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Botulinum Toxins (1):
Recent article
Botulinum Toxins
Abstract
Migraine headache can be a debilitating condition that confers a substantial burden to the affected individual and to society. Despite significant advancements in the medical management of this challenging disorder, clinical data have revealed a proportion of patients who do not adequately respond t...
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PMID: 20871488
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Botulinum type A toxin (BoNT/A) is defined by its specific endopeptidase cleavage of SNAP25 between Gln(197) and Arg(198) under reducing conditions. The neurotoxin is widely used for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes, but should not contain other toxin serotypes or unwanted protease activities. Using...
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PMID: 20832960
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Journal (433)2 2010
Abstract
We dissected the molecular mechanisms of VAMP-2 recognition by BoNT serotype F for the first time. The initial substrate recognition was mediated through sequential binding of VAMP-2 to the B1, B2 and B3 pockets in LC/F (light chain of BoNT serotype F), which directed VAMP-2 to the active site of LC...
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PMID: 21029044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The FDA has approved incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin--Merz) for treatment of cervical dystonia and blepharospasm in adults. It has been commercially available in Germany since 2005. Several formulations of botulinum toxin type A (Botox; Dysport) and type B (Myobloc) are already marketed for treatment of...
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PMID: 21068703
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Drooling is a common and potentially distressing symptom in those with motor neurone disease. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach is required to optimally manage this symptom. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are required, and when drugs are used, off-label prescribing in...
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PMID: 21135790
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Detrusor injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has shown great promise in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) refractory to conservative therapy. Despite a paucity of prospective evidence, there exists a growing consensus that BTX injection therapy is a well-tolerated, low-risk ther...
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PMID: 20955908
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dermatologic Clinics (28)4 2010
Abstract
Vulvodynia is a multifactorial chronic pain disorder that is distressing to the patient and exigent to the physician. Although the condition is common, it remains little understood, so patients remain undiagnosed and untreated or undertreated for many years. Although multiple therapies exist in the...
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PMID: 20883912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Journal (431)2 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate that the neurotoxicity of BoNT/D depends on the presence of gangliosides by employing phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparations derived from mice expressing the gangliosides GM3, GM2, GM1 and GD1a, or only GM3 [a description of our use of ganglioside nomenclature is given in Svennerhol...
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PMID: 20704566
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
La Revue du praticien (60)7 2010
Abstract
Sciatic pain is often misleading and establishing the link with a local muscular cause can be difficult and lead to errors, especially when faced with a young sportsman, with typical discogenic pain. Simple, specific and reproducible tests enable a better identification and treatment of a muscular c...
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PMID: 21033479
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This article represents a general overview of therapies for urinary urgency, frequency, and overactive bladder, with specific emphasis on sacral neuromodulation. The history of sacral neuromodulation is discussed along with an update of the current literature. Future directions for neuromodulation o...
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PMID: 20635172
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) has now become the treatment of choice for a range of debilitating neuromuscular diseases and for aesthetic medicine. BoNT products are licensed as prescription-only medicines by the health authorities of each country in which they are approved. The...
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PMID: 20865839
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells to test the binding and transport of serotype C1 BoNT and L-TC through the cell layers. BoNT and L-TC bound to and passed through the cell layers, with L-TC exhibiting larger binding and transport. Binding and transport of these toxins were inhibited...
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PMID: 20453451
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Neurologica Belgica (110)3 2010
Abstract
Available preventive treatments for primary headaches such as migraines and tension-type headaches have limited efficacy and often disabling side effects (Schoenen 2004, Schoenen 2000). There is thus room for new more effective and better tolerated therapeutic approaches as long as they can be prove...
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PMID: 21114129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Neurologica Belgica (110)3 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
We radio-marked 419 molting mallards on 11 lakes in western Canada during July-August 1999-2001 and monitored them for 30 days, testing whether survival was higher on lakes with carcass removal. Botulism occurred on 10 lakes. On five carcass removal lakes, greater-than-normal effort was made to cond...
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PMID: 20688692
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five outbreaks of botulism in waterbirds were encountered over a 5-yr period from 2004 to 2008 in Korea. In October 2008, an outbreak of avian type C botulism affected approximately 2,000 wild waterbirds in the Namdong flood control basin, Incheon, South Korea. Ecologic conditions, clinical signs ex...
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PMID: 20688696
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined proteolytic and nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type F strains, bivalent strains, including Bf and Af, and Clostridium baratii type F strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bont/F genes examined formed 7 subtypes (F1 to F7) and that the nucleotide sequence identities of th...
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PMID: 20511432
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Vaccines (6)6 2010
Abstract
A good immunogen was developed as an effective recombinant vaccine candidate that protected mice against botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BoNT/B) intoxication. The Hc fragment of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type B (rBoNT/B-Hc) was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pQE-...
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PMID: 20519939
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (302)6 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Clostridial neurotoxins from the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) family are protein complexes, derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which potently inhibit acetylcholine release and result in a reversible blockade of the neuromuscular junction. This feature led to the clinical development of...
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PMID: 20462283
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Revista de Neurologia (50)11 2010
Abstract
The semiological characteristics of brain tremor are a valuable aid in the aetiological diagnosis. Pharmacological therapy is very limited. Botulinum toxin and functional surgery of the intermediate ventral thalamic nucleus are useful in selected patients....
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PMID: 20514640
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Although there are sound theoretical reasons for the use of botulinum toxin (Btx) as early as possible in the management of severe childhood muscle spasticity, the experience with its safety in children younger than 2 years of age is limited and information about its possible effects on the developm...
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PMID: 19574925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an alternative strategy in which the native genes encoding Hc proteins of botulinum toxins A, B, and E were used to express the recombinant Hc fragments in a cell-free expression system. We used the unique property of this open system to introduce different combinations of chaperone syste...
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PMID: 20357058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Orthopedics (33)5 2010
Abstract
This article presents a case of an 82-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease who was treated with a modular unipolar hemiarthroplasty for a right femoral neck fracture, which she voluntarily dislocated 3 times in the first postoperative week. The hip was stable in all directions, even in 60 degrees...
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PMID: 20506943
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The rate of return was 62% and 75% of all responding hospitals use BoNT as a therapeutic option, especially where "off-label-use" indications are concerned (15 out of 20 indications or 75%). DISCUSSION: BoNT is widely used as a therapeutic option with an increasing trend. Due to different applicatio...
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PMID: 20454883
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Molecular Biology (397)4 2010
Abstract
We created a library of non-immune llama single-domain VHH (camelid heavy-chain variable region derived from heavy-chain-only antibody) antibodies displayed on the surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Library selection on BoNT/A Lc yielded 15 yeast-displayed VHH with equilibrium dissociati...
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PMID: 20138889
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Experimental Biology (213)Pt 8 2010
Abstract
Paramecium primaurelia expresses a significant amount of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). Paramecia possess both glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-like and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT)-like proteins, indicating the ability to synthesize GABA from glutamate and to transport GABA into vesicles. Using...
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PMID: 20348336
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results support the consideration of BoNT-B as an effective first-line botulinum toxin treatment for patients with CD who list pain as a primary complaint....
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PMID: 20374078
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The cases were a 64-year-old man and a 57-year-old woman both with discomfort and dysphasia. They were given a diagnosis of esophageal achalasia after gastrointestinal endoscopy, barium esophagography and esophageal internal pressure tests. Their symptoms were dramatically improved by localized botu...
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PMID: 20411627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Neurologist (16)2 2010
Abstract
We discuss a patient who developed an "alien limb" on her right side after brain herniation. She reported feeling as though her arm movements were controlled by a stranger and displayed limb levitation and groping behaviors. She received 0.5 mg clonazepam b.i.d. This was followed by a limb levitatio...
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PMID: 20220444
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Strabismus (18)1 2010
Abstract
All changes in angle of deviation were significant. Larger pretreatment angles of deviation did not preclude significant changes in angle of deviation using botulinum toxin and significantly greater change in deviation was seen in pretreatment angles greater than 20PD....
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PMID: 20230199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Strabismus (18)1 2010
Abstract
As a result of the outcome of botulinum toxin, 41 (46.5%) patients proceeded to surgery; 12 (14%) continued with maintenance toxin. Forty-seven (53%) demonstrated a long-term reduction in deviation. Transient complications were ptosis in 11 patients and induced vertical deviation in 10. CONCLUSION:...
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PMID: 20230203
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Revista de Neurologia (50 Suppl 2) 2010
Abstract
In recent years, different evaluation scales have been developed for clinical use and in screening the aforementioned symptoms. Of the different therapeutic options available, botulinum toxin represents the preferred treatment for sialorrhea. In contrast, speech therapy and an optimisation of the an...
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PMID: 20205142
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Pneumatic dilation (PD) is considered to be the first line nonsurgical therapy for achalasia. The principle of the procedure is to weaken the lower esophageal sphincter by tearing its muscle fibers by generating radial force. The endoscope-guided procedure is done without fluoroscopic control. Clini...
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PMID: 20101764
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The antimicrobial gas carbon dioxide is frequently used in modified atmosphere packaging. In the present study, the effects of CO2 (10 to 70%, vol/vol) on gene expression (measured using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and a whole-genome DNA microarray) and neurotoxin formation (measured usin...
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PMID: 20038699
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Urological and gastroenterological patients may benefit from the therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxin. Urologic indications include overactive bladder refractory to conventional treatments, painful bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes and problems with bladder emptying. Currently, there are no...
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PMID: 21171476
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Available high-quality trials showed that intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection could not significantly relieve subjective symptoms and improve objective measurement in patients with gastroparesis, and there is no evidence to recommend botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of gastroparesis.
C...
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PMID: 20029206
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta medica Iranica (48)2 2010
Abstract
Among the therapeutic options for achalasia are pneumatic dilatation (PD), an appropriate long-term therapy, and botulinum toxin injection (BT) that is a relatively short-term therapy. This study aimed to compare therapeutic effect of repetitive pneumatic dilation with a combined method (botulinum t...
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PMID: 21133003
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I also searched my existing reference files, reference lists of identified articles, and meeting/conference abstracts to ensure completeness. The focus was on clinical medicine and aesthetic trials. To be eligible for the analysis, studies had to include efficacy assessments at multiple timepoints....
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PMID: 20369902
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Microbiology (10) 2010
Abstract
We report here a two-step PCR assay that identifies all toxin types, that achieves the specificity of the mouse bioassay while surpassing it in equivalent sensitivity, that has capability for high-throughput analysis, and that provides quantitative results within hours. The first step of our assay c...
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PMID: 20961439
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report herein the use of such a combined approach in middle-aged women with particular emphasis on botulinum toxin type A, dermal fillers, and chemical peels....
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PMID: 20924438
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We envision that mathematical models will ultimately be of value to those who are healthcare decision makers and providers, as well as clinical and basic researchers. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the combination of this computer-intensive approach with mathematical modeling will predict the perc...
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PMID: 20021324
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide an overview of the structural features of botulinum toxins (BoNT and BoNT complex) and the interaction of these toxins with the epithelial barrier....
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PMID: 20169001
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We first summarize the treatment options available, then we provide suggestions from our own experience for how these can be applied in different types of dystonia. In preparing this review article, an extensive literature search was undertaken using PubMed. Only selected references from 1970 to 200...
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PMID: 20001425
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroRehabilitation (27)2 2010
Abstract
Though in the last few decades only a few new drugs have come available for the treatment of spasticity, new insights may revise the role and individual value of several pharmacological treatments. Diazepam, baclofen and tizanidine are the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of spasticity. Intra...
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PMID: 20871149
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Euro surveillance : bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin (15)14 2010
Abstract
In June 2008, three Dutch tourists participating in a mini-cruise in Turkey needed urgent repatriation for antitoxin treatment because of symptoms of botulism. Because there was a shortage of antitoxin in the Netherlands, an emergency delivery was requested from the manufacturer in Germany. An outbr...
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PMID: 20394717
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site. Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized with distinct AB structure-function properties. The A domain encodes a catalytic activity. ADP ribosylation of host...
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PMID: 20358680
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We propose to generate sets of nontoxigenic C. botulinum strains from proteolytic and nonproteolytic groups that differ from the wild-type strains only by their inability to produce botulinum neurotoxin. In this initial study we describe the generation of a nontoxigenic mutant of C. botulinum strain...
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PMID: 19933346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Der Urologe (49)1 2010
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A has still not been approved for urologic indications leading to uncertainty of the user or those who would like to use it. Recently, a report of a European consensus panel on this topic was published in European Urology: Apostolidis et al. (2009) Recommendations on...
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PMID: 19876612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Der Urologe (49)1 2010
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A has still not been approved for urologic indications leading to uncertainty of the user or those who would like to use it. Recently, a report of a European consensus panel on this topic was published in European Urology: Apostolidis et al. (2009) Recommendations on...
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PMID: 19876612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Der Urologe (49)1 2010
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A has still not been approved for urologic indications leading to uncertainty of the user or those who would like to use it. Recently, a report of a European consensus panel on this topic was published in European Urology: Apostolidis et al. (2009) Recommendations on...
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PMID: 19876612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Der Urologe (49)1 2010
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A has still not been approved for urologic indications leading to uncertainty of the user or those who would like to use it. Recently, a report of a European consensus panel on this topic was published in European Urology: Apostolidis et al. (2009) Recommendations on...
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PMID: 19876612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.