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Artiodactyla
Abstract
Knowledge of airflow in animal noses is sparse. Such knowledge could be important for selection of animal models used in environmental studies. From the phylogenetic and ontogenetic point of view, a comparison between the animal and human nose is interesting.
Nose mod...
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PMID: 21468369
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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médecine/sciences (26)5 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We studied the role of white-lipped and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu) as seed predators and dispersers in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. The Atlantic rainforest ecosystem is highly threatened and has experienced dramatic declines in its populations of large mammals. Local...
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PMID: 20231959
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results highlight the difficulty of diagnosing tuberculosis in the absence of pathology and the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria....
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PMID: 19746870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was diagnosed at necropsy in a captive aged female pygmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), which presented with numerous cysts in both kidneys, the liver, and the duodenum and with one single cyst in the pancreas. There were no premonitory clinical signs of a n...
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PMID: 19746869
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We observed the three-dimensional structures of the external surface and connective tissue cores CTCs, after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, and foliate papillae) of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius) using scanning electron microsc...
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PMID: 19548302
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Disaggregation of meat dishes provided a more precise estimate of meat consumption. The quantity of red or processed meat in the diet was reflected in the nutrient content of the entire diet....
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PMID: 18285805
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (367)1893 2009
Abstract
We consider the attributes of a successful engineered material, acknowledging the contributions of composition and processing to properties and performance. We recognize the potential for relevant lessons to be learned from nature, at the same time conceding both the limitations of such lessons and...
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PMID: 19324724
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (86 (Pt 2))02 2009
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to determine the susceptibility of mammalian cells to infection with different species of Theileria in vitro. Sporozoites of Theileria parva (parva), Theileria parva (lawrencei) and Theileria taurotragi were isolated from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks by grinding in...
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PMID: 6406967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Serum concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, lipoproteins, vitamins A and E, and minerals in zoo giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) were compared to values obtained from free-ranging giraffes in an effort to identify potential nutritional differences in the zoo population. Zoo giraffes have a sp...
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PMID: 19368238
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fatal colonic obstructions were diagnosed in three captive, adult, reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). Clinical presentations varied, but all cases displayed decreased activity, anorexia, and considerably decreased fecal production, consistent with intestinal obstruction. Case 1...
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PMID: 19368259
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A young male giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) recently acquired by the Lion Country Safari in Loxahatchee, Florida, was diagnosed and successfully treated for Haemonchus infection while in quarantine. Seven weeks after introduction into a group of resident giraffes, this giraffe presented with diarr...
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PMID: 19368252
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We constructed a database of viruses of domestic artiodactyls and examined the correlation between traits linked in the literature to cross-species transmission and the ability of viruses to infect humans. Among these traits--genomic material, genome segmentation, and replication without nuclear ent...
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PMID: 19281304
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (54)01 2009
Abstract
Abstract
We sequenced PRLR gene exon 10, coding for the major part of the cytoplasmic domain, from cattle, American bison, European bison, yak, sheep, pig and wild boar individuals. We found different patterns of variation in the two receptors within and between ruminants and pigs. Pigs and bison species hav...
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PMID: 19622175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Causes of dental infections can be related to failed dental eruption, malocclusion, abrasion, fractures with or without exposure of the dental pulp, and periodontal disease. Reports of oral myiasis in megavertebrates in captivity are infrequent, perhaps due to the difficulty in observing the oral ca...
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PMID: 19950517
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Parasitology (157)1-2 2008
Abstract
A survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites from different groups of mammals housed in a zoological garden in Malaysia. A total of 197 faecal samples were collected randomly from various primates (99), hoofed mammals (70) and feline (28). It was discovered that 89.3...
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PMID: 18723289
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Osteological cranial features, such as foramina, assist in phylogenetic and ecological interpretations of fossil mammals. However, the validity of using foramina in these interpretations when their contents are not well documented is questionable. For decades, the infraorbital foramen (IOF) has been...
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PMID: 18780305
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology Letters (4)4 2008
Abstract
We suggest that evolution of a carotid rete, a structure highly developed in artiodactyls but absent in perissodactyls, was at least as important. The rete confers an ability to regulate brain temperature independently of body temperature. The net effect is that in hot ambient conditions artiodactyl...
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PMID: 18426746
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In North America broad-based research networks explore the interaction of vertebrates, their characteristic arrays of pathogens and emergent disease. A diversity of programmes address the impact of environmental change on animal health, zoonoses, and human health, but as yet no comprehensive framewo...
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PMID: 18819675
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have investigated the possibility that an increase in CPP protects giraffe from fainting, using a mechanical model that functioned as an anatomical U-tube. It consisted of a rigid ascending "carotid" limb, a collapsible "brain" tube drained by a rigid, "vertebral venous plexus" (VVP) tube, and a...
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PMID: 18329049
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Dermatology (19)2 2008
Abstract
Ten cases of otitis in nine captive okapi were observed at a captive zoological institution. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 3 days to 7 months. Two individuals each had a recurrence. A variety of fungi and bacteria were isolated from the aural canals of healthy okapi and their environments....
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PMID: 18336426
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (135)5 2008
Abstract
We investigated the presence of the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus in wild ungulates in Estonia, genetically characterized E. granulosus isolates using mitochondrial gene sequences and used the sequence data, together with those available in a public database, to infer the phyl...
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PMID: 18261256
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study addresses the correlation of retinal topography with factors such as the visual environment, life style, and behavior for a major mammalian group, the artiodactyls. To provide a broader basis for semiquantitative comparison, short-wavelength-sensitive (S)- and middle-to-long-wavelength-se...
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PMID: 18189305
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (162)11 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual segregation in ungulates has important conservation and theoretical implications, but despite numerous studies, the impetus for this behavioral pattern remains a topic of debate. Sexual segregation hypotheses can be broadly grouped into social and ecological explanations, but only ecological...
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PMID: 18459333
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have assessed whether bone ingested as a result of osteophagia can be digested in the rumen. Bone samples from cancellous (cervical vertebrae) and dense bones (metacarpal shaft) were immersed in the rumens of five sheep, for a period of up to 30 days, and the effect compared to immersion in disti...
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PMID: 18575058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I used the theory of common pool resources (CPRs) as a framework for this analysis. CPRs theory explains the conditions under which appropriators of a resource are likely to engage in devising and altering governing arrangements and the conditions under which such arrangements are likely to succeed....
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PMID: 18488553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We illustrate such biases with examples taken from the literature and outline a general methodology by which the biases can be minimized in future research....
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PMID: 18513152
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research (120)1-2 2008
Abstract
We summarized the data published to date describing a range of chromosome abnormalities observed in non-domestic animals and their effect on phenotype. Two important factors that can potentially have drastic effects on captive breeding programs are discussed: presence of classic chromosome abnormali...
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PMID: 18467826
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sheep and cattle have three A3 genes, A3Z1, A3Z2 and A3Z3, whereas pigs only have two, A3Z2 and A3Z3. A comparison between domestic and wild pigs indicated that A3Z1 was deleted in the pig lineage. In all three species, read-through transcription and alternative splicing also produced a catalyticall...
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PMID: 19017397
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The dorsal gland secretions of captive-reared male and female Chacoan peccaries (Catagonus wagneri) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. C8-C19 carboxylic acids, squalene, cholesterol, cholestanol, and cholest-7-en-3-ol were present in both males and females. Heptylbenzene, C14-C18...
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PMID: 19040119
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We offer a reliable way to test for temporal variation in the occurrence of sexual segregation and aggregation, even in cases where a large proportion of animals are observed alone. A randomization procedure provides a test for the null hypothesis of independence of the distributions of males and fe...
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PMID: 18229854
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Animal Reproduction Science (102)1-2 2007
Abstract
This study analyses reproductive parameters resulting from 74 parturitions in a population of captive collared peccaries in the eastern Amazon (Belém, State of Pará, Brazil) during a 65-month survey. Parturitions were homogeneously distributed throughout the year. The average litter size was 1.85...
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PMID: 17101243
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An oronasal fistula is described in a 53-year-old captive hippopotamus, the animal having shown a nasal discharge, consisting mainly of food particles, during and after feeding for at least 15 years. Necropsy of the emaciated animal revealed an oronasal fistula, measuring 4.5 x 3.5 cm, adjacent to t...
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PMID: 17888937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) mostly do not attain the longevity possible for this species and frequently have problems associated with low energy intake and fat storage mobilization. Abnormal tooth wear has been among the causes suggested as an underlying problem. This study utilizes a t...
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PMID: 17939353
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the host status of the three largest southern African wild ruminants, namely giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis, African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, and eland, Taurotragus oryx for ixodid ticks. To this end recently acquired unpublished data are added here to...
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PMID: 17933365
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Naturwissenschaften (94)9 2007
Abstract
We report a new dichobunid genus and species Cadutherium kyaukmagyii and a new basal ruminant genus and species Irrawadymeryx pondaungi, from the late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Central Myanmar. Although the scarcity of the present material prevents any attempts to investigate the phylogeneti...
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PMID: 17487464
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (148)2 2007
Abstract
Our results, at least at the level of organization investigated herein, show that the corticospinal tract of the giraffe resembled that of a typical ungulate....
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PMID: 17664045
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We construct a multivariate model to assess for the first time which intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (anthropogenic and environmental) factors influence variation in extinction risk in artiodactyls. Globally artiodactyls at greatest risk live in economically less developed areas, have older wea...
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PMID: 17513248
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) belongs to the Tayassuidae family that is characterized by a dorsal scent gland located in the middle of the hump. It can be found from south-west United States to Argentina. It is a very well-adapted animal that can survive different environments, having a varied d...
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PMID: 17535351
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (296)6 2007
Abstract
Naturwissenschaften (94)6 2007
Abstract
Although Asia is thought to have played a critical role in the basal radiation of Ruminantia, the fossil record of early selenodont artiodactyls remains poorly documented in this region. Dental remains of a new bunoselenodont artiodactyl are described from the late Eocene of Krabi, southern Thailand...
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PMID: 17252239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We can predict with a reasonable degree of certainty the GI of any species of a particular order given the brain weight....
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PMID: 17459107
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 9-year-old female Rothschild giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi), weighing approximately 900 kg, at Longleat Safari Park, Wiltshire, UK was presented with dystocia in September 2005. This paper details the surgical and anaesthetic procedures carried out performing a caesarean section to r...
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PMID: 17493166
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Zoological Science (24)5 2007
Abstract
We analyzed Tbx4 sequences from cetaceans, dugong, artiodactyls and marine carnivores. A total of 39 primers were designed using human and dog Tbx4 nucleotide sequences. Exons 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Tbx4 genes from cetaceans, artiodactyls, and marine carnivores were sequenced. Non-synonymous su...
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PMID: 17867844
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We test two nutritional hypotheses for the ecological diversity of ungulates, the browser/grazer (diet type) and diet quality models, among free-ranging herbivores in a South African savanna, the Kruger National Park. Tests are based on assessment of relationships between diet type and diet quality...
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PMID: 17439469
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analysed the evolution of placental traits in the novel mammalian clade Cetartiodactyla (Cetaceans and Artiodactyls) by a parsimony-based computer program (MacClade). A diffuse epitheliochorial placenta was identified as the stem species pattern of this clade. Trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) indep...
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PMID: 16712927
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Animal Reproduction Science (98)3-4 2007
Abstract
We describe here morphological and functional analyses of the spermatogenic process in sexually mature white-lipped peccaries. Ten sexually mature male animals, weighing approximately 39 kg were studied. Characteristics investigated included the gonadosomatic index (GSI), relative frequency of stage...
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PMID: 16647229
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Genetics (86)1 2007
Abstract
We describe, for the first time, the constitutive heterochromatin (C-positive heterochromatin) of two tayassuid species, Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu. We demonstrate that in situ restriction endonuclease digestion with sequential C-banding could be a complementary tool in the study of constituti...
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PMID: 17656845
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Pathology (44)2 2007
Abstract
A 12-year-old pregnant female giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) died approximately 2 months prior to her anticipated parturition date. At necropsy, a mass measuring approximately 20 x 36 x 20 cm was observed, attached to the umbilical cord, the latter being otherwise normal in appearance....
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PMID: 17317797
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study was carried out to measure fecal progestagen and estrone concentrations during pregnancy in a giraffe and examine the possibility of utilizing this assay system for pregnancy diagnosis. Fecal samples were collected from a giraffe during her third and fourth parities and mixed with...
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PMID: 17008760
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a simple method to monitor ovarian activity and non-invasively diagnose pregnancy in okapi (Okapia johnstoni). The feces of a female okapi were collected daily or every 3 days for 28 months. Steroids in lyophilized feces were extracted with 80% methanol,...
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PMID: 17043387
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Giraffe herds have been characterized as random associations of individuals, but recent evidence suggests giraffe have a more complex social structure. The authors formulated 3 hypotheses designed to evaluate whether a herd of captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) associated randomly or patterned...
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PMID: 17324074
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I examine the ability of climate variation to explain long-term changes in bird and plant populations, as well as trophic interactions in a high-elevation riparian system in central Arizona, USA, based on 20 years of study. Abundances of dominant deciduous trees have declined dramatically over the 2...
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PMID: 17479755
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genetika (Moskva) (43)2 2007
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome fragments were examined in all species of the genus Capra (Bovidae, Artiodactyla). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 59 cytochrome b gene sequences (392 bp), and 22 sequences of the mtDNA variable fragment (402 bp). In the control region, two unique deletions were reve...
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PMID: 17385324
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I present the hypothesis that in living Carnivora and Artiodactyla, and by inference in the terrestrial ancestors of whales, the series are themselves components of larger precaudal and caudal modular units. Column morphology in a series of fossil and living whales is used to predict the type and se...
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PMID: 17501751
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Animal Reproduction Science (97)1-2 2007
Abstract
We monitored 56 presumptive estruses in 14 captive females. Estrus was characterized by the reddish and tumescent appearance of the vulva, the presence of vaginal mucus and vaginal opening, which persisted for 4, 4, 2, and 2 days, respectively. In vaginal smears, superficial plus intermediate cells...
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PMID: 16500049
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Anatomy (210)1 2007
Abstract
The intracranial carotid rete (or rete mirabile epidurale) is a unique blood vascular system supplying the brain of artiodactyls, which have either an involuted or no internal carotid artery. Although the lesser and greater mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus and T. napu, respectively) are ruminants, the...
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PMID: 17229288
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.