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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Hominidae (5):
Recent article
Hominidae
Abstract
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Abstract
Diet changes are considered key events in human evolution. Most studies of early hominin diets focused on tooth size, shape, and craniomandibular morphology, as well as stone tools and butchered animal bones. However, in recent years, dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have...
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PMID: 21998380
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report on the lithic assemblage and geological context for the Kokiselei 4 archaeological site from the Nachukui formation (West Turkana, Kenya) that bears characteristic early Acheulian tools and pushes the first appearance datum for this stone-age technology back to 1.76 Myr ago. Moreover, co...
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PMID: 21886161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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The past two decades have witnessed tremendous advances in noninvasive and postmortem neuroscientific techniques, advances that have made it possible, for the first time, to compare in detail the organization of the human brain to that of other primates. Studies comparing humans to c...
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PMID: 21599696
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We examine the development of Victorian palaeoanthropology for what it reveals of the development of notions of cognitive evolution. It seems that Victorian specialists rarely addressed cognitive evolution explicitly, although several assumptions were generally made that arose from preconceptions de...
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PMID: 21553606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conclude that the dental-work and farming hypotheses are falsified and therefore irrelevant to the debate over the taxonomy and phylogeny of H. floresiensis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc....
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PMID: 21412994
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The relationships among the living apes and modern humans have effectively been resolved, but it is much more difficult to locate fossil apes on the tree of life because shared skeletal morphology does not always mean shared recent evolutionary history. Sorting fossil taxa into those...
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PMID: 21331035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Scientific American (303)6 2010
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Abstract
Latitude and ecologic environments codetermine the NEAP values observed in modern hunter-gatherers. The data support the hypothesis that the diet of Homo sapiens' East African ancestors was predominantly net base-producing....
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PMID: 20702605
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
[1] the similarity in cranial vault shape between H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis suggests a single gradually evolving lineage; [2] The taxon H. heidelbergensis can be embedded into the H. erectus→H. neanderthalensis line; and [3] H. sapiens seems to be a separate evolutionary development and i...
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PMID: 20801442
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Theory in Biosciences (129)2-3 2010
Abstract
We human beings may consider ourselves, there was nothing special about the way we came into existence. Modern human cognition is a very recent acquisition; and its emergence ushered in an entirely new pattern of technological (and other behavioral) innovation, in which constant change results from...
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PMID: 20509011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Theory in Biosciences (129)2-3 2010
Abstract
In this article, language is considered as a behavioural trait evolving by means of natural selection, in co-evolution with the Palaeolithic tool industries. This perspective enables an analysis of the grammatical and syntactic equivalents of the multiple abilities and effects of lithic tools across...
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PMID: 20502979
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)2 2010
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We present new evidence from Happisburgh (Norfolk, UK) demonstrating that Early Pleistocene hominins were present in northern Europe >0.78 Myr ago when they were able to survive at the southern edge of the boreal zone. This has significant implications for our understanding of early human behaviour,...
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PMID: 20613840
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We tested this hypothesis by presenting humans' closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), with a dyadic food competition and measuring their salivary testosterone and cortisol levels. Given that chimpanzees and bonobos differ markedly in their food-sharing b...
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PMID: 20616027
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)1 2010
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We show that the Turkana Basin, Kenya--today one of the hottest places on Earth--has been continually hot during the past 4 million years. The distribution of (13)C-(18)O bonds in paleosol carbonates indicates that soil temperatures during periods of carbonate formation were typically above 30 degre...
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PMID: 20534500
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We report an in situ archaeological assemblage from the Koobi Fora Formation in northern Kenya that provides a unique combination of faunal remains, some with direct evidence of butchery, and Oldowan artifacts, which are well dated to 1.95 Ma. This site provides the oldest in situ evidence that homi...
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PMID: 20534571
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report on two partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years. The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together they represent a new species of Australo...
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PMID: 20378811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the geological, geochronological, geomorphological, and faunal context of the Malapa site and the fossils of Australopithecus sediba. The hominins occur with a macrofauna assemblage that existed in Africa between 2.36 and 1.50 million years ago (Ma). The fossils are encased in water-laid...
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PMID: 20378812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
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We analyze new volumetric data for the primary visual cortex and the lateral geniculate nucleus to determine whether or not the human brain departs from allometrically-expected patterns of brain organization. Primary visual cortex volumes were compared to lunate sulcus position in apes to investigat...
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PMID: 20172590
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We consider the problems and prospects of FEA applications in paleoanthropology, and provide a critical examination of one such study of the trophic adaptations of Australopithecus africanus. This particular FEA is evaluated with regard to 1) the nature of the A. africanus cranial composite, 2) mode...
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PMID: 20227747
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
médecine/sciences (26)3 2010
Abstract
An international team of paleontologists reports in Science an early hominid species, Ardipithecus ramidus and its environment. The features are shared by Sahelanthropus tchadensis, and these similarities confirm that Sahelanthropus is not an extinct ape. They help us bridge the more recent part of...
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PMID: 20346283
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (302)3 2010
Abstract
Abstract
The proximal femur has long been used to distinguish fossil hominin taxa. Specifically, the genus Homo is said to be characterized by larger femoral heads, shorter femoral necks, and more lateral flare of the greater trochanter than are members of the genera Australopithecus or Paranthropus. Here, a...
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PMID: 20096410
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pathologica (102)1 2010
Abstract
Antonio Ascenzi is well known within the scientific community for his original contributions to morbid anatomy and in particular for his studies on the fields of bone biology, bone biomechanics, haematology and congenital heart disease. Additionally, Ascenzi was also interested in human evolution an...
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PMID: 20731247
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesize that this taxon exhibited substantial body size dimorphism....
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PMID: 20036414
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results do not support positive allometry for the frontal lobe's width in relation to the main endocranial diameters within modern humans (Homo sapiens). Also, the correlation between frontal width and hemispheric length is lower than the correlation between frontal width and parieto-temporal wi...
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PMID: 20035967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We review the hypothesis that these mutations have in common the induction of oxidative stress that may have had prosurvival effects to enhance the effects of fructose to increase fat stores. Fructose was the primary nutrient in fruit which was the main staple of early primates, but this food likely...
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PMID: 20697570
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (301)5 2009
Abstract
Abstract
Sediments containing Ardipithecus ramidus were deposited 4.4 million years ago on an alluvial floodplain in Ethiopia's western Afar rift. The Lower Aramis Member hominid-bearing unit, now exposed across a > 9-kilometer structural arc, is sandwiched between two volcanic tuffs that have nearly identic...
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PMID: 19810191
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Thousands of vertebrate specimens were systematically collected from the stratigraphic interval containing Ardipithecus ramidus. The carcasses of larger mammals were heavily ravaged by carnivores. Nearly 10,000 small-mammal remains appear to be derived primarily from decomposed owl pellets. The rich...
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PMID: 19810192
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We shared with chimpanzees has therefore remained unclear. Ardipithecus ramidus, recovered in ecologically and temporally resolved contexts in Ethiopia's Afar Rift, now illuminates earlier hominid paleobiology and aspects of extant African ape evolution. More than 110 specimens recovered from 4.4-mi...
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PMID: 19810190
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Middle Awash Ardipithecus ramidus sample comprises over 145 teeth, including associated maxillary and mandibular sets. These help reveal the earliest stages of human evolution. Ar. ramidus lacks the postcanine megadontia of Australopithecus. Its molars have thinner enamel and are functionally le...
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PMID: 19810195
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We shared with them. Evidence for this structure must therefore be sought from the fossil record. Until now, that record has provided few relevant data because available fossils were too recent or too incomplete. Evidence from Ardipithecus ramidus now suggests that the last common ancestor lacked th...
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PMID: 19810199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
The femur and pelvis of Ardipithecus ramidus have characters indicative of both upright bipedal walking and movement in trees. Consequently, bipedality in Ar. ramidus was more primitive than in later Australopithecus. Compared with monkeys and Early Miocene apes such as Proconsul, the ilium in Ar. r...
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PMID: 19810197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We can no longer rely on homologies with African apes for accounts of our origins and must turn instead to general evolutionary theory. A proposed adaptive suite for the emergence of Ardipithecus from the last common ancestor that we shared with chimpanzees accounts for these principal ape/human dif...
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PMID: 19810200
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The highly fragmented and distorted skull of the adult skeleton ARA-VP-6/500 includes most of the dentition and preserves substantial parts of the face, vault, and base. Anatomical comparisons and micro-computed tomography-based analysis of this and other remains reveal pre-Australopithecus hominid...
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PMID: 19810194
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Ardipithecus ramidus hand and wrist exhibit none of the derived mechanisms that restrict motion in extant great apes and are reminiscent of those of Miocene apes, such as Proconsul. The capitate head is more palmar than in all other known hominoids, permitting extreme midcarpal dorsiflexion. Ar....
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PMID: 19810196
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Several elements of the Ardipithecus ramidus foot are preserved, primarily in the ARA-VP-6/500 partial skeleton. The foot has a widely abducent hallux, which was not propulsive during terrestrial bipedality. However, it lacks the highly derived tarsometatarsal laxity and inversion in extant African...
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PMID: 19810198
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, micr...
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PMID: 19810193
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyze patterns of genetic variation in extant human polymorphism data from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences single nucleotide polymorphism project to estimate human demographic parameters. We update our previous work by considering a larger data set (more genes and more p...
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PMID: 19420049
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.