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Salt Gland (0):
Recent article
Salt Gland
Abstract
Only 5% of elasmobranch species live in freshwater (FW) compared to more than 40% of known teleost species. The factors affecting the poor penetration of elasmobranchs into FW environments are currently unknown, however, an important consideration may be the high urea requirement of many proteins in...
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PMID: 20143234
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Journal of Experimental Biology (213)Pt 8 2010
Abstract
We examined the distribution and regulation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) pump, specifically the alpha-(catalytic) subunit in the salt glands of C. porosus chronically acclimated (6 months) to freshwater (FW) or 70% seawater (SW). We hypothesised that in the SW-acclimated C. porosus there would be...
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PMID: 20348342
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Extremophiles (13)3 2009
Abstract
We have studied in this organ the presence of extreme halophiles by means of culturing techniques. We could easily cultivate members of haloarchaea, and all cultures studied were identified as members of one of the two species Halococcus morrhuae and Hcc. dombrowskii. In order to reveal the diversit...
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PMID: 19363644
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase generates an electrochemical gradient of Na+ and K+, which is necessary for the functioning of animal cells. During the catalytic act, the enzyme passes through two ground conformational states, E1 and E2. To characterize the domain organization of the protein in these conformations, t...
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PMID: 20067181
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (211)Pt 9 2008
Abstract
We sought to investigate the phenotypic plasticity, both morphological and functional, in the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile associated with chronic exposure to freshwater (FW) and saltwater (SW) environments. Examination of haematological parameters indicated that there were no long...
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PMID: 18424682
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We also describe some features of an as-yet unstudied group of birds, the birds of prey. At least some species in this group are relatively good renal concentrators, and would be predicted to have post-renal mechanisms to preserve this work. This new synthesis illustrates the marked diversity of ada...
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PMID: 18276178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were bilaterally adrenalectomized (biADX), injected with 1 mg of triamcinolone (TRIAM) kg bw(-1) im and given 0.9% saline drinking water during a 24 h recovery period followed by chemical sympathectomy with 6OH DOPA 3 h before the start of experimental observations....
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PMID: 17576569
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study examined effects of exogenous melatonin on osmoregulatory hormones and water and sodium secretion by salt glands and excretion via the kidneys of Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens). Six saline acclimated gulls were injected with inulin and paraminohippuric acid and then infused wit...
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PMID: 17350011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulatory Peptides (140)1-2 2007
Abstract
Neurons containing SP, CGRP, VIP, PACAP and NO synthase were identified within C. porosus salt glands. There was no difference in the overall number (density) of neurons within SW-acclimated tissues when compared with FW-acclimated animals. However, there was a significant reduction in density of ne...
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PMID: 17182121
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (209)Pt 23 2006
Abstract
We compared in vivo responses of rectal gland secretion to carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition (10(-4) mol l(-1) acetazolamide) in volume-loaded dogfish with in vitro responses in an isolated-perfused gland stimulated with 5 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) forskolin and removed from systemic influences. We also m...
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PMID: 17114403
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined the relative potency of VIP and related peptides in the rectal gland of the elasmobranch dogfish shark and cloned and expressed the VIP receptor (sVIP-R) from this species. In the perfused rectal gland, VIP (5 nM) stimulated chloride secretion from 250 +/- 66 to 2,604 +/- 286 microeq x...
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PMID: 16728467
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (45)35 2006
Abstract
Cation binding to Na,K-ATPase is characterized in native membranes at room temperature by solid-state NMR spectroscopy using the K(+) congener (205)Tl. It has been demonstrated that the signals from occluded Tl(+) and nonspecifically bound Tl(+) can be detected and distinguished by NMR. Effects of d...
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PMID: 16939229
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (209)Pt 15 2006
Abstract
We conducted two lines of experimentation. First, we examined the effects of feeding on plasma metabolites and enzyme activities from several metabolic pathways in several tissues of the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias, after starvation and at 6, 20, 30 and 48 h post-feeding. We found a rapid and s...
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PMID: 16857877
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (209)Pt 13 2006
Abstract
We measured total non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma as well as maximal activities of enzymes of intermediary metabolism in tissues from marine and freshwater elasmobranchs, including: the river stingray Potamotrygon motoro (<1 mmol l(-1) plasma urea); the marine stingray Taeniura lymma, an...
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PMID: 16788033
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Extensive trypsinization of Na,K-ATPase from the salt gland of Squalus acanthias removes about half of the extramembranous protein mass of the alpha-subunit, while leaving the beta-subunit intact. Sequence analysis and epitope recognition of the remaining alpha-peptides show that tra...
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PMID: 16411771
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) using a two-stage procedure and given daily i.m. injections of 1 mg kg bw(-1) of dexamethasone (DEXA), a steroid lacking mineralocorticoid activity, and 0.9% saline drinking water ad libitum to counterbalance renal losses of sa...
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PMID: 16292650
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We cloned and sequenced p27(Kip1) of ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) and used an in vitro assay system to study the mechanism of p27(Kip1) downregulation in the nasal gland which precedes an increase in proliferation rate upon initial exposure of the animals to osmotic stress. Western blot studies re...
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PMID: 16075271
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our objectives are to describe the anatomy and fine structures of the rectal glands of males and females and to observe the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds in the rectal glands of males. The rectal glands of males and females have four rectal papillae with each papilla attached to a rectal...
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PMID: 16170821
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We reasoned that the plasma membranes of rectal gland epithelial cells must either have aquaporin water channels or must have some selective barrier to urea flux. We therefore isolated apical and basolateral membranes from shark rectal glands and determined their permeabilities to water and urea. Ap...
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PMID: 15727989
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (34)3 2005
Abstract
We investigated nine glands of eight animals with granulomas by gross pathology and histopathology, and compared results of bacteriology with 20 non-lesioned nasal glands. Adenitis was characterized by multifocal to coalescent heterophilic granulomas with central necrotic heterophils, and multinucle...
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PMID: 16191707
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bactrocera carambolae and B. papayae are major fruit fly pests and sympatric sibling species of the B. dorsalis complex. They possess distinct differences in male pheromonal components. In the 1990's, wild Bactrocera fruit flies with morphological traits intermediate between those of B. carambolae a...
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PMID: 16124255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the allocation of metabolic energy to salt excretory processes and to other cellular activities. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (carbachol) or beta-adrenergic receptors (isoproterenol) in nasal gland cells resulted in a transient peak in metabolic rate followed by a...
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PMID: 15185116
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) were captured across a salinity gradient from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW). Across all salinities, C. leucas were hyperosmotic to the environment. Plasma osmolarity in FW-captured animals (642 +/- 7 mosM) was significantly reduced compared to SW-captured animals...
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PMID: 15313492
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1661)2 2004
Abstract
We have shown that melittin induced time-dependent aggregations of Na,K-ATPase in microsomal fractions and in preparations of purified Na,K-ATPase from duck salt glands. Incubation of melittin with these preparations also led to the progressive loss of Na,K-ATPase activity. At melittin/protein molar...
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PMID: 15003881
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Since the landmark contributions of Homer Smith and co-workers in the 1930s there has been a considerable advance in our knowledge regarding the osmoregulatory strategy of elasmobranch fish. Smith recognised that urea was retained in the body fluids as part of the 'osmoregulatory ballast' of elasmob...
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PMID: 14662294
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biophysical Journal (85)6 2003
Abstract
I band. The absorbance at 1659 cm(-1) decreased with a concomitant increase in the absorbance at 1620 cm(-1). These changes are consistent with a partial conversion of protein secondary structure from alpha-helix to beta-sheet. The changes were approximately 8% of the total absorbance, much larger t...
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PMID: 14645062
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Marine birds can drink seawater because their cephalic 'salt' glands secrete a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution more concentrated than seawater. Salt gland secretion generates osmotically free water that sustains their other physiological processes. Acclimation to saline induces interstitial water an...
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PMID: 14613781
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (New York) (68)9 2003
Abstract
Proteins interacting with alpha 1 beta 1-type of Na,K-ATPase were revealed in pig kidney outer medulla and duck salt glands using three different methods (immunoprecipitation, protein overlay, and chemical cross-linking). Immunoprecipitation was performed after solubilization of protein homogenate w...
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PMID: 14606949
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (206)Pt 18 2003
Abstract
Three processes central to osmoregulation of marine birds were compared in three species of ducks that differ in habitat affinity, diet and saline tolerance. These processes are filtration of Na+ and water from the plasma by the kidneys, their reabsorption along the renal tubules, and secretion by t...
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PMID: 12909708
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (42)28 2003
Abstract
The effects of phospholipid acyl chain length (n(c)) and cholesterol on several partial reactions of Na,K-ATPase reconstituted into liposomes of defined lipid composition are described. This regards the E(1)/E(2) equilibrium, the phosphoenzyme level, and the K(+)-deocclusion reaction. In addition, t...
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PMID: 12859201
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
We hypothesized that, as drinking water salinity increases: (1) body water increases in concentration before it decreases in volume and (2) that regulating variables that help determine homeostatically set values (plasma hormone concentrations and water flux) deviate from values of freshwater ducks...
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PMID: 12592440
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the role of the actin cytoskeleton and of myosin light chains in this process by perfusing isolated rectal glands with and without an inhibitor of actin filament organization (cytochalasin D) and an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (ML-7). Cytochalasin D, 10(-6) M, reduced secretio...
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PMID: 12444471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (277)40 2002
Abstract
We found a phosphorylation stoichiometry of 3.0 +/- 0.4 phosphorylated residues/NKCC1 protein harvested from shark rectal gland tubules maximally stimulated with forskolin and calyculin A, showing that at least three sites on the cotransporter are phosphorylated upon stimulation. Three phosphoaccept...
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PMID: 12145304
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (205)Pt 13 2002
Abstract
We found a correlation between extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), we sought the possible presence of a calcium-sensing receptor in rectal gland artery and tubules. Cytosolic Ca(2+) of both tissues responded to the addition of external Ca(2+) (0.8-5.3 mm...
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PMID: 12077165
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (205)Pt 13 2002
Abstract
We measured the salt and water balance of hatchling leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, during their first few days of life to investigate how they maintain homeostasis under the osmoregulatory challenge of a highly desiccating terrestrial environment and then a hyperosmotic marine enviro...
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PMID: 12077161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated some morphological properties of the branchial MRCs and the localization, and activity of the important ionoregulatory enzyme Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, under control conditions and following rectal gland removal (1 month) in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. A clear correlation can be m...
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PMID: 12020652
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Physiology (540)Pt 3 2002
Abstract
Indwelling catheters were used to collect fluid directly from the medial and lateral segments of duck nasal salt glands showing, for the first time, that the secretions are fully hypertonic before reaching the medial and lateral drainage ducts. Using this method it was possible to show that (a) ther...
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PMID: 11986388
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Life Sciences (70)21 2002
Abstract
I and II abolished the mercury-incubated increase in ICl. The P450-mediated metabolite of arachidonic acid, 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET), significantly increased ICl. However, application of 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-DHT) did not alter ICl. Mercury incubation for 48 hrs...
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PMID: 12173417
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulation of the xenobiotic efflux pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (MRP2), in intact dogfish shark rectal salt gland tubules using a fluorescent substrate sulforhodamine 101 and confocal microscopy. Subnanomolar to nanomolar concentrations of...
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PMID: 11832398
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
cDNA fragments of both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the Na, K-ATPase and a cDNA fragment of the secretory form of Na-K-Cl cotransporter from the European dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) were amplified and cloned using degenerate primers in RT-PCR. These clones were used along with a sCFTR cDNA fr...
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PMID: 11818240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Drosophila trachealess gene encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor that controls the formation of the trachea and salivary duct. An ortholog of trachealess was identified in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, and was shown to be highly conserved by sequence identity. Expre...
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PMID: 12356264
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The rectal gland of sharks contains a 13.2-kDa microsomal protein that in primary structure resembles to a variable extent the mammalian Cl- channel phospholemman. It appears to reside in basolateral as well as in apical membranes. The large variation in primary structure among different orders and...
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PMID: 11676495
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study the properties and regulation of the cloned sKVLQT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and compare the results with those obtained from in vitro perfused rectal gland tubules (RGT). The expression of sKCNQ1 induced voltage-dependent, delayed activated K+ curr...
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PMID: 11692278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (New York) (66)8 2001
Abstract
Although it was shown earlier that phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) occurs in intact cells, the purified enzyme in vitro is phosphorylated by PKA only after treatment by detergent. This is accompanied by an unfortunate side effect of the detergent that results in...
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PMID: 11566056
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study was designed to further examine the role of plasma ANG II in the excretion of sodium in the Pekin duck, a bird with salt glands. Renal and extrarenal (salt gland) excretion of an intravenously administered isotonic saline load was monitored over a 4-h period in a group of eight birds unde...
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PMID: 11404311
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a hypercalcemic factor in mammals. The PTHrP antigen has been localized in both bony and cartilaginous fish tissues. Sites of localization included gills, skin and kidney, organs involved in osmoregulation. Physiological and localization experiments wer...
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PMID: 11399466
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1510)1-2 2001
Abstract
The rectal gland of the dogfish shark is a model system for active transepithelial transport of chloride. It has been shown previously that mercuric chloride, one of the toxic environmental pollutants, inhibits chloride secretion in this organ. In order to investigate the mechanism of action of HgCl...
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PMID: 11342178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Unlike the NaCl-secreting salt glands of many birds and reptiles, the nasal salt glands of lizards can secrete potassium as well as sodium, with either chloride or bicarbonate as the accompanying anion. The factors responsible for initiating secretion by the gland and the rates of cation and anion s...
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PMID: 11226011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cells Tissues Organs (169)2 2001
Abstract
A comprehensive anatomical study was undertaken to examine the rectal salt gland in the Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, a shark known to invade estuarine environments. The microstructure and vascular organisation of the rectal salt gland was investigated using histological observati...
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PMID: 11399857
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (204)Pt 1 2001
Abstract
We examined histological sections from two species of shark, Squalus acanthias and Carcharodon carcharius, and from the stingray Dasyatis sabina and stained sections from S. acanthias with the actin-specific ligand phalloidin. In all three species, a distinct band of what appeared to be smooth muscl...
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PMID: 11104711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Microsphere and morphometric techniques were used to investigate any circulatory changes that accompany secretion by the salt glands of hatchling Chelonia mydas. Salt glands were activated by a salt load of 27.0 mmol NaCl x kg body mass (BM)(-1), resulting in a mean sodium secretion rate of 4.14 +/-...
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PMID: 11192263
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (275)46 2000
Abstract
The Na,K-ATPase provides the driving force for many ion transport processes through control of Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients across the plasma membranes of animal cells. It is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta. In many tissues, predominantly in kidney, it is associated with a small a...
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PMID: 10961995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Oceanic birds feed mainly on marine invertebrates which are isosmotic with sea water. The kidneys of birds have a low concentrating ability and are unable to produce urine with a sodium concentration more than 300mmol/l. How do these birds avoid dehydration? The excess salt is eliminated by the secr...
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PMID: 11060412
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1468)1-2 2000
Abstract
Irreversible inactivation of membranous Na,K-ATPase by high-speed centrifugation in dilute aqueous solutions depends markedly on the protonation state of the protein. Pig kidney Na,K-ATPase is irreversibly inactivated at pH 5 but is fully protected at pH 7 and above. Shark rectal gland Na,K-ATPase i...
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PMID: 11018676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (203)Pt 19 2000
Abstract
We found that stingrays from fresh water had the highest activity and highest relative abundance of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in the gills. Using immunohistochemistry, we also found that gills from freshwater stingrays had the greatest number of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase-rich cells. When freshwater stingrays were a...
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PMID: 10976032
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (275)32 2000
Abstract
We report here that at 100% inhibition of ATPase activity by FITC, each alphabeta protomer of duck nasal gland enzyme has a single bound FITC. Both TNP-ADP and ErITC interact with FITC-bound protomers, which unambiguously demonstrates that putative high and low affinity ATP sites coexist on the same...
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PMID: 10831595
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have now identified the sustained elevation of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase as intermediate signaling elements for the regulation of c-Fos by muscarinic receptor activation. It is suggested that p38 MAP kinase, rather...
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PMID: 10794661
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.