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Cell Wall Skeleton (0):
Recent article
Cell Wall Skeleton
Anticancer Research (30)10 2010
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is one of therapeutic options for urothelial carcinoma (UC). The objectives of this study were to determine the direct effect of viable or heat-killed BCG and BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) on UC cells in vitro.
UC cell lines were co-cultured with viable or heat-kill...
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PMID: 21036724
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We demonstrate that BCG/CWS has a radiosensitizing effect on colon cancer cells through the induction of autophagic cell death. Exposure of HCT116 colon cancer cells to BCG/CWS before ionizing radiation (IR) resulted in increased cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Treatment with BCG/CWS plu...
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PMID: 19901560
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cancer Science (99)7 2008
Abstract
We have newly isolated the cell wall skeleton from M. bovis BCG Tokyo (SMP-105) and examined the binding of SMP-105 with TLR. It was revealed that highly purified SMP-105 activates the nuclear factor-kB promoter in a TLR2-dependent manner, not a TLR4-dependent manner, using a reporter gene assay sys...
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PMID: 18452561
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that among different subcellular fractions, the cell wall skeleton induced a prominent expression of gamma interferon in splenocytes from both non-TB and TB M. vaccae-treated mice....
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PMID: 18337379
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Active immunization of hamsters against Clostridium difficile infection using surface-layer protein.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, particularly among the elderly. Its surface-layer protein (SLP) was tested as a vaccine component in a series of immunization and challenge experiments with Golden Syrian hamsters, combined with different syste...
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PMID: 18093141
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The mycobacterial cell envelope consists of a characteristic cell wall skeleton (CWS), a mycoloyl arabinogalactan peptidoglycan complex, and related hydrophobic components that contribute to the cell surface properties. Since mycolic acids have recently been reported to play crucial roles in host im...
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PMID: 18178279
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The animal experiment showed the weight of transplanted tumors in treated group was less than that of control group (chi2=12.5, P= 0.002). The tumor inhibition rate was 59.1 percent and 84.2 percent in the groups treated with Nr-CWS 60 and 120 micrograms/ml Nr-CWS; the results of HPV detection in 23...
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PMID: 18322596
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of adjuvant Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A+TDM), along with three proteins of the PE/PPE family. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously injected with recombinant proteins, encoded by Rv1818c, Rv3018c and Rv3812 genes of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, formulated with Ribi or IFA for comparative...
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PMID: 17709160
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here that mice deficient in the critical signaling components for TLR mount robust antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigen given in four typical adjuvants: alum, Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and monophosphoryl-lipid A/trehalose dicorynomycolate adjuvant....
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PMID: 17185603
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Cancer Research (12)24 2006
Abstract
This novel dendritic cell immunotherapy with i.t. administration of BCG-CWS-treated dendritic cells following tumor cryoablation could be used for the therapy of cancer patients with multiple metastases....
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PMID: 17189420
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tuberculosis (86)3-4 2006
Abstract
We found significant increase in the splenic cfu count compared to control groups. Moreover, the protection provided by BCG or other mycobacterial antigens was completely abolished once the 27-kDa antigen was added to the vaccine preparations. Further analysis of 27-kDa revealed that this lipoprotei...
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PMID: 16515885
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology (13)8 2005
Abstract
Immunology Letters (98)2 2005
Abstract
We used the bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) to test DC maturation by GeneChip analysis. We identified the genes supporting an efficient DC response and output. Approximately 2000 genes were up-regulated by BCG-CWS stimulation. BCG-CWS-, peptidoglycan (PGN)- and lipopolysacchari...
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PMID: 15860229
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We recently discovered that slowed DNA synthesis induces filamentous differentiation in S. cerevisiae. We screened the BY yeast deletion strains and identified four classes of non-essential genes that are required for both slowed DNA-induced filamentous growth and classic forms of filamentous growth...
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PMID: 15645503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (73)1 2005
Abstract
We examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of six immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant antigens (85B, 38kDa, ESAT-6, CFP21, Mtb8.4, and 16kDa) in a multivalent vaccine preparation (6Ag). Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and monophosphoryl lipid A-trehalose dicorynomycolate (...
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PMID: 15618161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Medical Microbiology (53)Pt 12 2004
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. Currently there is no human vaccine against melioidosis. In this study, LPS or capsular polysaccharide was used to immunize BALB/c mice. The different polysaccharide...
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PMID: 15585494
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (78)19 2004
Abstract
We investigated the immunogenicity of soluble forms of L1, an outer membrane protein of the intracellular mature virus, and of A33 and B5, outer membrane proteins of the extracellular enveloped virus. The recombinant proteins, in 10-microg amounts mixed with a Ribi- or saponin-type adjuvant, were ad...
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PMID: 15367588
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Immunology (16)5 2004
Abstract
We have utilized a novel method to generate transgenic mice that are deficient in NK cells. The strategy entails introduction of the H and L chain genes encoding PK136, an antibody shown to be effective in the in vivo elimination of NK cells, into the mouse genome. Since the introduced H chain gene...
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PMID: 15096486
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (72)2 2004
Abstract
We have analyzed the gene expression profile of monocytes in response to a highly purified cell wall fraction of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a clinically approved adjuvant known as BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS). It is composed of mycolic acid, arabinogalactan, and peptidoglycan and confers Toll-like...
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PMID: 14742539
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (95)4 2003
Abstract
Cell wall deficient forms (CWD, spheroplasts) genetically indistinguishable from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have been isolated from patients with Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. These MAP CWD may be important in the pathogenesis of these diseases and in Johne's Disease in other animal s...
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PMID: 12935751
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
MPL (Corixa) adjuvant is a chemically modified derivative of lipopolysaccharide that displays greatly reduced toxicity while maintaining most of the immunostimulatory activity of lipopolysaccharide. MPL adjuvant has been used extensively in clinical trials as a component in prophylactic and therapeu...
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PMID: 12899573
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (71)3 2003
Abstract
Only native products of Mycobacterium leprae, whether cell wall, cytosol, or membrane derived, can confer protective immunity against challenge in the mouse footpad. Previously, recombinant proteins were shown to be ineffective. The cell wall skeleton-the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan comple...
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PMID: 12595485
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Parasitology (89)1 2003
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with a bacterially expressed and purified polyhistidine-tagged full-length version of the microneme protein NcMIC3 (recNcMIC3) emulsified in Ribi Adjuvant System (RAS). Subsequently, they were challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation of 2 x 10(6) live Neospora caninum t...
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PMID: 12659301
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We screened a cDNA library prepared from monocytes stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG cell wall. A novel transcript with three-protein coding potential was identified, and the expressed proteins from individual frames showed distinct intracellular localization. Live and heat-killed Mycobacteriu...
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PMID: 12504855
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the immune response of mice to the MPT superoxide dismutase (SOD) alone or adjuvanted by Ribi. We cloned, overexpressed and purified this antigen in Escherichia coli. Spleen cells from immunized mice, after exposure to recombinant MPT SOD (MPT rSOD), produced significant levels of IFNgamm...
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PMID: 12208610
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (70)8 2002
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated protection against Leishmania major in the murine and nonhuman primate models with individual or combinations of purified leishmanial recombinant antigens delivered as plasmid DNA constructs or formulated with recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) as adjuvant. In the prese...
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PMID: 12117930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have reported that cell-wall skeleton (CWS) fraction was the major adjuvant-active principle of mycobacterial cells which were used in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). We have described the biochemical and immunological properties of CWS of mycobacteria and related bacteria, especially the CWS o...
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PMID: 11460306
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis (49 Suppl 1) 2001
Abstract
We propose the hypothesis that DC/Mphi express two sorts of receptors for PAMP, whose signaling pathways lead to a sufficient antigen (Ag)-presenting state. In bacterial infection, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) and an uptake receptor participate in DC maturation and Mphi activation. Likewise, with a nu...
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PMID: 11603865
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (68)12 2000
Abstract
We demonstrated that the cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-CWS), a purified noninfectious material consisting of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan, and mycolic acids, induces maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). Surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD8...
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PMID: 11083809
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Infectious Diseases (31 Suppl 3) 2000
Abstract
Twelve patients with superficial bladder cancer were treated with intravesical instillations of Rubratin (ASTA Pharma AG, Frankfurt, Germany), a cell-wall preparation of Nocardia rubra. The objective was to compare the immunostimulating effect of Rubratin with that of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)...
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PMID: 11010835
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors previously isolated a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient Tn5-mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and subsequently isolated the LPS gene region. In this study the LPS deficiency of B. japonicum was studied in terms of its cell surface characteristics. By monitoring the kinetics of the par...
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PMID: 10958967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The stress-bearing fabric of bacteria is made of peptidoglycan. This crosslinked fabric is formed from disaccharide pentapeptide units that are transported through the cytoplasmic membrane and then polymerized in two directions: (i) to form oligoglycan chains; and (ii) to cross link these chains by...
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PMID: 10833354
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We attempted to produce effective antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans fimbrial antigen, which was shown to be an attachment factor. An oligopeptide based on the amino acid sequence of A. actinomycetemcomitans fimbriae was synthesized and conjugated with branched lysine polymer resin beads. M...
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PMID: 10551155
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We found that BCG-CWS activates human monocytes and concomitantly down-regulates expression of a human homologue of chicken MD-1 in the activated monocytes by differential display. According to a previous study, MD-1 forms a complex with the Toll family protein RP-105 on murine B cell lines to facil...
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PMID: 10079183
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The ability of five different adjuvants (alum, complete Freund's adjuvant, Quil A, AdjuPrime and Ribi) to stimulate humoral and T-cell mediated immune responses against a purified chimeric virus particle was investigated. Each adjuvant was administered subcutaneously to adult mice together with 10 m...
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PMID: 10195771
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The efficacy of recombinant Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen (rPA) produced in Bacillus subtilis and formulated in Alhydrogel or MPL-TDM-CWS (Ribi adjuvant) has been tested and compared to the licensed UK human vaccine in guinea pigs challenged by the aerosol route with the Ames strain of B. an...
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PMID: 9627938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that FA, Montanide ISA50 and Specol worked equally well in the s.c. and i.p. route, TiterMax functioned only when given i.p. and RIBI also did not perform up to par. The number of cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-4) producing spleen cells was significantly higher after injection o...
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PMID: 9613442
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have reported that adjuvant active principle of tubercle bacilli was a CWS fraction, and the details of chemical structure and adjuvantity of mycobacterial CWS were investigated in our research group. The application of BCG-CWS to cancer immunotherapy was also studied. In 1974, Prof. E. Lederer a...
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PMID: 9545698
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
H. pylori was shown to give rise to two colony forms: at normal pH the population was dominated by L colonies. One strain was chosen for further studies. Bacteria from L colonies retained VacA toxin and urease, did not invade or adhere to epithelial cells, and contained normal quantities of phosphat...
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PMID: 9175205
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fourty-five patients were treated with N-CWS with 39 followed for 12 to 60 months. Thirteen patients developed recurrence. The 1-year tumor free survival rate was 87.2% and that at 5 years was 66.7%. Thirty patients as treated with MMC serving as controll with 25 followed for the same duration, twel...
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PMID: 10920905
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Streptococci express arrays of adhesins on their cell surfaces that facilitate adherence to substrates present in their natural environment within the mammalian host. A consequence of such promiscuous binding ability is that streptococcal cells may adhere simultaneously to a spectrum of substrates,...
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PMID: 9167092
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Research in Microbiology (148)7 1997
Abstract
Cell wall regeneration of individual Candida albicans yeast and mycelial protoplasts was studied with confocal and electron microscopy using polyclonal antibodies and lectins. Quantitative measurements of the fluorescence emitted by individual protoplasts during the process of regeneration indicate...
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PMID: 9765844
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Immunology Letters (53)2-3 1996
Abstract
We now report studies designed to determine if the PyMSP-1 vaccine protects against challenge with sporozoites, the stage encountered in the field, and if immunization with a combination of the PyCSP and PyMSP-1 vaccines provides additive or synergistic protection against sporozoite challenge. In tw...
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PMID: 9024983
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results indicate that TF + N-CWS is beneficial as adjuvant therapy after surgical treatment of Stage I nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung....
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PMID: 8909308
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chinese Medical Journal (109)11 1996
Abstract
Abstract
We found no detectable amount of IL-12 in the serum throughout the entire time course. This suggests that a novel IFN-gamma inducing factor (IGIF) or another unknown IFN-gamma inducer may be working in place of IL-12 in the BCG-CWS system....
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PMID: 8656550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Environmental Health Perspectives (104 Suppl 3) 1996
Abstract
Mustard gas is known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on animal and human cells. In this report, 1,632 male Japanese who worked in poison gas factories at some time between the years 1927 and 1945 were studied to determine comparative risk for development of cancer, the ref...
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PMID: 8781369
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Periodontology 2000 (10) 1996
Abstract
Abstract
The serum antileukotoxin antibody response and protection against subsequent experimental challenge with Fusobacterium necrophorum were investigated in 30 steers vaccinated with crude F. necrophorum leukotoxoid. Culture supernatant of F. necrophorum, strain 25, containing leukotoxoid was concentrate...
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PMID: 8950830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biotherapy (9)4 1996
Abstract
The morphologic changes in PMNs induced by an i.p. injection of PSK, a polysaccharide from the mycelia of Coriolus versicolor, and tumor cells undergoing cell death, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy. Male C3H/He mice, 8-10 -weeks old, received an i.p. injection...
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PMID: 9012542
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of intratumoral administration of biological response modifiers (BRM) in induction of in vitro sensitized (IVS) cells for adoptive immunotherapy of the poorly immunogenic MCA 102 sarcoma and B16-BL6(BL6) melanoma. We used the bacterial immunoadjuvant Nocardia rubra cell...
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PMID: 8964655
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five adjuvants were tested for their effect on the immune response in guinea pigs to the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus strain B/Panama. Vaccines containing 924 micrograms of hemagglutinin antigen/ml were prepared at high and low doses of Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, Syntex...
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PMID: 7474883
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether the immunogenicity of a melanoma vaccine could be potentiated by DETOX, an adjuvant consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and purified mycobacterial cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Nineteen patients with resected stage III melanoma were immunized with a polyvalent melanoma antigen...
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PMID: 7639018
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Research in Microbiology (146)3 1995
Abstract
Electrophoretic mobility of secreted invertase (E.C. 3.2.1.26) from gelatin-immobilized yeast cells was analysed and compared with that of secreted invertase from freely suspended batch-grown cells. Invertase from immobilized cells showed a lower mobility after 24 h of incubation, in medium containi...
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PMID: 7569316
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The nef gene of an infectious molecular clone of SIVSMM isolate PBj14 was fused to the glutathione S-transferase gene of Schistosoma japonicum to generate plasmid pEMC100. The recombinant plasmid was placed in an aroA live vaccine Salmonella dublin strain, and the production of GST-Nef protein was i...
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PMID: 7811532
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have found the following: 1) Chronic bacterial foci in the upper airway is showing adverse effect on clinical course of sarcoidosis. Alpha-streptococcus is mainly detected. 2) The prevalence of chronic tonsillitis in sarcoidosis is high if compared with that among Japanese adults examined by rhin...
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PMID: 8046830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.