067359&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067358&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067358&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067360&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067360&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067356&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Embryonic stem cell (ES) technology has advanced considerably within the past three decades and has gained prominent distinction within the emerging field of regenerative medicine. As it now enters the nascent stages of clinical application, many hopes and expectations arise along with questions as to where the technology will go. This paper evaluates the technical and practical obstacles that must be overcome before it can fully translate into the clinical context, the existence of strong opposition to the technology, political and legal barriers that have impeded its progression, and the role of healthcare reform in creating new social and economic priorities. In contrast to the technological imperative, a driving force seeking to implement the most recent scientific advances into medical practice, we refer to such translational obstacles as "technological impedance." Rather than expending inordinate effort to preserve existing systems that continue to possess major hurdles, we advocate fostering interdisciplinary approaches in the development of new generation platforms and embracing disruptive innovations that create solutions to technological impedance and move us forward in healthcare delivery. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 422-427. Authors: ["David G DG Zacharias", "Timothy J TJ Nelson", "C Christopher CC Hook", "4"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067356&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067350&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Mentors play important roles in training new investigators. This study was designed to determine characteristics of NIH mentored K award recipients and their mentors, their interpersonal interactions, and the factors, which influence satisfaction within this relationship. Method: A survey of 3027 NIH mentored K recipients and 1384 mentors was conducted in 2009. Nine hundred twenty-nine (30.7%) of the K recipients and 448 (32.4%) mentors completed the survey. Results: The gender of K respondents was evenly divided while the mentors were 72.1% male. The overall rating of their mentors was positive. Ideally, both thought the mentor should be important in research training; however, in actual practice, both rated the importance as lower. A total of 88.2% of recipients were satisfied with their relationship. Although the number of black K recipients was low, this group was more likely to be dissatisfied with the mentor relationship (6/29 or 20.7%) than their white counterparts. The frequency of meeting or communicating was correlated with K recipient satisfaction. Conclusions: Overall K recipients are satisfied with their mentor relationships. Although the number of black K recipient respondents was small, the higher level of mentor dissatisfaction should be further evaluated. Qualities of mentors, including the frequency of interactions and accessibility, can influence satisfaction. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 386-393. Authors: ["Elizabeth E Ripley", "Monika M Markowitz", "Francis F Macrina", "5"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067350&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067355&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Introduction: Novel therapies for myocardial infarction (MI) involving stem cells, gene therapy, biomaterials, or revascularization strategies have shown promise in animal studies and clinical trials, but results have been limited partially due to the injection of therapeutics into ischemic myocardium that cannot support their mechanism of action. Accurate targeting of therapeutics precisely to the infarct border zone (BZ) may be essential for effective repair of the ischemic heart. Methods: Ischemia-reperfusion MI was induced in Yorkshire swine by inflation of an angioplasty balloon in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Fluorescent microspheres were injected into the BZ under NOGA catheter guidance, and this location was identified grossly then examined by immunohistochemistry and Western analysis. Results: Analysis of the infarct zone two hours post-MI revealed a frankly necrotic region devoid of contractile proteins with marked activation of caspase-3. The NOGA-defined BZ closely approximates the grossly-defined BZ and contains intact myocytes and vasculature. Western analysis detected Akt expression and levels of Ca(2+) handling proteins equivalent to that of viable tissues. Conclusions: Histological and Western analysis revealed that NOGA mapping precisely identifies grossly and molecularly defined infarct BZ at a location where there are still viable cells and vessels capable of supporting novel therapeutic strategies. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 416-421. Authors: ["Jason M JM Duran", "Sharven S Taghavi", "Steven R SR Houser", "10"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067355&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067349&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the end point of a number of renal and systemic diseases. The metabolomics with a highly multiplexed and efficient manner is a challenging goal in nephrology. Methods: A (1) H-NMR based metabolomics approach was applied to establish a human CKD serum metabolic profile. Serum samples were obtained from CKD patients with four stages (N= 80) and healthy controls (N= 28). The data acquired by CMPG spectrum were further processed by pattern recognition (PR) analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was capable of clustering the disease groups and establishing disease-specific metabolites profile. Results: The classification models could grade CKD patients with considerably high value of Q(2) and R(2) . The significant endogenous metabolites that contributed to distinguish CKD in different stages included the products of glycolysis (glucose, lactate), amino acids (valine, alanine, glutamate, glycine), organic osmolytes (betaine, myo-inositol, taurine, glycerophosphcholine), and so on. Based on these metabolites, the model for diagnosing patients with CKD achieved the sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: The study illustrated that serum metabolic profile was altered in response to renal dysfunction and the progression of CKD. The identified metabolic biomarkers may provide useful information for the diagnosis of CKD, especially in early stages. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 379-385. Authors: ["Suwen S Qi", "Xin X Ouyang", "Yong Y Dai", "6"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067349&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067352&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Despite the increased emphasis on formal training in clinical and translational research and the growth in the number and scope of training programs over the past decade, the impact of training on research productivity and career success has yet to be fully evaluated at the institutional level. In this article, the Education Evaluation Working Group of the Clinical and Translational Science Award Consortium introduces selected metrics and methods associated with the assessment of key factors that affect research career success. The goals in providing this information are to encourage more consistent data collection across training sites, to foster more rigorous and systematic exploration of factors associated with career success, and to help address previously identified difficulties in program evaluation. Authors: ["Linda S LS Lee", "Susan N SN Pusek", "Doris M DM Rubio", "12"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067352&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067353&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Lipoxygenases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) for its potent proinflammatory role. The Sp1 addition/deletion polymorphism in promoter region of the 5-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX5) has been associated with increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. To determine the role of this polymorphism in our population we performed a case-control-genetic association study on 117 healthy controls and 119 angiographically verified CAD patients. Biochemical analysis was performed using standard automated assays. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C subfraction levels were estimated using precipitation methods. Genotyping of polymorphism in the ALOX5 (Sp1 variants) was done using PCR-based heteroduplex analysis and automated sequencing. The Sp1 promoter repeat variants were found to be associated with CAD (p Authors: ["Seema P SP Todur", "Tester F TF Ashavaid"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067353&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067354&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 In a previous report, we demonstrated the efficacy of an intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among African Americans in a controlled community intervention trial. Participants in the intervention, named EPICS (Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening), were twice as likely to be screened after six months as those in the control group. In the current project, we put the intervention into practice through an academic-health department partnership, and the intervention performed as well as it had in the controlled trial. This success may be due to the community-based participatory methods used in designing and testing the intervention. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 412-415. Authors: ["Selina S Smith", "Larry L Johnson", "Daniel D Blumenthal", "7"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067354&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067357&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 This paper shares the experience of establishing a research nurse forum aimed at knowledge sharing, problem solving, and community building from the perspective of a group of clinical research nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a tertiary care center in Boston, -Massachusetts. We report on a sequence of developmental steps taken to create this forum as an example of best practice for research nurses. Logistical considerations, mission and goals, as well as outcomes and implications for practice are described, with the intent that others interested in building similar forums can replicate aspects of this model within their own practice settings. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 428-431. Authors: ["Mary E ME Larkin", "Catherine A CA Griffith", "Amy A Sbrolla", "5"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067357&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067351&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Only one low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been previously reported in -African Americans. We performed a GWAS of LDL-C in African Americans using data extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) in the eMERGE network. African Americans were genotyped on the Illumina 1M chip. All LDL-C measurements, prescriptions, and diagnoses of concomitant disease were extracted from EMR. We created two analytic datasets; one dataset having median LDL-C calculated after the exclusion of some lab values based on comorbidities and medication (n= 618) and another dataset having median LDL-C calculated without any exclusions (n= 1,249). SNP rs7412 in APOE was strongly associated with LDL-C in both datasets (p Authors: ["Laura J LJ Rasmussen-Torvik", "Jennifer A JA Pacheco", "Rex L RL Chisholm", "24"] Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=23067351&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883607&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: ["Marco Bisoffi", "Virginia Severns", "Richard Larson"] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883607&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883613&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Previously unrecognized medical conditions identified in volunteers for early phase clinical studies have significant clinical and ethical implications for the participant. It is therefore crucial that the potential for unexpected diagnosis is addressed during the informed consent process. But the frequency of incidental diagnosis in healthy volunteers who attend for clinical trial screening remains unclear. To assess this we retrospectively analyzed 1,131 independent screening visits for 990 volunteers at a single academic center over a 10-year period to describe the frequency and nature of new clinical findings. Overall 23 of 990 volunteers (2.3%) were excluded at screening for a newly diagnosed medical abnormality. Some clinically important conditions, such as nephrotic syndrome and familial hypercholesterolemia were identified. The frequency of abnormalities was associated with increasing age in males (p= 0.02 χ(2) for trend) but not females (p= 0.82). These data will assist those planning and conducting phase I/II vaccine trials in healthy volunteers, and importantly should strengthen the informed consent of future trial participants. Authors: ["Christopher J A CJ Duncan", "Rosalind R Rowland", "Adrian V S AV Hill", "13"] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883613&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883611&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Preeclampsia is a common and potentially lethal pregnancy disorder with lifelong increased risk of cardiovascular disease in survivors. Our prior global gene expression microarray analysis led to a novel set of 36 candidates in first trimester placentas of women who subsequently developed preeclampsia. In this report, we present preliminary studies demonstrating biomarkers of genotype and methylation variations in a subset of these candidate genes in maternal leukocyte and fetoplacental DNA of 28 case and 27 control dyads. We tested 84 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using MassArray iPLEX and 50 CpG sites using EpiTYPER assays. Promising prediction modeling was identified with 25 SNPs selected using Fisher's exact tests (p ≤ 0.05) and 20 CpG sites selected on fold change. Genotype Distribution Analysis identified SNP variations that differed between nine paired cases versus paired controls. The findings validate the examined candidate genes and support feasibility of methods for further biomarker development. The integrative approach that was implemented begins to translate the 36 candidates toward clinical utility as a screening modality for preeclampsia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Authors: ["Sandra A Founds", "Haiwen Shi", "James Lyons-Weiler", "6"] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883611&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883618&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883618&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883620&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: [] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883620&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883615&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 The fundamental problem confronting policymakers who desire to facilitate the development of clinical and translational science (CTS) comes in bringing people with disparate interests, vocabularies, cultures, goals, and so forth together for a common purpose. A variety of roles have been suggested for individuals who may play key parts in this overall process: opinion leaders, change agents, boundary spanners, structural hole brokers, and, finally, collaborative knowledge brokers. This essay will systematically review these key roles; focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each to illustrate their part in approaches to solving this problem. The implications of this perspective will be discussed in terms of the role that human agents can play in facilitating CTS. Authors: ["J J David Johnson"] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883615&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883606&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22 Authors: ["Arthur M AM Feldman"] Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://pubget.com/search?escape=false&highlight=22883606&q=latest%3A%22Clinical+and+Translational+Science%22