Abstract
More than 90% of venous malformations (VM) are associated with pain, which is presumed related to phlebolith formation and subsequent nociceptive mediator release. Increasing evidence supports a link between angiogenesis and nerve patterning. Since vascular malformations are aberrati...
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PMID: 20705529
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We reviewed several biomarkers that are associated with structural damage and biochemical cascades in the secondary injury or repair response to traumatic brain injury. Although some biomarkers are not specific to dTAI, they are nevertheless useful in elucidating its pathogenesis, making early diagn...
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PMID: 21150538
PDF is available here.
Michael Costigan,
Inna Belfer,
Robert S Griffin,
Feng Dai,
Lee B Barrett,
Giovanni Coppola,
Tianxia Wu,
Carly Kiselycznyk,
Minakshi Poddar,
Yan Lu,
Luda Diatchenko,
Shad Smith,
Enrique J Cobos,
Dmitri Zaykin,
Andrew Allchorne,
Pei-Hong Shen,
Lone Nikolajsen,
Jaro Karppinen,
Minna Männikkö,
Anthi Kelempisioti,
David Goldman,
William Maixner,
Daniel H Geschwind,
Mitchell B Max,
Ze'ev Seltzer and
Clifford J Woolf
Abstract
We performed a large-scale gene profiling experiment which plotted global expression changes in the rat dorsal root ganglion in three peripheral neuropathic pain models. This resulted in the discovery that the potassium channel alpha subunit KCNS1, involved in neuronal excitability, is constitutivel...
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PMID: 20724292
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We generated an ischemic infarction of the intrascleral portion of the optic nerve (ON) comparable to that which occurs in humans to investigate optic nerve axon degenerative events following optic nerve infarct and the potential for axon re-growth. Animals were euthanized at different times post in...
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PMID: 20621651
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To assess integration of a biosynthetic corneal implant in dogs.
Three normal adult laboratory Beagles underwent ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, applanation tonometry, and Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry. Biosynthetic corneas fabricated from glutaral...
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PMID: 20539221
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Astrocytic damage reflected by elevated CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein is a clinically relevant, primary pathologic process in neuromyelitis optica, and is far more severe than demyelination....
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PMID: 20644148
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared two genetic mouse models exhibiting relatively selective axonal or myelin deficits using quantitative MRI relaxography of the transverse relaxation times (T2) in vivo and ultrastructural morphometry. In HM-DKO mice, which lack genes encoding the heavy (NF-H) and medium (NF-M) subunits of...
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PMID: 20226865
PDF is available here.
Abstract
PURPOSE. To test the long-term effects and systemic exposure level after single or multiple bevacizumab (Avastin) intravitreal injections in newborn rabbit eyes. METHODS. Four groups of newborn New Zealand rabbits received a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection at a concentration of 1.25 mg/0.0...
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PMID: 20181842
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present the first comparative analysis of serum immunoglobulin G reactivity profiles against the full spectrum of human myelin-associated proteins in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy control subjects. In both groups, serum antibodies display a consistent and prominent reaction to alphaB-cr...
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PMID: 20535035
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of reduced fetal oxygen supply on cerebral white matter in the adult offspring and further assess its susceptibility to postnatal hypoxia and high-fat diet. Based on a 3 x 2 full factorial design consisting of three factors of maternal hypoxia,...
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PMID: 20417619
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the impact of this absence of sensory input on the development of the primary visual cortex (V1) in early postnatal Crx-/- mice, before wiring of the visual system is complete, and in adulthood. We revealed that Crx-/- mice did not exhibit gross anatomical differences in V1; however, the...
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PMID: 20034544
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that VHL peptide-delivered MSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells, and that engrafted VHL peptide-delivered MSCs more recovered the behaviors of the rats than that of nondelivered MSCs. Our result suggests that the use of VHL peptide-delivered MSCs would be a promising therapeutic strate...
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PMID: 20125055
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to study the relation between degree of WMLs rated on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of structural biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical vascular dementia.
Fifty-three non-demented elderly individual...
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PMID: 19845747
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our study demonstrates that minimal volumes of unstimulated diagnostic marrow tap forms a minimally invasive and reliable source for isolation of BMMNCs to establish cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and expand them. The plasticity observed in these cells towards mesenchymal (adipogenic, osteogenic...
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PMID: 19947916
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Compound muscle action potential responses were not different 8 weeks after end-to-side as compared with end-to-end coaptation. Double fluorescence of spinal motoneurons (L4-L6) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (L4-L6) elucidated events of collateral sprouting of sensory and motor donor axons. Morph...
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PMID: 20173551
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Morphology in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by lateral head rotation was investigated. SD rats were divided into injury (n=9) and sham (n=3) groups. A device was used to produce lateral rotational acceleration of the rats' heads. At different survival times three rats were killed for light and electro...
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PMID: 20514926
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated a significant weight loss of parotid gland tissue, a marked decrease in 3H-thymidine incorporation, a decreased volume of saliva and amylase activity of the glandular tissue in response to PEF. Animals received intraperitoneal injection of PEF (20 mg/100 g body weight daily) for 3 an...
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PMID: 19937634
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used sequence homology searches to predict a human homologue (RGNEF), and RT-PCR to determine the expression of mRNA in ALS and neuropathologically normal control tissues. Gel shift assays determined the interaction of RGNEF with human NFL mRNA in vitro, while IP-RT-PCR and gel shift assays were...
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PMID: 19488899
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that MSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood (MSC(hUCBs)) are capable of expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nurr1, markers typically associated with DA neurons. We also found differential phosphorylation of TH isoforms indicating the presence of post-translational mechanisms possi...
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PMID: 20195526
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that exposure of cultured adult rat sensory neurons to 4-HNE would result in the formation of amino acid adducts on mitochondrial proteins and that this process would be associated with impaired mitochondrial function and axonal regeneration. In addition, we compared 4-HNE-i...
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PMID: 19557324
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether these changes are improved by treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, zenarestat, in early-stage diabetic neuropathy of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Two weeks after the induction of diabetes mellitus by STZ treatment, zenarestat or a vehicle were given orall...
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PMID: 20045938
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present evidence that this tight regulation depends critically on post-transcriptionally regulated changes in NF mRNA transport, translation and stability. Recent studies have shown that post-transcriptional mechanisms modulate increases in NF gene transcription during axon regeneration to yield...
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PMID: 19906448
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesize that a panel of neuron-enriched proteins measurable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood should vastly improve clinical evaluation and therapeutic management of acute brain injuries. Previously, we developed such a panel based initially on the study of protein release from degenerat...
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PMID: 19811094
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation channels are active at resting membrane potential and thus are likely to contribute to neuronal excitability. Four HCN channel subunits (HCN1-4) have previously been cloned. The aim of the current study was to investigate the immunorea...
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PMID: 19820968
PDF is available here.
Abstract
With the goal of investigating dynamical features of hydrophobic cores of proteins over a wide range of temperatures, the chicken villin headpiece subdomain protein (HP36) was labeled at a "single" site corresponding to any one of the two C(delta)D(3) groups of leucine-69, which is located in a key...
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PMID: 19772361
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We transplanted the composite matrix between the stumps of severed spinal cords immediately following SCI. Twelve weeks after surgery, the functional recovery of the hindlimbs of operated rats was evaluated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating score and the cold spray test. Axonal r...
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PMID: 19413502
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that intrauterine endotoxin administration would lead to microstructural changes in the neonatal rabbit white matter in vivo that could be detected at birth using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Term newborn rabbit kits (gestational age 31 days) born to dams expose...
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PMID: 19745090
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These data indicate that large short-term RD in Rs1-KO mice, followed by a period of reattachment may cause a slight increase in photoreceptor cell death, but detachments do not accentuate the gliosis and neurite sprouting already present and may in fact reduce the size of existing retinal cavities....
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PMID: 19387072
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated T-cell infiltration, myelin clearance, microglial activation, and phagocytic activity distal to sites of axonal transection through analysis of the perforant pathway deafferented dentate gyrus in SJL mice that had received T cells specific for myelin basic protein (TMBP) or ovalbumin...
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PMID: 19606068
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Tree shrews are small mammals that bear some semblance to squirrels, but are actually close relatives of primates. Thus, they have been extensively studied as a model for the early stages of primate evolution. In this study, subdivisions of cortex were reconstructed from brain sections cut in the co...
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PMID: 19462403
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We focus on the IFs of glial cells (primarily GFAP) and neurons as well as their relationship to different neurodegenerative diseases....
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PMID: 19587456
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We treated rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) with neuronal differentiation induction media, typical unfolded protein response (UPR) was observed. BIP/GRP78 protein expression was time-dependently increased, and three branches of UPR were all activated. ATF6 increased the transcription of XBP1 w...
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PMID: 19322020
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This is the first report of multielectrode recordings from networks of cultured motor neurons. Neurons isolated from the ventral horns of spinal cords of E15 rats were cultured on MED64 probes. The majority of the neurons in the cultures are positive for neurofilament, choline acetyltransferase, and...
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PMID: 19436229
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed new methods for differentiation of ranaviruses based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis of DNA polymerase and neurofilament triplet H1-like (NF-H1) protein gene. Using these methods, we were able to differentiate the 6 known ranaviruses--Bohle iridovirus (BIV),...
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PMID: 19694168
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We mechanically characterize a vertebral clamping strategy that enables the modeling of vertebral dislocation and distraction injuries--in addition to the standard contusion paradigm--in the rat cervical spine. These vertebral clamps have a stiffness of 83.6+/-18.9 N/mm and clamping strength 64.7+/-...
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PMID: 19383514
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We expressed the disease-causing mutants NFL and NFL in motor neurons of dissociated spinal cord-dorsal root ganglia and demonstrated that they are incorporated into the preexisting neurofilament network but eventually disrupt neurofilaments without causing significant motor neuron death. Importantl...
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PMID: 19458545
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that PEG promotes preservation of cytoskeletal proteins associated with white matter protection and neurobehavioral recovery after SCI. In proof-of-principle experiments using a pin-drop organotypic culture model of SCI, PEG attenuated neural cell death. Adult rats underwent 35-g cli...
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PMID: 19458542
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We induced transport defects by deletion of the kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) subunit of the anterograde motor kinesin-1. We found that upon aging, early selective axonal transport defects in mice lacking the KLC1 protein (KLC1-/-) led to axonopathies with cytoskeletal disorganization and abnormal ca...
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PMID: 19420244
PDF is available here.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transcription of cytoskeleton protein genes in differentiation of neurons from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and to explore the possibility of setting up a method to screen small molecules with promoting or inhibiting effect. M...
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PMID: 19504631
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose the interim designation "mucosal Schwann cell 'hamartoma'" to avoid confusion with the neural lesions that have significant associations with inherited syndromes....
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PMID: 19065103
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Ophthalmoscopy showed a retinal detachment with a giant tear in the right eye, and a nonpigmented epithelial detachment with pars plicata breaks in the left eye. Bilateral findings included an empty vitreous and a vitreous membrane at the equator. The systemic abnormalities included short stature an...
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PMID: 19089441
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of Schwann cell-derived ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and addressed the question as to whether it plays a role in the development of axonal damage observed in the disease, with aging. Ciliary neu...
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PMID: 19525893
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have used the dominant interfering HLH dimerization mutant 13I to model the impact of Id inhibition in two human neuroblastoma cell lines: LA-N-5, similar to immature neuroblasts, and SH-EP, resembling more immature precursor cells. We have validated 13I as an Id inhibitor by showing that it sele...
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PMID: 19330020
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have investigated the role of the UPS following mild to moderate in vitro axonal stretch injury to mature primary cortical neurons, a model of the evolving axonal pathology characteristic of diffuse axonal injury following brain trauma. Transient axonal stretch injury in this model does not invol...
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PMID: 19416018
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found an early microglial response, with the highest increase of isolectin B4 (IB4) and Iba1 expression at 3 days, and a slower and progressive response of astrocytes, shown by increasing expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) during the 28 days studied. Accumulation of phosphorylat...
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PMID: 19331524
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested a broad panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies to identify marker antigens appropriate for the development of a sensitive test system. Western blot analysis using organ-specific samples from cow, pig, and chicken and differently processed meat products containing defined amo...
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PMID: 19517736
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed immunohistochemistry to count myenteric neurons and glial cells in paraffin sections of human colon. Serial cross sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded full-thickness normal human left colon (n = 10, age-range: 50-72 years) were examined. HuC/D and S100beta antigens were found to...
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PMID: 19322590
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe and permanent functional deficits due to the primary mechanical insult followed by secondary tissue degeneration. The cascade of secondary degenerative events constitutes a range of therapeutic targets which, if successfully treated, could significant...
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PMID: 19320007
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the neurotoxicity of diazinon oxon (DZO), a major in vivo metabolite of the phosphorothionate insecticide diazinon (DZ), on differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. When used at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 microM, DZO did not cause cell death but it impair...
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PMID: 18633600
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fluoro-Jade (FJ) and its derivatives are widely used for histological staining of neurons undergoing neurodegeneration. With this dye, the entire structure of these neurons can be stained in a fast and reliable way in histopathological slices of the brain, with results comparable to those obtained w...
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PMID: 18815771
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the anatomical characteristics of the mouse visual system through in situ hybridization for the neuronal activity marker zif268. Our main goal was to delineate the full extent of the cortical region processing visual information and additionally to identify the monocularly and binocu...
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PMID: 19260069
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have used antibodies against high- and medium-weight neurofilament proteins (NF-H and NF-M) to re-examine enteric neurons in the guinea-pig. NF-H immunoreactivity occurred in all type II neurons (identified by their IB4 binding) but these neurons were never NF-M-immunoreactive. On the other hand,...
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PMID: 19082842
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined cell tropism of RV and the roles of neuronal cytoskeletal components in the production of viral nucleoprotein (N protein) using cultured nerve cells and non-neuronal cells from DRG of newborn mice. Our in vitro study demonstrated a low propagation rate of RV in nerve cells, susceptibilit...
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PMID: 19358445
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated NEFL in 223 Japanese CMT patients who were negative for PMP22, MPZ, GJB1, LITAF, EGR2, GDAP1, MTMR2 and PRX in the demyelinating form and negative for MFN2, MPZ, GJB1, HSP27, HSP22 and GARS in the axonal form. We detected four heterozygous missense mutations--Pro8Leu, Glu90Lys, Asn98...
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PMID: 19158810
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We correlated clinical features, immunoglobulin (Ig) M blood levels, IgM deposition and axonal degeneration in skin biopsies of anti-MAG neuropathy patients. By confocal microscopy, IgM deposits were found exclusively within perineurium-enclosed nerves; they were not found on single, non-perineurium...
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PMID: 19151627
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined this issue with respect to the medium neurofilament protein (NF-M). Because the integrity of NF heteropolymers depends upon maintaining properly balanced expression among multiple subunits, we have now extended this analysis to include the four light NF subunits - peripherin, the light N...
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PMID: 19027722
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluate the collective evidence to date regarding how neurofilament C-terminal phosphorylation may regulate axonal transport. We present a few suggestions for further experimentation in this area, and expand upon previous models for axonal NF dynamics. We present evidence that the NFs that displ...
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PMID: 19554281
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to establish spatial and temporal relationships between neural stem-cell development and the activity of MMPs in the adult brain hippocampus. Our results show that post ischemic acceleration in the proliferation of progenitors in the dentate gyrus is accompanied by increased activity of MMP...
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PMID: 19325641
PDF is available here.