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Comb and Wattles (0):
Recent article
Comb and Wattles
Biology Letters (7)3 2011
Abstract
We used descriptive data from 674 females in 10 populations and an experimental removal of Trichostrongylus tenuis parasites in four populations, to examine the effects of season, age, condition, and parasites on the size of supra-orbital combs displayed by female red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus...
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PMID: 21247939
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We test in the fowl, Gallus gallus, whether males adjust their sperm velocity by differentially allocating seminal fluid to copulations with attractive and unattractive females. To disentangle the contributions of sperm and seminal fluid to sperm velocity, we separated and remixed sperm and seminal...
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PMID: 19586951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (52)4 2008
Abstract
Ten-to-14-day-old replacement chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck with a Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterin. A few days later, 40% of the flock developed cellulitis of the head. Birds were submitted for diagnostic investigation between 4 and 6 wk of age. Histology revealed lesions in...
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PMID: 19166067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Naturwissenschaften (95)2 2008
Abstract
I investigated whether comb characteristics, and in particular, comb colour, indicated immuno-competence in free-living male red grouse. I assessed T-cell-mediated immunity using a standardised challenge with phytohaemagglutinin. Red grouse combs reflect in the red and in the ultraviolet spectrum of...
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PMID: 17898979
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nutrition Journal (7)1 2008
Abstract
WOMAC pain (primary efficacy variable) was similar in both study groups (mean [SD]) with 6.6 (4.0) points in the AP group and 6.4 (2.7) in the placebo group (P = 0.943). As compared with baseline, subjects in both groups showed statistically significant improvements in WOMAC pain, stiffness, physica...
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PMID: 18208600
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (170)5 2007
Abstract
We show in the fowl Gallus gallus, where social status determines copulation success, that dominant males produce more sperm than subordinates but that the quality of dominant males' sperm decreases over successive copulations, whereas that of subordinates remains constant. Experimentally manipulati...
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PMID: 17926297
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (51)2 2007
Abstract
A cutaneous mycosis caused by Candida albicans that involved the combs and less frequently the wattles, facial skin, ear lobes, and neck of male broiler breeders is described. Roosters were 35 wk old and housed with hens in two conventional broiler breeder houses on a farm in western North Carolina....
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PMID: 17626496
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (169 Suppl 1)s1 2007
Color signals in the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix): signal properties and their condition dependency.
Abstract
We present how the color spectra data can be comprehensively used for studying the importance of sexual ornaments in the black grouse and how these ornaments are related to a male condition. For this, we used both correlative field and experimental data. Field data indicated that older males had mor...
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PMID: 19426093
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Life Sciences (78)15 2006
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) has been reported to bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and also to act as a xenoestrogen on the reproductive system of many species. In our previous study, a high dose of BPA disturbed the growth of the comb and testes of male chickens. In this study, the exposure of relatively lo...
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PMID: 16297413
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (84)11 2005
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were to estimate the heritability of the fluctuating asymmetry in chickens, using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure, and to evaluate the effects of age and sex on the fluctuating asymmetry. Leg, wing, and feather lengths and ear-lobe and wattle areas were...
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PMID: 16463965
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hormones and Behavior (47)5 2005
Abstract
We investigated the role of testosterone in the regulation of aggression in a non-passerine bird, the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. Male red grouse are aggressive in early spring when breeding starts, in autumn when they establish territories, and sporadically through much of the winter. We f...
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PMID: 15811360
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A total of 500 combs of adult chickens from two different locations in Germany (Hessen and Schleswig-Holstein) were clinically and mycologically examined. The chickens came from three battery cages (n = 79), one voliere system (n=32), six flocks maintained on deep litter (n = 69) and 12 flocks kept...
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PMID: 15743428
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Autoimmunity (21)2 2003
Abstract
Smyth line chickens (SL) are an animal model to study human autoimmune vitiligo. Vitiligo in SL chickens is characterized by a post-hatch loss of feather melanocytes (MC) resulting in feather depigmentation. The etiopathology of this disease remains unclear, however, a hypothesis that cell-mediated...
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PMID: 12935784
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (82)2 2003
Abstract
We hypothesized specific morphometric traits could predict differential fertility. Sixty primary broiler breeder males from Strains A and B (n = 30/strain) were individually housed with an average of 10 females per male. Male fertility and sperm penetration (SP) through the perivitelline layer were...
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PMID: 12619812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the growth of combs and testes of the male chickens exposed to BPA. White leghorn male chicks were administered 200 mg BPA orally every week from 2 wk of age. The combs and testes were examined at 16 wk of age. The body growth showed no significant difference between BPA-administered and...
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PMID: 12528833
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Significant improvement in pain symptoms (p < 0.0001), inflammation (p < 0.0001), VAS pain (p < 0.001) and SFV (p < 0.05) were observed after the 5 injections. Levels of PGE2 (p < 0.05) and C4S (p < 0.05) in the synovialfluid were significantly decreased. DISCUSSION: SI-6601D improved local clinical...
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PMID: 11491492
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The control animals showed no significant comb changes, while the PDT could cause blanching of the chicken comb in the experimental group. The histologic changes included damage of erythrocytes and endothelial cells, vascular rupture, hemorrhage or disappearance, denaturation of perivascular collage...
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PMID: 12539666
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vision Research (40)20 2000
Abstract
Illumination of a chick's eye allows light to pass through to the retina of the contralateral eye. Electroretinographic (ERG) recording employing the scalp or comb as a reference results in shorter implicit time, higher amplitude and lower sensitivity during the day than during the night in a light:...
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PMID: 10960657
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (78)12 1999
Abstract
Embryonic and posthatch long-term exposure to the odor of 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl-pyrazine (2M3IP) was examined for its potential physiological consequences as reflected in changes in BW and organ weights in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). Experiments were run from Day 1 of incubation to th...
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PMID: 10626656
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We did not find evidence regarding about the safety of HA obtained from streptococcus....
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PMID: 10642054
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
British Poultry Science (40)2 1999
Abstract
1. Divergent selection for comb shape (SH, the way that the cockerel bears the comb) was performed in 2 White Leghorn lines in a study aimed at assessing possibilities for improving SH. 2. Line A, selected for large comb size (CS) at 29 weeks of age, had great SH problems whereas Line H, selected fo...
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PMID: 10465387
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared comb size between male domestic chickens Gallus domesticus of lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (three lines: selected for low response or high response and a control line). The importance of comb size in inter- and intrasexual selection is well esta...
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PMID: 10200287
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (78)3 1999
Abstract
These results indicate that the DFR can be used as a delayed reaction model in the study of staphylococcosis in poultry....
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PMID: 10090260
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed an alternative method, based on gel permeation liquid chromatography, to examine the interaction of HA with microgram quantities of mucin. HA (from human umbilical cord or rooster comb) were fractionated using a Sepharose CL-4B column, before and after incubation with porcine gastric mu...
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PMID: 10741378
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (77)11 1998
Abstract
The time course of comb development and estrogen levels were compared in broiler (BX) and layer (LX) females that consumed feed ad libitum (A) or were subjected to quantitative feed restriction (R). The chicks were reared under short photoperiod [(6 h light (L):18 h dark (D)] until 22 wk of age. At...
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PMID: 9835330
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (63)2-4 1998
Abstract
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI restriction patterns was used to type 109 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus collected from broiler farms and hatcheries in Northern Ireland. Forty-seven isolates from clinical conditions in broilers and 62 strains from hatcheries, were examine...
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PMID: 9851005
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biophysical Journal (75)4 1998
Abstract
The extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan has been examined by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. High molecular weight hyaluronan was deposited on mica from dilute aqueous solution and imaged in air. Long unbranched chains could be observed and were found to be compatible with the known...
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PMID: 9746545
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Medicine (3)10 1997
Abstract
In an animal model with a spontaneous scleroderma-like disease we found a characteristic, sequential increase in type VI, type I, and type III procollagen transcripts, and we found evidence for the presence and altered ratio of two mRNA variants of alpha 2(I) procollagen, possibly caused by alternat...
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PMID: 9392002
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dermatologic Surgery (23)8 1997
Abstract
Nd:YAG laser irradiation resulted in deep (up to 6.1 mm) tissue photocoagulation, while CSC preserved the overlying epidermis and papillary dermis. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that CSC is effective in protecting the epidermis and papillary dermis, while achieving deep tissue photocoagulation...
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PMID: 9256909
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an in vivo experimental procedure, using a chicken comb animal model, and an infrared feedback system to deliver repetitive cryogen spurts (of the order of milliseconds) during continuous Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Gross and histologic observations show deep-tissue photocoagulation is achi...
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PMID: 9044411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (41)1 1997
Abstract
Comb necrosis with leg weakness was seen in 41-day-old female layer breeder chickens. This disease occurred in three flocks at a breeder farm, but not in other flocks of growing chickens and broiler breeder hens at the same farm. The disease started in 35-day-old chicks in three flocks. The morbidit...
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PMID: 9087344
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Anatomy (189 ( Pt 3)) 1996
Abstract
Comb and wattle tissues, which consist of layers of epidermis, dermis and central connective tissue, are known to contain sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate-dermatan sulphate copolymers. Little is known about distribution of these CAGs in each ti...
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PMID: 8982840
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (75)11 1996
Abstract
The effects of gonadal hormones, testosterone (Te) and estrogen (E2) as factors in the development of the immune system in two lines, high response (HC) and low response (LC), of broiler chickens divergently selected for early or late immune maturation were studied. For this purpose, plasma Te and E...
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PMID: 8933591
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (59)6 1996
Abstract
These results indicate that chicks of the feral strain may have more central and fewer peripheral receptors for testosterone or that their receptors for testosterone are more sensitive than those of the commercial strain. Alternatively, there may be strain, as well as sex, differences in the metabol...
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PMID: 8737896
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (75)6 1996
Abstract
ICI 176,334 is a nonsteroidal anti-androgen that has been shown to selectively block peripheral androgen receptors in rats and is presumed to do so in chickens. In chickens, androgens stimulate secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., comb), but inhibit growth and the immune tissues. The present stud...
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PMID: 8737842
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology of Reproduction (54)1 1996
Abstract
We have demonstrated that subfertility of R/R males is explicable in terms of reduced sperm transport through the hen's vagina; reduced sperm motility appears to be the major contributing factor....
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PMID: 8838014
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic androgen receptors (AR), were localized immunocytochemically in the comb, uropygial (preen) gland, testis, and epididymis of juvenile and adult cockerels. Androgen receptor immunoreactivity (AR-ir) was seen in the comb, in the stratum germinativum of the epidermis and in...
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PMID: 8713646
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (74)10 1995
Abstract
The effect of varying combinations of dietary CP, at 16, 18, and 20%, with ME, at 2,900 and 3,100 kcal ME/kg, on BW and feed conversion (FC) at 2 to 6 wk of age for a three-breed cross was evaluated. Additionally, effect of genotypes at the pea comb (P) and endogenous viral element 1 (ev1) loci on d...
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PMID: 8559720
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Parasitology (56)4 1995
Abstract
These results were significantly different (P < 0.01), indicating that the differences in accuracy previously recorded for the two methods are independent of time. The standard deviations for both methods were also statistically significantly different, suggesting that comb-counting is also more pre...
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PMID: 7754612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (73)6 1994
Abstract
Sperm metabolism and duration of fertility were compared between roosters homozygous (RR) and heterozygous (Rr) for the rose comb allele. In the absence or presence of Ca+2, a motility agonist, the metabolic rate of spermatozoa from RR males was 76 to 77% of that of spermatozoa from Rr males. In the...
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PMID: 8072931
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Poultry Science (35)1 1994
Abstract
1. Two-way selection for delayed-type hypersensitivity wattle reaction (DWR) competence to BCG antigen was carried out over 4 generations, using a flock of White Leghorn chickens. DWR was measured by intradermal injection of BCG into the wattle of chickens. 2. Selection for DWR was effective. The ge...
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PMID: 8199890
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tierarztliche Praxis (22)1 1994
Abstract
The comb size and comb colour of 84 hens (white and brown Hisex), living in battery cages or at free range were investigated. The main question was: does the comb size and colour correlate with the keeping systems i.e. with the quality and intensity of light and the ambient temperature? The results...
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PMID: 8165660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (73)2 1994
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan fractions isolated from either comb or wattle tissue were examined using ELISA for their antigenicities to AH12, a monoclonal antibody recognizing keratan sulfate. The results showed a positive antibody binding to a sulfated glycosaminoglycan fraction from either tissue. The treatm...
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PMID: 7511804
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology (105)3 1993
Abstract
These results demonstrate that, in contrast to previous findings in the pigeon, at least in the trigeminal of the chicken peripheral C-fibre nociceptors have similar physiological characteristics in relation to the neurogenic inflammatory mechanism to those seen in mammals....
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PMID: 7693391
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Histochemistry (99)3 1993
Abstract
In order to determine the changes in gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopaminergic activity within the brain during the onset of sexual precocity, a Halasz-like knife was developed to produce discrete parasagittal cuts in 2-week-old male broiler chicks. At 5 weeks of age, sexually precocio...
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PMID: 8098325
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (71)11 1992
Abstract
I and II, which were dermatan sulfates rich in L-iduronic acid, showed little or very weak antigenicities....
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PMID: 1437985
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (71)9 1992
Abstract
I to III. Fractions I and II were dermatan sulfate with relatively high proportions of L-iduronic acid (61 to 80%), but this uronic acid was a minor component (30%) in Fraction III, in which D-glucuronic acid was the major uronic acid. Digestion with testicular hyaluronidase suggested that most if n...
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PMID: 1409239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Eye Research (11)5 1992
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid from different sources, umbilical cord, vitreous, rooster comb and streptococcus, all exhibit a unique hydration behavior. Each hyaluronic acid and each different salt form has a maximum non-freezable water content at a set concentration beyond which the bound (non-freezable) water d...
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PMID: 1606836
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Poultry Science (33)1 1992
Abstract
1. Tamoxifen (TAM) administration advances puberty in cockerels. In the present study the effect of TAM administration on the sexual development of White Leghorn hens was studied. 2. Two-week-old White Leghorn females were injected intramuscularly with TAM on alternate days at doses of 0.1 mg (0.1 T...
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PMID: 1571794
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (71)2 1992
Abstract
The growth response of poultry to androgens is ambiguous, with both increases and decreases being reported. This may reflect the use of pharmacological doses. The present study examined the effect of physiological concentrations of androgens on growth of intact male, intact female, and castrated chi...
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PMID: 1546048
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tierarztliche Praxis (19)6 1991
Abstract
This study presents modifications of the common integument and specific integumental structures developed during the domestication process of different poultry species. These modifications include dewlaps, variations of the comb, ear lobes, and wattles, size and form variations of the beak, exuberan...
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PMID: 1796468
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (70)12 1991
Abstract
A flock of commercial Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens, diagnosed as having fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS), was surveyed to ascertain the relationship between comb color and selected FLHS characteristics. Twenty-eight hens with and without pale combs were selected from 14 cages for pai...
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PMID: 1784576
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (70)12 1991
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) fractions were isolated from papain digests of comb and wattle tissues of 52-wk-old Single Comb White Leghorn roosters and the chemical composition of each fraction was examined. Total GAG concentrations were greater in the comb than in the wattle tissue with the ratio of hya...
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PMID: 1784574
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Poultry Science (32)4 1991
Abstract
1. Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), comb size and body weight were measured between 46 and 208 d of age in intact and castrated cockerels from lines of selected and control Australorp domestic chickens. The selected line had been selected for increased rate of lay by reducing ovipo...
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PMID: 1933450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (70)7 1991
Abstract
The fertility of an individual rooster within a multi-sire flock may be influenced by a number of behavioral considerations, including frequency and timing of matings and the male's position in the social dominance hierarchy. The relationship between behavior and fertility has proven difficult to as...
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PMID: 1886859
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (70)7 1991
Abstract
Parasagittal knife cuts through the lateral hypothalamic area of 2-wk-old male broiler chicks induced precocious testes development. Two experiments were performed to determine whether hypothalamic biogenic amine levels in these chicks were changed by lateral hypothalamic deafferentation. In Experim...
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PMID: 1886872
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Heredity (82)2 1991
Abstract
Wide high cavernous nostrils are characteristic of all chicken breeds of the V-shaped duplex comb type, whereas all other breeds have slit-type nostrils, including the Sicilian Buttercup breed that has the buttercup-type duplex comb. Crosses between the Sicilian Buttercup and La Flèche breeds and s...
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PMID: 2013692
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Heredity (82)2 1991
Abstract
Allelism at the duplex comb locus was studied by means of crosses between the Sicilian Buttercup and La Flèche breeds of chickens and two single combed breeds. The horn V-shaped duplex comb of the La Flèche was shown to be inherited as an incomplete dominant when crossed with single comb birds, an...
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PMID: 2013691
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.