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  • In This Issue
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  • New evidence for a Mesoamerican homeland for Proto-Uto-Aztecan.
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  • Lack of linguistic support for Proto-Uto-Aztecan at 8900 BP.
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  • Reply to Hill and Brown: Maize and Uto-Aztecan cultural history
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  • Reply to Rocke and Barker: The question is not whether birds are affected by thiamine deficiency or botulism, it is about the order of events
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  • Revision of the mtDNA tree and corresponding haplogroup nomenclature
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  • Reply to van Oven: Suggestions and caveats for naming mtDNA haplogroup
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  • Leveraging leptin for type I diabetes?
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  • A strong role for nature in face recognition.
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  • New perspectives on anthropoid origins.
    We examine the human fossil record and study our own genome and that of our closest ape relatives. However, the more ancient roots o...
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  • Feature Article: Leptin therapy in insulin-deficient type I diabetes.
    We show that leptin therapy, like insulin, normalizes the levels of a wide array of hepatic intermediary metabolites in multiple che...
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  • Discovering the flight autostabilizer of fruit flies by inducing aerial stumbles.
    We directly investigate control and stability through the application of torque impulses to freely flying fruit flies (Drosophila me...
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  • Stimulated coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) resonances originate from double-slit interference of two-photon Stokes pathways.
    We are able to separate the two components and recast each resonance as a modulus square of a transition amplitude which contains an...
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  • An atomistic picture of the regeneration process in dye sensitized solar cells.
    A highly efficient mechanism for the regeneration of the cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylat...
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  • Molecular basis for the high-affinity binding and stabilization of firefly luciferase by PTC124.
    We show that FLuc inhibition and stabilization is the result of an inhibitory product formed during the FLuc-catalyzed reaction betw...
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  • An unlocking/relocking barrier in conformational fluctuations of villin headpiece subdomain.
    These results suggest that native protein structures are locked into conformations with low amplitude motions. Large scale motions a...
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  • Magnetically driven three-dimensional manipulation and inductive heating of magnetic-dispersion containing metal alloys.
    We show low-melting-point metal alloys containing iron dispersions that can be remotely manipulated by magnetic fields to create ver...
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  • Tropical cloud forest climate variability and the demise of the Monteverde golden toad.
    We use stable oxygen isotope measurements from trees without annual rings to reconstruct a century of hydroclimatology in the Montev...
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  • Kadison-Singer algebras, II: General case.
    A new class of operator algebras, Kadison-Singer (KS-) algebras, is introduced. These highly noncommutative, non sel...
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  • Analytic index for a family of Dirac-Ramond operators.
    We derive a cohomological formula for the analytic index of a family of Dirac-Ramond operators and exhibit its modular properties....
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  • The imprint of China's first emperor on the distant realm of eastern Shandong.
    We have few details about the consequences of his distant conquests or how they changed the path of local histories. We integrate do...
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  • Identifying the roles of race-based choice and chance in high school friendship network formation.
    We present a technique for distinguishing two primary sources of homophily: biases in the preferences of individuals over the types...
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  • Interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms exploring the Titanic and Lusitania disasters.
    We show that time pressure appears to be crucial when explaining behavior under extreme conditions of life and death. Even though th...
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  • The dimensionality of discourse.
    The paragraph spaces of five text corpora, of different genres and intended audiences, in four different languages,...
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  • Optimal reward harvesting in complex perceptual environments.
    We addressed this question with three experiments in which human subjects attempted to maximize their monetary earnings by rapidly c...
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  • Theta-Activity in anterior cingulate cortex predicts task rules and their adjustments following errors.
    We report that core aspects of cognitive control are encoded by rhythmic theta-band activity within neuronal circuits in the ACC. Th...
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  • Geometric cues for directing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
    Significant efforts have been directed to understanding the factors that influence the lineage commitment of stem ce...
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  • Inaugural Article: Four generations of transition-state analogues for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
    Inhibition of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) stops growth of activated T-cells and the formation of 6-o...
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  • Full-length extracellular region of the var2CSA variant of PfEMP1 is required for specific, high-affinity binding to CSA.
    We report for the first time the expression of the full-length var2CSA extracellular region (domains DBL1X to DBL6epsilon) from the...
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  • Circadian control of XPA and excision repair of cisplatin-DNA damage by cryptochrome and HERC2 ubiquitin ligase
    We investigated the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage in mouse liver and testis tissue extracts prepared at regular intervals o...
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  • Pore architecture of the ORAI1 store-operated calcium channel.
    We have examined the pore architecture of the ORAI1 channel using ORAI1 proteins engineered to contain either one or two cysteine re...
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  • The antiapoptotic DeltaNp73 is degraded in a c-Jun-dependent manner upon genotoxic stress through the antizyme-mediated pathway.
    We have therefore investigated the possible mechanisms of stress-induced DNp73 degradation and show here that c-Jun, the AP-1 family...
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  • Picomole-scale characterization of protein stability and function by quantitative cysteine reactivity.
    We present the quantitative cysteine reactivity (QCR) technique to determine protein stabilities rapidly and accurately using only p...
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  • Engineering cis-telomerase RNAs that add telomeric repeats to themselves.
    We engineer human and Tetrahymena cis-telomerase RNAs, each having a DNA primer covalently linked to its 3' end. We find that cis-te...
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  • Identification and characterization of the furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural degradation pathways of Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14.
    We describe the complete molecular identification and characterization of the pathway by which Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 metaboli...
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  • The mouse ortholog of NEIL3 is a functional DNA glycosylase in vitro and in vivo.
    We report the characterization of Mus musculus (house mouse) Neil3 (MmuNeil3) as an active DNA glycosylase both in vitro and in vivo...
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  • Allosteric modulation of Ras positions Q61 for a direct role in catalysis.
    We previously solved the structure of Ras from crystals with symmetry of the space group R32 in which switch II is disordered and fo...
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  • Origins of catalysis by computationally designed retroaldolase enzymes.
    We have investigated recently reported computationally designed retroaldolase enzymes with the goal of understanding the extent and...
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  • A zinc-binding site by negative selection induces metallodrug susceptibility in an essential chaperonin.
    GroES is an indispensable chaperonin virtually found throughout all life forms. Consequently, mutations of this prot...
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  • Abundant ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA by yeast replicative polymerases.
    Measurements of nucleoside triphosphate levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that the four rNTPs are in 36- to...
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  • Large-scale conformational sampling of proteins using temperature-accelerated molecular dynamics.
    We show how to apply the method of temperature-accelerated molecular dynamics (TAMD) in collective variables [Maragliano L, Vanden-E...
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  • 4.0-A resolution cryo-EM structure of the mammalian chaperonin TRiC/CCT reveals its unique subunit arrangement.
    We determined the mammalian TRiC structure at 4.7-A resolution. This revealed the existence of a 2-fold axis between its two rings r...
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  • A ratchet mechanism for amplification in low-frequency mammalian hearing.
    We show that active hair-bundle motility and electromotility can together implement an efficient mechanism for amplification that fu...
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  • Random cell movement promotes synchronization of the segmentation clock.
    We first show by numerical modeling that synchronized oscillation can be sustained under random cell movement. We also find that for...
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  • Minute negative superhelicity is sufficient to induce the B-Z transition in the presence of low tension.
    We have examined the B-Z transition in a short guanine/cytosine (GC) repeat in the presence of controlled tension and superhelicity...
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  • Strong intranucleoid interactions organize the Escherichia coli chromosome into a nucleoid filament.
    We infer the existence of an as-yet uncharacterized higher-order DNA organization in bacteria. We demonstrate that both the stochast...
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  • CaV1.2 {beta}-subunit coordinates CaMKII-triggered cardiomyocyte death and afterdepolarizations.
    We recently identified Ca(V)1.2 beta(2a) residues critical for CaMKII phosphorylation (Thr 498) and binding (Leu 493), suggesting th...
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  • Atomically detailed simulation of the recovery stroke in myosin by Milestoning.
    We propose that the entropy of switch 2 helps to drive the power stroke. Secondary structure elements are progressing through a smal...
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  • Initiation of DNA replication after fertilization is regulated by p90Rsk at pre-RC/pre-IC transition in starfish eggs.
    We elucidate the regulation of the first S phase of the embryonic cell cycle after fertilization. Unless fertilization occurs, the M...
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  • Dose-dependent induction of distinct phenotypic responses to Notch pathway activation in mammary epithelial cells.
    We investigated the cellular basis for the heterogeneous responses to Notch pathway activation in 3D cultures of MCF-10A mammary epi...
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  • Drosophila Parkin requires PINK1 for mitochondrial translocation and ubiquitinates Mitofusin.
    We show in Drosophila cells that PINK1 is required to recruit Parkin to dysfunctional mitochondria and promote their degradation. Fu...
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  • Developmental hyperbilirubinemia and CNS toxicity in mice humanized with the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) locus.
    We sought to duplicate this condition in mice. The human UGT1 locus, encoding all 9-UGT1A genes including UGT1A1, was expressed in U...
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  • Macroecological signals of species interactions in the Danish avifauna.
    We present evidence that species interactions may be a significant factor in mediating the regional assembly of the Danish avifauna....
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  • Population genetics of ecological communities with DNA barcodes: An example from New Guinea Lepidoptera.
    We sampled haplotypes of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I from 28 Lepidoptera species and 1,359 individuals across four host pla...
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  • A single mutation in the first transmembrane domain of yeast COX2 enables its allotopic expression.
    We have investigated the barriers to transfer of yeast COX2, a mitochondrial gene coding for a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase compl...
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  • Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear.
    We have generated a complete, high-quality mt genome from a stratigraphically validated 130,000- to 110,000-year-old polar bear jawb...
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  • Polygenic and directional regulatory evolution across pathways in Saccharomyces.
    We assess the prevalence of polygenic evolution in pathways in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus. We first establis...
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  • Evolution of species-specific promoter-associated mechanisms for protecting chromosome ends by Drosophila Het-A telomeric transposons.
    We analyze telomere-specific retrotransposons from D. virilis, separated from D. melanogaster by 40 to 60 million years, to evaluate...
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  • Functional analysis of human mismatch repair gene mutations identifies weak alleles and polymorphisms capable of polygenic interactions.
    We used a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based system to study polymorphisms and suspected missense mutations in human MMR genes by modeli...
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  • Abnormal development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the setting of lamin B2 deficiency.
    We generated lamin B2-deficient mice and found that they have severe brain abnormalities resembling lissencephaly, with abnormal lay...
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  • A genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence.
    We explored genetic influences on alcohol dependence among 1,897 European-American and African-American subjects with alcohol depend...
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  • Seromic profiling of ovarian and pancreatic cancer.
    We developed a set of tailored quality control and normalization procedures based on ELISA validation to allow patient comparisons a...
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  • Evidence for a functional sidedness to the {alpha}{beta}TCR.
    We provide additional evidence that the CD3 heterodimers congregate on one side of the TCR in both the alphabeta and gammadeltaTCR-C...
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  • Interaction of C-type lectin-like receptors NKp65 and KACL facilitates dedicated immune recognition of human keratinocytes.
    We characterized the orphan NKC gene CLEC2A encoding for KACL, a further member of the human CLEC2 family of CTLRs. In contrast to t...
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  • Mutant Ikzf1, KrasG12D, and Notch1 cooperate in T lineage leukemogenesis and modulate responses to targeted agents.
    We performed insertional mutagenesis with the MOL4070LTR retrovirus in Mx1-Cre, Kras(G12D) mice and generated a large cohort of T li...
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  • From combinatorial peptide selection to drug prototype (I): Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway.
    We previously used a combinatorial screening on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-activated endothelial cells to select the...
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  • From combinatorial peptide selection to drug prototype (II): Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway.
    We identify small molecules mimicking EGFR and that functionally behave as soluble decoys for EGF and TGFalpha, ligands that would o...
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  • Activin A promotes multiple myeloma-induced osteolysis and is a promising target for myeloma bone disease.
    We identify activin A, a TGF-beta family member, as a therapeutically amenable target exploited by multiple myeloma (MM) to alter it...
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  • Sensitivity of MRI resonance frequency to the orientation of brain tissue microstructure.
    We studied postmortem tissue samples from human corpus callosum with an experimental design that allowed separation of microstructur...
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  • LRP6 overexpression defines a class of breast cancer subtype and is a target for therapy.
    We show that expression of the Wnt signaling coreceptor LRP6 is up-regulated in a subpopulation of human breast cancers. LRP6 silenc...
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  • Allele-specific tumor spectrum in Pten knockin mice.
    We modeled three sentinel mutant alleles of PTEN identified in patients with Cowden syndrome and show that the nonsense Pten(4-5) an...
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  • Pain perception is altered by a nucleotide polymorphism in SCN9A.
    We first genotyped 27 SCN9A SNPs in 578 individuals with a radiographic diagnosis of osteoarthritis and a pain score assessment. A s...
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  • Lsr2 is a nucleoid-associated protein that targets AT-rich sequences and virulence genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    We find that Lsr2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a unique nucleoid-associated protein that binds AT-rich regions of the genome, in...
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  • A link between the assembly of flagella and lipooligosaccharide of the Gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter jejuni.
    We identify a gene encoding a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase (Cj0256) that serves a dual role in modifying not only the lipo...
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  • Susceptibility of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) to retroviral restriction factors.
    We therefore investigated the susceptibility of XMRV to a panel of different restriction factors. We found that both human APOBEC3 a...
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  • In vivo vomeronasal stimulation reveals sensory encoding of conspecific and allospecific cues by the mouse accessory olfactory bulb.
    We developed a unique preparation that allows controlled and repeated stimulus delivery to the VNO and combined this approach with m...
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  • Reduced voltage sensitivity in a K+-channel voltage sensor by electric field remodeling.
    We show that either positively or negatively charged residues added between the two most external sensing arginines of S4 decreased...
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  • Communication via gap junctions underlies early functional and beneficial interactions between grafted neural stem cells and the host.
    We report that, in organotypic slice cultures analyzed by ratiometric time-lapse calcium imaging, current-clamp recordings, and dye-...
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  • Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine.
    We investigated the dynamics of nicotine accumulation in the smoker's brain during actual cigarette smoking using PET with 3-s tempo...
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  • Distal axonopathy with structural persistence in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
    We show that, like other neurodegenerations, distal axon injury appears early in mouse glaucoma. Where RGC axons terminate in the su...
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  • Axon guidance by growth-rate modulation.
    We show that such turning is not required for guidance. Rather, by a combination of experimental and computational analyses, we demo...
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  • Loss of high-frequency glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations in pancreatic islets correlates with impaired glucose tolerance in Trpm5-/- mice.
    We propose that TRPM5, a Ca(2+)-activated monovalent cation channel, is a positive regulator of glucose-induced insulin release. Imm...
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  • A developmental framework for endodermal differentiation and polarity.
    We reveal that the membrane at the Casparian strip is a diffusional barrier between the central and peripheral regions of the plasma...
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  • Polar localization and degradation of Arabidopsis boron transporters through distinct trafficking pathways.
    We investigated the localization of GFP-tagged NIP5;1 and BOR1 expressed under the control of their native promoters. Under B limita...
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  • Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase intrinsically located in the chloroplast of rice plays a crucial role in ammonium assimilation.
    We show that rice (Oryza sativa L.) has a plant-type PEPC, Osppc4, that is targeted to the chloroplast. Osppc4 was expressed in all...
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  • Human face recognition ability is specific and highly heritable.
    We propose that investigating specific cognitive abilities with well-defined neural substrates, such as face recognition, may yield...
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  • Ecosystem service bundles for analyzing tradeoffs in diverse landscapes.
    We developed a framework for analyzing the provision of multiple ecosystem services across landscapes and present an empirical demon...
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  • Dynamic transcriptomes during neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells revealed by short, long, and paired-end sequencing.
    We analyzed the transcriptome changes that occur during the differentiation of hESCs into the neural lineage. Undifferentiated hESCs...
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  • Retraction for Cannata et. al., Triplex-forming oligonucleotide-orthophenanthroline conjugates for efficient targeted genome modification.
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