Find your PDFs fast.
Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Nictitating Membrane (0):
Recent article
Nictitating Membrane
Behavioral Neuroscience (124)1 2010
Abstract
We report for the first time to our knowledge, on the effect of a cholesterol diet on a previously formed memory. Rabbits were given trace conditioning of the nictitating membrane response for 10 days, then fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, and then assessed for memory recall of the initially l...
|
PMID: 20141286
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
| < More recent | Older article > |
Journal of Parasitology (94)6 2008
Abstract
Nematodes similar to Oxyspirura sp. were recovered from the cornea and nictitating membrane of a fulvous owl (Strix fulvescens). The bird had been captive for several months, but died suddenly. It had no clinical history of prior diseases, including ocular lesions.
|
PMID: 18576870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Pharmacology (19)3 2008
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated that protein kinase C (PKC) is implicated in learning and memory. This study investigated whether: (i) PKC activated by bryostatin-1 (Bryo) just before or just after sessions of classical conditioning was capable of enhancing classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitatin...
|
PMID: 18469542
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (122)2 2008
Abstract
A trial-by-trial, subject-by-subject analysis was conducted to determine whether generation of the conditioned response (CR) occurs on a continuous or all-or-none basis. Three groups of rabbits were trained on different partial reinforcement schedules with the conditioned stimulus presented alone on...
|
PMID: 18410186
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (122)1 2008
Abstract
The central nucleus (CE) of the amygdala has been gaining attention for its importance in the plasticity underlying conditioned emotional responding. Already known for its role in nictitating membrane response (NMR) reflex facilitation, the CE may also be involved in conditioning-specific reflex mod...
|
PMID: 18298251
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The morphological and histological examinations of the deep gland of the third eyelid were carried out on pig foetuses coming from the 35th, 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation. The morphological examinations were conducted using the method of macroscopic preparation with a forehead magnifyi...
|
PMID: 18197898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Brain Research (185)2 2008
Abstract
We showed that selective attention plays a critical role in rabbit eye blink conditioning (Steele-Russell et al. in Exp Brain Res 173:587-602, 2006). The present experiments are concerned to examine the extent to which visual recognition processes are a separate component from the motor learning tha...
|
PMID: 17955228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 15-year-old Haflinger gelding presented with a mass in the left nictitating membrane. Two biopsies and the excised nictitating membrane were taken at different time points as a result of reoccurrence of the mass and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. The horse was euthanized as a result of...
|
PMID: 18182523
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Ophthalmology (11)5 2008
Abstract
At 6 h following topical application the mean DXM concentration was highest in the anterior structures of the eye (third eyelid: 18 ng/g, cornea: 36 ng/g). The concentration in the posterior structures was below detection level. A decreased DXM concentration in the anterior structures was measured 1...
|
PMID: 19046294
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Ophthalmology (11)6 2008
Abstract
A 10-year-old male neutered Boxer presented with recurrence of a mast cell tumor at the right medial canthal area. Following excision including 2 cm margins, the medial one-half of the upper and lower eyelids and the medial canthus were reconstructed using an axial pattern flap based on the cutaneou...
|
PMID: 19046281
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Ophthalmology (11)4 2008
Abstract
This procedure results in acceptable cosmetic effects with the return of the gland to its normal position posterior to the nictitating membrane. The advantage of this technique over traditional tacking to the orbital rim is that the third eyelid retains its normal mobility and, thus, its protective...
|
PMID: 18638348
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The morphological and histological examinations of the third eyelid and superficial gland of the third eyelid were conducted in pig fetuses coming from the 20th, 24th, 27th, 30th, 35th, 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation. The morphological examinations were carried out by applying the metho...
|
PMID: 18021352
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that for conditioned NM responses the cerebellum is presented with a simplified "virtual" plant that is a linearized version of the underlying nonlinear biological system. Analysis of a detailed plant model suggests that one method for linearising the plant would be appropriate...
|
PMID: 17615135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (121)4 2007
Abstract
These results support both abstract and cerebellar models of conditioning that encode the CS into a cascade of microstimuli, while challenging theories of extinction that rely on changes in CS processing, US representations, and contextual control.
((c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)....
|
PMID: 17663605
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (121)1 2007
Abstract
These results support time-based models of conditioning. Implications for proposed mechanisms of extinction are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved....
|
PMID: 17324050
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Ophthalmology (10)2 2007
Abstract
A 12-year-old Belgian draft horse presented for a right eye third eyelid mass and red-tinged ocular discharge of 3 months' duration. The third eyelid was excised and submitted for histopathology. On histopathologic examination, the mass was composed of both hemangiosarcoma and squamous cell carcinom...
|
PMID: 17324168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Cell Biology (10)1-2 2007
Abstract
We found that the level of classical conditioning and conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM) as well as the number of beta amyloid-labeled neurons in the cortex and hippocampus were a function of the concentration of cholesterol in the diet. The data provide support for the idea that dietar...
|
PMID: 17539481
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Cell Biology (10)3-4 2007
Abstract
Modifying dietary cholesterol may improve learning and memory but very high cholesterol can cause pathophysiology and death. Rabbits fed 2% cholesterol for 8, 10 or 12 weeks with 0.12 ppm copper added to distilled water and rabbits fed a normal diet without copper added to distilled water (0 weeks) w...
|
PMID: 18019398
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Cybernetics (96)1 2007
Abstract
We investigated the issue by implementing the most detailed model available of the rabbit nictitating membrane response (Bartha and Thompson in Biol Cybern 68:135-143, 1992a and in Biol Cybern 68:145-154, 1992b), in which each motor unit of the retractor bulbi muscle is represented by a Hill-type mo...
|
PMID: 17021829
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Brain Research (173)4 2006
Abstract
The present results show that the common practice of using self-indexing conditioned stimuli (CSs) in research on Pavlovian conditioning is a major source of experimental bias. The typical stimulus used is either a light flash or a sound pulse in a light/sound-shielded chamber. Under these condition...
|
PMID: 16628399
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Pharmacology (17)4 2006
Abstract
We investigated the effects of in-vivo 4-aminopyridine administration (0.5 mg/kg) on classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response using a battery of tests designed to assess the associative, sensory, and motor contributors of 4-aminopyridine to responding. 4-Aminopyridine enhan...
|
PMID: 16914950
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (167)1 2006
Abstract
Rabbits were trace-conditioned with a tone as a conditioned stimulus and an airpuff as an unconditioned stimulus. Electrical stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle in the lateral hypothalamus was delivered either before or after the tone-airpuff pair. The purpose of the present study was to test...
|
PMID: 16203046
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Learning & Memory (13)3 2006
Abstract
The rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) response underwent successive stages of acquisition and extinction training in both delay (Experiment 1) and trace (Experiment 2) classical conditioning. In both cases, successive acquisitions became progressively faster, although the largest, most reliable accel...
|
PMID: 16705135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A limbal melanoma was surgically removed from a 12-year-old castrated male black domestic shorthair (DSH) cat. The resulting full-thickness eye wall defect was repaired using the autologous third eyelid cartilage. The patient was followed for 85 days postoperatively, during which time there was no r...
|
PMID: 16771762
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (119)6 2005
Abstract
Conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM) describes changes in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane responses (NMR) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) when the US is tested by itself after pairings of tone and electrodermal stimulation. Although CRM has been replicated, it is unc...
|
PMID: 16420153
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that by using a moderately intense electrical pulse to the skin as a US, CRM of the rabbit NMR is accompanied by an increase in heart rate. The largest changes in heart rate occur at US intensities that produce the strongest levels of CRM. The heart rate data show that there may be an increa...
|
PMID: 16043370
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (119)4 2005
Abstract
These results support real-time models of conditioning that segment the CS into microstimuli while challenging theories that rely on contextual control, US representations, CS processing, and response inhibition.
(c) 2005 APA...
|
PMID: 16187829
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that NM is a useful additional specimen that can provide valuable data for postmortem diagnosis of CSF. The NM is relatively easy to sample at necropsy, and postmortem autolysis and heterolysis of this tissue is minimal compared with internal organs....
|
PMID: 16130991
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The barn owl, Tyto alba, extends its nictitating membrane (NM) in response to an air puff to the cornea or a mild para-orbital electrodermal shock. The NM extension habituated rapidly if the stimulus was repeated. Habituation was prevented by pairing the aversive stimulus with a sound. The sound sti...
|
PMID: 15981011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 5-year-old, female neutered, Australian Kelpie presented with a 2-month history of dramatic bilateral erythematous thickening of the third eyelids. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated raised, pink to red, irregular thickening of the entire palpebral surface of both third eyelids. There were no oth...
|
PMID: 16178846
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Surgery (34)1 2005
Abstract
After en bloc resection of SCC involving >/=50% of the lower eyelid, reconstruction can be achieved by relocation of the third eyelid and use of a cutaneous transposition flap sutured to the scarified external surface of the third eyelid. Eyelid apposition and lacrimal function were preserved. CLINI...
|
PMID: 15720601
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sheep are susceptible experimentally to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the clinical signs being indistinguishable from those of scrapie. Because of the possibility of natural ovine BSE infection, laboratory tests are needed to distinguish between scrapie and BSE infection. The objectives of...
|
PMID: 15629480
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 1-year-old healthy female Great Dane was referred for an echocardiographic examination prior to anesthesia and surgical correction of prolapse of the right third eyelid gland. Findings of a physical examination were normal. Conventional 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography revealed equivocal...
|
PMID: 15643837
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (118)6 2004
Abstract
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were presented with 7 daily sessions of tone-alone training after conditioning. Before the beginning of each of the first 4 extinction sessions, an artificial tear solution or tetracaine hydrochloride was administered to the cornea of rabbits in the control group (n =...
|
PMID: 15598152
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present experiments demonstrated that in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitacing-membrane (NM) preparation, exposure to the experimental apparatus produces profound declines in conditioned responding to a discrete conditioned stimulus (CS; Experiments 1, 2A, and 3). Moreover, this decreme...
|
PMID: 15506852
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Scrapie free adult sheep were introduced to a sheep flock specifically maintained to maximise scrapie infection. Native born sheep of the highly susceptible VRQ/VRQ genotype in this flock show highly efficient transmission, evidenced by 100% infection, with an age at death of less than 2 years. Infe...
|
PMID: 15046955
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (154)21 2004
Abstract
Journal of Neuroscience (24)12 2004
Abstract
Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in rabbits is a well defined model of cerebellar-dependent motor memory. This memory undergoes a period of consolidation after the training session, when it is sensitive to reversible inactivations of the cerebellar cortex, but not of the c...
|
PMID: 15044532
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Learning & Memory (11)4 2004
Abstract
Rabbits were given reinforced training of the nictitating membrane (NM) response using separate conditioned stimuli (CSs), which were a tone, light, and/or tactile vibration. Then, two CSs were compounded and given further pairings with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Evidence of both overexpectati...
|
PMID: 15286185
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Morphologic changes of corneal epithelium after third eyelid removal were observed in six normal Beagle dogs. The observation was conducted on the 17th, 35th and 72nd week after the removal. Morphologic changes were observed on corneal epithelium layers at 17 and 35 weeks post excision of the third...
|
PMID: 14982590
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report three cases of adult cats showing a prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid. Three different breeds were affected: Burmese, Persian and Domestic Short-haired. In all cases, the disorder occurred spontaneously, without any other ocular sign. Surgical replacement of the gland was performed...
|
PMID: 15511284
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract A case of hemangiosarcoma of the third eyelid in a 7-year-old Caucasian Sheepdog is reported. A voluminous red mass protruding from the free edge of the third eyelid in the right eye was present. The mass and the free edge of the third eyelid were surgically excised. On histopathologic exam...
|
PMID: 15200625
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Behavioral Neuroscience (117)6 2003
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in synapse formation, receptor function, and synaptic plasticity, and animal studies show that modifying cholesterol may improve learning and memory. Other data show that feeding animals cholesterol can induce beta amyloid accumulation. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cunicu...
|
PMID: 14674842
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dorsal lacrimal glands, superior glands of the third eyelid and Harderian glands (deep gland of the third eyelid) from 19 bison and 18 cattle free of apparent ocular disease were examined to compare the normal anatomical properties of these glands. All glands were characterized and measured (length...
|
PMID: 12969024
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Maedi-visna is a systemic disease of sheep caused by a lentivirus, maedi-visna virus (MVV), which mainly affects the lungs and central nervous system but may also affect the mammary glands, joints and other tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the third eyelid was affected...
|
PMID: 12859906
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The results show that IgA-producing plasma cells are densely populated in subepithelial spaces of the surface epithelium as well as in the nictitating gland in a species-specific manner. In contrast, the SC could be demonstrated exclusively in glandular acinar and ductal epithelial cells and in diff...
|
PMID: 12753619
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Morphologie (87)277 2003
Abstract
In 30 species of Mammals of varying body size (from rat to elephant), the form, dimensions and structure of the cartilage of the third eyelid were studied. The cartilage is a thin lamina concave in its corneal side, usually elongated in the oro-aboral direction. In the most species studied the outli...
|
PMID: 14717063
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Letters (341)2 2003
Abstract
Our finding suggests that this neural activity to a tone CS during classical eyeblink conditioning reflects an efferent copy of the procedural memory trace....
|
PMID: 12686380
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (117)2 2003
Abstract
The likelihood, size, and speed of eyelid movements are thought to covary during the acquisition and expression of conditioning in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and are generally accepted as interchangeable measures of the associative strength activated by the conditioned stimulus (CS). To test th...
|
PMID: 12708526
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two young snowy owl chicks were presented with aberrant protrusion of the nictitating membranes. This was caused by conjunctival adhesions causing symblepharon secondary to a previous septicemia episode. While symblepharon has been noted in birds before, this unusual presentation of the nictitating...
|
PMID: 12641836
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Learning & Memory (10)5 2003
Abstract
These results were placed in the context of what is known concerning the anatomical distribution and electrophysiological effects of 5-HT2A receptor activation in frontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as the role of cortical 5-HT2A receptors in schizophrenia. It was concluded that the 5-HT2A recep...
|
PMID: 14557608
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The anatomical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the lacrimal gland (LG) and nictitans gland (NG) of the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus were described. The histochemical and histological features of both glands in male and female adult animals were compared. The...
|
PMID: 12470975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Eye Research (25)5 2002
Abstract
Imidazoline and guanidiniun-substituted isoindoline compounds have been reported to demonstrate affinity for the putative imidazoline receptors (I(1)) and alpha-2 (alpha(2)) adrenoceptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of I(1) receptors to ocular actions of mox...
|
PMID: 12658545
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Control of scrapie, an ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disorder, has been hampered by the lack of conventional antemortem diagnostic tests. Currently, scrapie is diagnosed by postmortem examination of the brain and lymphoid tissues for PrP(Sc), the protein marker for this grou...
|
PMID: 12204945
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results provide solid evidence that each portion of a feature cue is encoded in a distinctive fashion. Had temporal encoding not occurred, the feature cue would have been just as ambiguous a predictor of the reinforcer as was the target stimulus, and discrimination would not have been possible...
|
PMID: 12391787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Several forms of motor learning, including classical conditioning of the eyeblink and nictitating membrane response (NMR), are dependent upon the cerebellum, but it is not known how motor memories are stored within the cerebellar circuitry. Localized infusions of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol were us...
|
PMID: 12086647
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Clinical signs resolved at the end of 1 month in conjunction with significantly increased STT values, compared with baseline values. Fifteen and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, a decrease was observed in STT values in both eyes; however, only values for the right eye were significant...
|
PMID: 12013470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonic flowmetry to study mechanisms controlling ocular anterior segment circulation and suggest that, as previously established for the nictitating membrane and anterior choroid, adrenergic neurogenic vasoconstriction in tissues perfused by the LPCA i...
|
PMID: 12002665
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.