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Otx Transcription Factors (0):
Recent article
Otx Transcription Factors
Abstract
We show that spontaneous calcium spike activity in the hindbrain of developing Xenopus laevis larvae modulates the specification of serotonergic neurons via regulation of expression of the Lmx1b transcription factor. Activity acts downstream of Nkx2.2 but upstream of Lmx1b, leading to regulation of...
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PMID: 20670838
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We have studied the spatial and temporal expression of the two homeobox genes OTX2 and OTX1 in human fetal brains from 7 to 14 weeks postconception by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. OTX2 was expressed in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and choroid plexus, with a minor expression in...
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PMID: 20354145
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate elevated expression of the transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 in A10 dopaminergic neurons of embryonic and adult mouse, primate and human midbrain. Overexpression of orthodenticle homeobox 2 using lentivirus increased levels of known A10 elevated genes, including neuropilin...
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PMID: 20573704
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (342)1 2010
Abstract
In the mouse, the Otx2 gene has been shown to play essential roles in the visceral endoderm during anterior-posterior axis formation and head induction. While these are primary processes in vertebrate embryogenesis, the visceral endoderm is a tissue unique to mammals. Two enhancers (VE and CM) have...
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PMID: 20353765
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (136)15 2009
Abstract
We show that Otx2 provides the crucial anterior-posterior positional information for the generation of red nucleus neurons in the murine midbrain. Moreover, the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6-1 controls the proper development of the red nucleus and of the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus neur...
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PMID: 19592574
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (136)15 2009
Abstract
We show that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is activated in the differentiating mouse RPE. Cre-mediated, RPE-specific disruption of beta-catenin after the onset of RPE specification causes severe defects, resulting in microphthalmia with coloboma, disturbed lamination, and mislocalization of adherens...
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PMID: 19553286
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We will focus on the control exerted by Otx genes in early decisions regulating the differentiation of progenitors located in the ventral midbrain. In this context, the regulatory network involving Otx functional interactions with signalling molecules and transcription factors required to promote or...
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PMID: 19731548
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Vision (15) 2009
Abstract
We used the new selector technique, MLGA (multiplex ligation-dependent genome amplification), to confirm deletions in two genes, SOX2 (SRY [sex determining region Y]) box 2) and OTX2 (orthodenticle homeobox 2), in individuals with developmental eye disease. We conclude that MLGA has the potential to...
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PMID: 19641633
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Vision (15) 2009
Abstract
Mutations in OTX2 have been reported in association with major developmental malformations of the eye, with retinal dystrophies such as LCA, and with pituitary dysfunction and seizure activity in some cases. This case adds further support for a role of OTX2 both in retinal development and pituitary...
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PMID: 19956411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that expression of the jellyfish PaxB gene in mouse embryonic eye tissues impairs normal development of lens and retina. Our data show that PaxB misexpression leads to a downregulation of endogenous Pax6 protein in the prospective lens and in subsets of cells within the inner nuclear layer o...
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PMID: 19378250
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (325)1 2009
Abstract
To assess evolutional changes in the expression pattern of Otx paralogues, expression analyses were undertaken in fugu, bichir, skate and lamprey. Together with those in model vertebrates, the comparison suggested that a gnathostome ancestor would have utilized all of Otx1, Otx2 and Otx5 paralogues...
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PMID: 18848537
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We submit the hypothesis that this effect may be due to altered calcium dynamics, which in turn alter cytoskeleton dynamics: the asters, in fact, appear strongly positive to the OTX2 immunoreaction, in both control and exposed samples. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments seem to supply evidence to the...
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PMID: 18224450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)37 2008
Abstract
We further investigated the neurological consequences of Otx2 inactivation in adult En1(cre/+); Otx2(flox/flox) mice. Adult En1(cre/+); Otx2(flox/flox) mice showed increased serotonin (5-HT) levels in the pons, ventral midbrain, hippocampus (CA3 subfield), and cerebral cortex, as indicated by HPLC a...
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PMID: 18784307
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1223) 2008
Abstract
We demonstrate that Exorh has an important role in regulating gene transcription within the pineal. In developing embryos that lack Exorh, expression of the exorh gene itself and of the melatonin synthesis gene serotonin N-acetyl transferase 2 (aanat2) are significantly reduced. This suggests that t...
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PMID: 18597743
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We find that maturation of the parvalbumin (PV)-cell network that controls plasticity onset is regulated by a selective re-expression of the embryonic Otx2 homeoprotein. Visual experience promoted the accumulation of non-cell-autonomous Otx2 in PV-cells, and cortical infusion of exogenous Otx2 accel...
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PMID: 18692473
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A surprising new mechanism that regulates the plasticity of postnatal neurons is reported in this issue by Sugiyama et al. (2008). These authors show in mice that visual experience triggers cell-to-cell transfer of the homeoprotein Otx2 to cortical interneurons, where it promotes maturation of inhib...
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PMID: 18692461
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)31 2008
Abstract
The diversity of cell types found within the vertebrate CNS arises in part from action of complex transcriptional programs. In the retina, the programs driving diversification of various cell types have not been completely elucidated. To investigate gene regulatory networks that underlie formation a...
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PMID: 18667607
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (237)5 2008
Abstract
We studied Oikopleura dioica, a larvacean urochordate that retains a chordate body plan as adults. Transcription factor expression domains revealed AP regionalization of the endostyle, with expression of Otx rostrally, Hox1 caudally, and two Pax2/5/8 paralogs centrally. Comparative analysis suggeste...
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PMID: 18386819
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed the upstream signaling of Xenopus Rax (also known as Rx1) and identified the Otx2 and Sox2 proteins as direct upstream regulators of Rax. We revealed that endogenous Otx2 and Sox2 proteins bound to the conserved noncoding sequence (CNS1) located approximately 2 kb upstream of the Rax pro...
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PMID: 18385377
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We applied immunoprecipitation (IP) with a custom DNA tiling microarray containing many transcription factors important in development and cancer (for example homeotic genes; N=683 total genes) to explore the relationship between H3K9Me3 and other histone modifications with the differential expressi...
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PMID: 17968314
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Research (60)4 2008
Abstract
We here demonstrate that the area of corticospinal neurons shifted caudo-medially in the Otx1-null mice of which cortex is 9 tenths in size compared with that of the wild-type littermates, while the whole visual cortex did not convert to the sensorimotor cortex in the absence of Otx1. This suggests...
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PMID: 18294714
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research Bulletin (75)2-4 2008
Abstract
We concluded that forebrain regionalization and gene expression occurred in the following order: Xotx2-->Xsix3-->Xrx (&Xfez1)-->Xbf1-->Xemx1. Xsix3 seems to be very important for the initial parcellation of telencephalon, retinal and diencephalon areas....
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PMID: 18331885
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (315)2 2008
Abstract
We have used global gene expression analysis in late pupal heads to better characterize the post-embryonic functions of Otd in Drosophila. We have identified 61 genes that are differentially expressed between wild type and a viable eye-specific otd mutant allele. Among them, about one-third represen...
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PMID: 18241855
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that such changes in otd mRNA expression and localization do not need to represent large phylogenetic distances but can occur even within closely related taxa. We show maternal otd expression in the medfly Ceratitis capitata and maternally localized otd mRNA in the caribfly Anastrepha...
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PMID: 19021740
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Endocrinology (22)1 2008
Abstract
We show that Otx5 regulates the second zfRev-erbalpha promoter, ZfP2. Despite the absence of a classical Otx-binding site within ZfP2, this regulation depends on the integrity of the Otx5 homeodomain. Mapping experiments as well as EMSAs show that this interaction between Otx5 and ZfP2 depends on a...
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PMID: 17872382
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assume that the above regulatory genes are multifunctional and control not only transdifferentiation of RPE cells (the key stage of retina regeneration) but also differentiation of regenerating retina cells. The results of this study, demonstrating coexpression of Pax6, Six3, Fgf2, betaII-tubulin...
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PMID: 18771023
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Molecular Genetics (18)1 2008
Abstract
We have been studying the mechanisms that control BEST1 expression, and recently demonstrated that members of the MITF-TFE family modulate BEST1 transcription. The human BEST1 upstream region from -154 to +38 bp is sufficient to direct expression in the RPE, and positive-regulatory elements exist be...
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PMID: 18849347
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (135)2 2008
Abstract
We have identified and analyzed the major enhancer of FoxE3 (Lens1), a gene essential for lens formation that is activated in the presumptive lens ectoderm (PLE) when commitment to the lens fate occurs. Deletion and mutation analyses of the enhancer based on comparison of Xenopus and mammalian seque...
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PMID: 18057103
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
TH+ cells derived from the BG01V2 hESC line using SDIA are postmitotic and have functional characteristics of normal dopaminergic neurons....
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PMID: 19096132
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (312)2 2007
Abstract
We show here one significant regulatory change. Tbrain is required for correct otxbeta1/2 expression in the sea star but not in the sea urchin. In sea urchin, tbrain is not co-expressed with otxbeta1/2 and instead has an essential role in specification of the embryonic skeleton. Tbrain in these echi...
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PMID: 17956756
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the possible involvement of OTX2, a homeobox gene crucial for forebrain development, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The disruption of this gene results in cortical malformations and causes serotonergic and dopaminergic cells in the midbrain to be expressed...
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PMID: 17541950
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously reported that Otx2 is essential for photoreceptor cell fate determination; however, the functional role of Otx2 in postnatal retinal development is still unclear although it has been reported to be expressed in retinal bipolar cells and photoreceptors at postnatal stages. In this study...
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PMID: 17908793
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEBS Letters (581)27 2007
Abstract
We performed both intra- and interspecific comparisons of the Otx gene in the sea urchin to investigate DNA variations within the enhancer elements. Intraspecific comparisons within Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus showed that indel variations were rare within the Otx enhancer, whereas SNP variations were...
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PMID: 17959173
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Cell Research (313)19 2007
Abstract
We have cultivated highly uniform populations of neural precursor cells, which retain their region-specific identities, from various rat embryonic brain regions. The roles of the proneural basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors neurogenin2 (Ngn2) and Mash1 in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuron dif...
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PMID: 17936272
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show here that mice deficient in Dmbx1 exhibit severe leanness associated with hypophagia and hyperactivity and that isolation of a Dmbx1(-/-) mouse from its cohabitants induces self-starvation, sometimes leading to death, features similar to those of anorexia nervosa in humans. Interestingly, ov...
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PMID: 17873059
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (134)17 2007
Abstract
We show that, before ZLI formation, both Otx1l and Otx2 (collectively referred to as Otx1l/2) are expressed in spatially restricted domains. Formation of both the ZLI and the Irx1b-positive thalamus require Otx1l/2; embryos impaired in Otx1l/2 function fail to form these areas, and, instead, the adj...
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PMID: 17670791
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (134)17 2007
Abstract
We directly examined this in a fate mapping experiment using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with an FP cell-specific surface marker, and demonstrate that mesencephalic FP cells have neurogenic activity and generate mesDA neurons in vitro. By contrast, sorted caudal FP cells have no neuro...
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PMID: 17670789
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Rhodopsin kinase (RK) is a conserved component of the light adaptation and recovery pathways shared among rod and cone photoreceptors of a variety of species. To gain insight into transcriptional mechanisms driving RK and potentially other genes of similar spatial profile, the components and the int...
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PMID: 17524610
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A girl with aniridia, microphthalmia, microcephaly and café au lait macules was found to have mutations in PAX6, NF1 and OTX2. A novel PAX6 missense mutation (p.R38W) was inherited from her mother whose iris phenotype had not been evident because of ocular neurofibromatosis. Analysis of the NF1 gen...
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PMID: 17406642
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (307)2 2007
Abstract
We now demonstrate that the activity of the Anf homeodomain protein is necessary and sufficient for the anterior inhibition of Otx2 and Pax6. Specifically, we show that knockdown of the Xenopus laevis Anf, Xanf, by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides results in the anterior expansion of Otx2 and P...
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PMID: 17511981
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Otx2 and Crx are vertebrate orthologs of the orthodenticle family of homeobox genes, which are involved in retinal development. In this study, the temporal expression patterns of Otx2 and Crx in the rat retina during embryonic and postnatal stages of development were analyzed in detail. This confirm...
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PMID: 17467693
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuro-Oncology (9)3 2007
Abstract
We studied mRNA expression of GLI1 as a marker of the SHH pathway activation, and nuclear beta-catenin staining, beta-catenin mutations, and mRNA expression of MYC as indicators of the WNT pathway status. In 15 cases, we also examined expression of OTX2, a transcription factor recently indicated as...
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PMID: 17522332
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed EMSA analysis using two different regions from the distal enhancer and nuclear protein extracts from embryos. The results showed that in the presence of a Bicoid consensus binding site a DNA-protein complex can be formed. The identification of the proteins involved in this complex by ma...
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PMID: 17499211
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research Bulletin (73)1-3 2007
Abstract
We investigated the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the developing rat thalamus by immunohistochemistry, using light, confocal and electron microscopy. We also examined the relationship between the expression of the homeoprotein Otx2, a transcription factor implicated in brain region...
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PMID: 17499638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here the full-length cloning of Aanat1, Aanat2, SmHiomt and Otx5 (orthodenticle homeobox homolog 5) in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, Sm), a flatfish belonging to an evolutionary recent group of Teleost. The temporal expression pattern of the genes investigated is consistent with the id...
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PMID: 17561818
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The expression of an Otx homolog in the indirectly developing polychaete Hydroides elegans was characterized during embryo, trochophore, and feeding-larva stages. In the animal hemisphere, HeOtx is first expressed in 1q(12) blastomeres and their immediate descendants. Such discrete embryonic animal...
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PMID: 17431669
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (26)6 2007
Abstract
We have previously identified a series of enhancers that are responsible for driving the Otx2 expression in these contexts. Among them the AN enhancer, existing 92 kb 5' upstream, directs Otx2 expression in anterior neuroectoderm (AN) at the headfold stage. Analysis of the enhancer mutant Otx2(Delta...
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PMID: 17332747
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (303)1 2007
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) synthesized by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) is required in forebrain development. Deficiency in RA due to inactivation of the mouse Raldh2 gene or to complete absence of retinoids in vitamin-A-deficient (VAD) quails, leads to abnormal mo...
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PMID: 17184764
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We first identified the sources of the FGF signal by examining the expression of brain markers Hr-Otx and Hr-ETR-1 in embryos in which FGF signaling is locally inhibited by injecting individual blastomeres with morpholino oligonucleotide against Hr-FGF9/16/20, which encodes an endogenous brain induc...
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PMID: 17216525
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We detect a morphogenetic boundary between the converging and extending trunk neuroectoderm and the anterior otx-expressing head neuroectoderm that does not elongate. Our comparative analysis uncovers striking similarities but also differences between convergent extension in the polychaete and in th...
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PMID: 17301244
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Endocrinology (21)2 2007
Abstract
We examine transgenic mice, generated with -356/+28 bp and -249/+28 bp of the mGnRH gene. Both fragments of mGnRH promoter target ovarian expression of the luciferase transgene, but neuronal luciferase activity is detected only in the mice bearing the -356-bp fragment, suggesting that the DNA sequen...
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PMID: 17095579
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (301)2 2007
Abstract
We explore the role of the hypoblast (the chick equivalent of the AVE) in the early steps of neural induction and patterning. We report that the hypoblast can induce a set of very early markers that are later expressed in the nervous system and in the forebrain, but only transiently. Different combi...
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PMID: 17010966
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether the human MBX gene was associated with susceptibility to microphthalmia by analyzing four Korean families demonstrating microphthalmia with congenital cataract. Mutational analysis was performed on the human MBX gene using these families. However, no mutations could be detect...
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PMID: 17990594
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that engrailed homology region 1 (eh1)-like motifs of both transcription factors physically interact with the WD40 domain of Groucho/Tle corepressor proteins. In addition, heat shock-induced expression of wild-type and mutant Otx2 and Gbx2 in medaka embryos demonstrates that Groucho is requi...
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PMID: 17060451
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate the role of HDACs in the developing mammalian retina, a general inhibitor of HDACs, trichostatin-A (TSA), was used to treat newborn murine retinae in explant cultures. Inhibition of HDAC activity resulted in a reduction in RNA levels for genes that regulate retinal development, as wel...
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PMID: 17603891
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We generated a new mouse line harbouring an insertion of the GFP gene within the Otx2 coding sequence to monitor the gene activity while preserving most of its functions. Our results demonstrate that this line represents a convenient tool to capture the dynamics of Otx2 gene expression from early em...
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PMID: 17980036
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Here we describe a new method to introduce DNA into the chick hypoblast, using lipofectamine-mediated transfection. We show that the hypoblast can be easily transfected and that it starts to express a luciferase reporter within 2 hours of transfection. The validity of technique is tested by followin...
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PMID: 17407554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that seabream aanat2 is a clock-controlled gene that is regulated by conserved mechanisms....
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PMID: 17184485
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that zebrafish and fugu FM regions drive expression not only in the forebrain and midbrain but also in the anterior neuroectoderm at headfold stage. The analysis of coelacanth and skate genomic Otx2 orthologues suggests that the utilization of the two enhancers, AN and FM, is an ancestral co...
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PMID: 17159156
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.