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Hindlimb (2):
Recent article
Hindlimb
Abstract
Finite-element analysis was used to investigate the extent of bias in the ichnological fossil record attributable to body mass. Virtual tracks were simulated for four dinosaur taxa of different sizes (Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus, Brachiosaurus and Edmontosaurus), in a range of subst...
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PMID: 21233145
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
To determine the effect of bone marrow stromal cells transplantation and vascular endothelial growth factor C administration as a treatment for secondary lymphedema.
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PMID: 21565926
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia (116)1 2011
Abstract
Our results document a conspicuous autonomic innervation projecting to the "classic" skeletal cranial tibial muscle. Probably this innervation is destined to the muscle vessels....
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PMID: 21898970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that therapeutic angiogenesis strategies utilizing cytokines and stem cells are necessary to treat traumatic vascular events such as critical limb ischemia and peripheral artery disease. In this study, basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and granuloc...
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PMID: 20712534
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (105)1 2011
Abstract
We investigated the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPx), and the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO) or total GSH in the paw tissues of CA...
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PMID: 21073761
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A variety of biomaterials have been introduced as potential substrates for cartilage repair. One such candidate is chitosan, which shares some characteristics with glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronic acid present in articular cartilage. Depending on chitosan source and preparation proce...
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PMID: 20878984
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
Dietary fish oil modulates skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition. Similar changes in heart membrane composition modulate myocardial oxygen consumption and enhance mechanical performance. The rat in vivo autologous perfused hindlimb was used to investigate the influence of membrane composit...
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PMID: 20691135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated the cellular angiogenic responses under hypoxic conditions and the process of perfusion recovery in the hindlimb ischemia model of APA-deficient (APA-KO; C57Bl6/J strain) mice. Western blotting of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the aorta of APA-KO mice revealed that the accumulat...
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PMID: 20946870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Simple objective assessment tools are essential to monitor the clinical efficacy of therapeutic interventions used in equine orthopaedics and rehabilitation. In human medicine, goniometry is a validated tool to quantify restrictions in joint range of motion (ROM); however, the technique is not valida...
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PMID: 21059080
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The myonuclear domain (MND) is the region of cytoplasm governed by a single myonucleus. Myonuclear domain size is an important factor for muscle fibre plasticity because each myonucleus has limitations in the capacity of protein synthesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that differences in MND si...
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PMID: 21059023
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It has been suggested that the heel of the horse's hoof expands in the stance phase and this reduces the concussion at impact and helps pump blood into the hoof. Therefore, farriers usually leave a gap in the heel region when using the traditional nailed shoe. Recently glued shoes which are attached...
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PMID: 21059041
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Autonomic Neuroscience (157)1-2 2010
Abstract
We briefly review our recent studies on the neural mechanisms of the reflex effects of acupuncture-like stimulation on heart rate in rats. In pentobarbital anesthetized rats, acupuncture-like stimulation of one of various segmental areas of the body (forelimb, chest, abdomen, hindlimb) invariably in...
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PMID: 20460195
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Canadian Veterinary Journal (51)11 2010
Abstract
Three 7-week-old, English cocker spaniel littermates were diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis with concurrent neurologic signs based on history, histopathology, and therapeutic response. The puppies were treated with cyclosporin A and prednisolone. Skin lesions and hindlimb paresis improved follo...
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PMID: 21286328
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) by transient limb ischemia leads to the release of a circulating factor(s) that induces potent myocardial protection. Intra-arterial injection of adenosine into a limb also leads to cardioprotection, but the mechanism of its signal...
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PMID: 20802131
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Indirect blood pressure measurements using high definition oscillometric (HDO) and Doppler devices were compared in 50 anaesthetised client-owned cats presented for various surgical procedures. Sites of cuff placement for Doppler were identified as forelimb and hindlimb and for HDO as forelimb and t...
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PMID: 20615734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (113)4 2010
A mouse model of ischemic spinal cord injury with delayed paralysis caused by aortic cross-clamping.
Abstract
The onset of paresis or paralysis and postsurgical mortality varied as a function of cross-clamp time and core temperature that was maintained during the period of cross-clamp. Using optimal surgical parameters (7.5-min cross-clamp duration at 33°C core temperature), the onset of paralysis is delay...
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PMID: 20808212
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (113)4 2010
Abstract
The current study demonstrates that the inhibition of caspase-1 reduces postsurgical sensitization and inflammation, likely through a caspase-1/interleukin-1β-dependent mechanism....
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PMID: 20823759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mean stride length was 88.4 cm. Mean stance time (ST) of forelimbs and hind limbs was 0.62 and 0.56 seconds, respectively. Mean stance time percentage (ST%; proportion of stance time to total gait cycle time) for forelimbs and hind limbs was 55.6% and 50.2%, respectively. Mean total pressure index (...
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PMID: 20807137
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the ability of MSC, exposed to short-term hypoxic conditions, to participate in vascular and tissue regeneration in an in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia. Transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned murine MSC (HypMSC) enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration at day 7, improved blood flow...
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PMID: 20551912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether CXCR4(+)BMSCs contribute to the angiogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. CXCR4(+)BMSCs were separated by using paramagnetic microbeads and cultured. RT-PCR and FACS analysis confirmed the gene expression phenotype. The uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLD...
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PMID: 20698779
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb muscles 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model.
The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 microg) into the left substantia nigra after stereotaxic surgery. Ad...
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PMID: 20820125
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurotrauma (27)8 2010
Abstract
We created a focal forelimb motor cortex injury in rats and found that axons from cell bodies located in the hindlimb motor cortex (spared by the cortical injury) become secondarily damaged in the spinal cord. To assess axonal degeneration in the spinal cord, we quantified silver staining in the cor...
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PMID: 20515316
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to explore the differences in modeling neuromuscular compartments compared with representing these muscles as a single line of action. When comparing the modeled neuromuscular compartments of biceps femoris, sartorius, and semimembranosus to representations of these muscles as a single line...
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PMID: 20670052
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Muscle strain injuries of the hindlimb in eight horses: diagnostic imaging, management and outcomes.
Abstract
To describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, management and outcome in horses with muscle tear injuries of the hindlimbs.
Retrospective case series Procedure Medical records of eight horses were reviewed and information on signalment, history, presenting complaint, physical examinatio...
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PMID: 20633169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Circulation Research (107)1 2010
Abstract
Altogether, these findings establish that CD146 isoforms display distinct functions in vessels regeneration. Selective improvement of therapeutic angiogenesis by shCD146 overexpression suggests a potential interest of shCD146-transduced EPCs for the treatment of peripheral ischemic disease....
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PMID: 20448216
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Compared with unimpeded walking, obstacle exercise significantly increased flexion of the elbow, carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints and extension in the carpal and stifle joints. Only uphill walking caused increased hip joint flexion and decreased stifle joint flexion; downhill walking caused less fl...
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PMID: 20594074
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Src kinase-mediated activation of STAT3 and subsequent angiogenic gene expression mediate the effects of integrin alpha v beta 5 and may be exploited to enhance the paracrine activities of CACs....
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PMID: 20431064
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The directed differentiation of hESCs is efficient and effective for the differentiation of functional endothelial cells from hESCs....
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PMID: 20431067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Turkish Neurosurgery (20)3 2010
Abstract
The umbilical cord cell transplanted animals showed a significant motor recovery compared to non-transplanted animals at 8 and 21 days after spinal cord injury (p=0.008). Significant GFAP and Ki-67 expressions were noted in transplanted animals (p=0.048) suggesting astroglial proliferation. CONCLUSI...
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PMID: 20669100
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously shown that the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) protein is highly upregulated in vascular endothelium in response to ischemia, and a global deletion of TNFR2 in mice blunts ischemia-induced arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the role of endothelial TNFR2 is not defi...
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PMID: 20395596
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibition can promote ischemia-induced angiogenesis.
Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was generated by resecting right femoral artery in wild-type C3H/He mice, treated with either vehicle or a PDE5 inhibitor vardenafil (10 mg/kg per day). F...
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PMID: 20413734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously reported a novel technology for the engineering of a capillary network using an optical lithographic technique. To apply this technology to the therapy of ischemic diseases, we tested human omental microvascular endothelial cells (HOMECs) as an autologous cell source and decellularized...
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PMID: 20431071
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
MR techniques have proven their ability to investigate skeletal muscle function in situ. Their benefit in terms of noninvasiveness is, however, lost in animal research, given that muscle stimulation and force output measurements are usually achieved using invasive surgical procedures...
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PMID: 20572140
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Inhibition of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) induces a fall in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which suggests that this subnucleus of the NTS is a source of sympathoexcitation. Exercise training reduces sympathetic acti...
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PMID: 20410480
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined the pressor and cardioaccelerator reflex responses to static contraction of hindlimb muscles whose femoral arteries were either occluded 72 h before contraction, occluded 3 min before contraction, or freely perfused. We found that the pressor reflex arising from the limb whose femoral...
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PMID: 20418475
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Our data imply that remote ischemic preconditioning improves the recovery from HCA. It provides a faster recovery of cortical neuronal activity and protection against potential oxygen radical-mediated ischemia damage during and after HCA. In addition, it seems to protect from a late phase lactate an...
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PMID: 20609771
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Arthritis & Rheumatism (62)7 2010
Abstract
Intraarticular injection of 0.03% carrageenan into rat knees produced acute synovitis, which was not associated with synovial angiogenesis and which resolved within 29 days. Injection of FGF-2 (6 pmoles) induced synovial angiogenesis without significant synovitis. Stimulation of angiogenesis with FG...
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PMID: 20309868
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present new data showing the whole leg musculature scales proportional to normal rat musculature in NST rats, regardless of function. This scaling is a prerequisite for the NST rats to most effectively use pattern generation mechanisms and motor patterns that are similar to those present in intac...
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PMID: 20536943
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Journal (184)3 2010
Abstract
Matrix Biology (29)5 2010
Abstract
We examine the effects of reduced loading of rat hindlimbs on articular cartilage expression of MMP-3, which not only digests matrix components but also activates other proteolytic enzymes. We show that hindlimb immobilization resulted in elevated MMP-3 mRNA expression at 6h that was sustained throu...
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PMID: 20153826
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the present study, it was investigated which components are responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (CdtV). The effect of crotoxin, as well as of other CdtV components was evaluated on edema, cell migration and alterations in leukocyte-endothelium in...
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PMID: 20034508
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Research (67)2 2010
Abstract
Although the rat has been the predominant rodent used to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), the increasing availability of transgenic animals has led to greater use of mouse models. However, behavioral assessment after SCI in mice has been less ex...
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PMID: 20188770
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a topological structure verification method to correct the long geodesic distance mismatch and a correspondence field smoothing method to correct the neighbors crossing mismatch. A robust 3D shape context model is generated and further combined with thin-plate spline model for non-rigid r...
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PMID: 20044235
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Cybernetics (102)6 2010
Abstract
A mathematical model of the locust hind leg extensor muscle is described. The model accounts for the force response of the muscle to well-separated input stimuli under isometric conditions. Experimental data was collected by stimulating the extensor muscle and measuring the force generated at the ti...
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PMID: 20339865
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Neurology (223)2 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the fate and the effects of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in mice after contusive lesion of the spinal cord (SCI). Reproducible traumatic lesion to the cord was performed at T8 level by means of the Infinite Horizon Device, and was followed b...
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PMID: 20100476
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We optimized the use of glycol chitosan-5beta-cholanic acid conjugates (HGC) as a novel protein delivery system in mouse embryonic limbs. To this purpose, we loaded HGC either with recombinant Noggin, or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The size, morphology and stability of the protein-loaded-HGC were de...
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PMID: 20116406
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide the first report that hind-limb dysfunction and extensive axonal damage can occur in mice 3weeks after acute dosing with a toxic compound, bromophenylacetylurea. Three weeks after acutely dosing mice with neuropathic OPs no clinical signs were observed, but distal lesions were present in...
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PMID: 20188121
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Graded levels of injury produced concomitant attenuations in hindlimb SEP amplitudes. Following injury, 25 and 50 mm groups together differed significantly from 12.5 and 6.25 mm groups (P < 0.01). From week 5, differences between 12.5 and 6.25 mm groups also became apparent (P < 0.01), which showed...
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PMID: 20354478
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the angiogenic bioactivity and therapeutic angiogenic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) administration by the heparin-functionalized nanoparticle-fibrin gel complex. The markedly increased bioactivity was observed by the VEGF-loaded nanoparticle-fibrin gel complex,...
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PMID: 20093158
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lab Animal (39)5 2010
Abstract
Pharmaceutical Research (27)5 2010
Abstract
The controlled release of rhVEGF from the combination system effectively protected muscles in ischemic regions from tissue necrosis. Interestingly, the number of newly formed, active blood vessels was significantly increased in mice treated with the rhVEGF-releasing combination system. CONCLUSION: A...
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PMID: 20221675
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The extremely high prevalence of multilimb lameness and its association with pain is of great concern. The multiple pathological abnormalities present in working horses makes lameness complex to address. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The results of this detailed study of lameness should facilitate the identi...
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PMID: 19642408
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hyaluronan modulates the proliferation and migration of rabbit fibroblasts derived from the flexor tendon epitenon and endotenon.
Copyright 2010 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20438995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (112)5 2010
Abstract
These results provide evidence that CCL2 contributes to the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity after plantar incision and establish a role for neural glial signaling in postoperative pain. The long-term effects of anti-CCL2 treatment correlate with reduced microglial activation. Spinal block...
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PMID: 20395830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Pain (11)4 2010
Abstract
We have developed a model in the rat, in which exposure to vibration (60-80Hz) induces, in skeletal muscle, both acute mechanical hyperalgesia as well as long-term changes characterized by enhanced hyperalgesia to a proinflammatory cytokine or reexposure to vibration. Exposure of a hind limb to vibr...
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PMID: 19962353
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesize that MSCs, in comparison to fibroblasts, survive better under hypoxic conditions in vitro and in vivo. MSCs and fibroblasts from L2G mice expressing firefly luciferase and GFP were cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 24 hours. In vitro cell viability was tested by detectin...
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PMID: 20379963
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is still one of the leading causes of death in the industrial nations. Even after successful revascularization, myocardial ischemia results in a loss of cardiomyocytes and scar formation. Embryonic EPCs (eEPCs), retroinfused into the ischemic region of the pig heart, prov...
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PMID: 20536456
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Of the various examined sonographic parameters, alpha has the strongest correlation with histologic microvessel density and may be the parameter of choice for the noninvasive monitoring of tumor angiogenic response in vivo....
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PMID: 20375378
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (39)2 2010
Abstract
Opportunistic observations of and necropsies from selected commercial (meat) turkey flocks revealed skeletal lesions consistent with chondrodystrophy, characterized by leg and vertebral deformities, occurring at very low incidences in turkeys from two primary breeds and various multiplier breeder fl...
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PMID: 20390542
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.