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Spirochaetales (2):
Recent article
Spirochaetales
Abstract
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Veterinary Microbiology (130)1-2 2008
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a severe infectious cause of lameness which has spread through dairy cattle populations worldwide, causing serious welfare and agricultural problems. Spirochetes are the main organisms implicated and have previously proven difficult to isolate. This study aimed to...
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PMID: 18243592
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with dementia, brain atrophy and the aggregation and accumulation of a cortical amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta). Chronic bacterial infections are frequently associated with amyloid deposition. It had been known from a century that the spirochete Treponema pallidum...
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PMID: 18487847
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We re-examine a dangerous liaison between several viral and bacterial infections and the most significant genetic factor for AD, APOE epsilon4, and the possible impact of this alliance on AD development. This connection was discussed in the broader context of lipid metabolism and in the light of dif...
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PMID: 18487850
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment was examined in a mouse model of Lyme borreliosis. Mice were treated with ceftriaxone or saline solution for 1 month, commencing during the early (3 weeks) or chronic (4 months) stages of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Tissues from mice were tested for...
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PMID: 18316520
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Microbiology (67)6 2008
Abstract
Electron cryotromography, a relatively new methodology in the field of microbiology, has been exploited by Murphy et al. (in this issue of Molecular Microbiology) in their analysis of the recently isolated termite gut spirochete Treponema primitia. Unique structures (bowls, arcades of hooks, cones a...
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PMID: 18221263
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified two paralogous spirochete genes, bmpA and bmpB, that are preferentially up-regulated in mouse joints compared with other organs. Transfer of affinity-purified antibodies against either BmpA or BmpB into B. burgdorferi-infected mice selectively reduced spirochete numbers and inflammatio...
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PMID: 18166585
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nine cases (4.9%) of otosyphilis and none of Lyme disease were diagnosed by serological tests. CONCLUSION: Routine serological testing for otosyphilis, but not Lyme disease, is recommended for all cases of idiopathic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss....
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PMID: 18165003
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) is a well-known periodontal condition characterized by marginal gingival necrosis, bleeding and pain. Necrotizing periodontitis is an extension of NG into the periodontal attachment apparatus, and the two stages are referred to collectively as necrotizing periodontal dise...
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PMID: 18333595
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Infectious Diseases (196)12 2007
Abstract
Abstract
Our results demonstrated that intestinal spirochetosis, although rarely occurring, might play a role in chronic diarrhea and suggested a pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal spirochetosis based on the destruction of colonic microvilli and colitis histologically documented, providing additional clini...
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PMID: 17914949
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic serovars bound to all three types of ECM in the dose-dependent manner and the binding to fibronectin is higher than to collagen and laminin (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Pathogenic leptospires can bind to various types of ECM and the binding of leptospires to fibronecti...
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PMID: 18041434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genes & Development (21)18 2007
Abstract
The rod component of the bacterial flagellum polymerizes from the inner membrane across the periplasmic space and stops at a length of 25 nm at the outer membrane. Bushing structures, the P- and L-rings, polymerize around the distal rod and form a pore in the outer membrane. The flagellar hook struc...
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PMID: 17761814
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (75)9 2007
Abstract
We conclude that spirochetes isolated from PDD lesions have differential virulence and antigenic traits in vivo. Continuing investigation of these properties is important for the elucidation of virulence mechanisms and antigenic targets for vaccine development....
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PMID: 17591787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology and Infection (135)6 2007
Abstract
The occurrence of Brachyspira species and Lawsonia intracellularis was investigated by PCR analyses of faeces from 60 children living on European pig farms. In addition, 60 other children were included as controls. Two samples were positive for B. aalborgi but B. pilosicoli and L. intracellularis we...
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PMID: 17134531
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta bio-medica de L'Ateneo parmense : organo della Societa di medicina e scienze naturali di Parma (78)2 2007
Abstract
Despite the fact that HIS seems to be a low prevalence infection in our area, in a strongly selected population we found 12 cases of this infection (12.12%). These results stimulate us to extend the research of intestinal spirochaetosis in the general population, when long standing gastrointestinal...
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PMID: 17933280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (123)1-3 2007
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess whether nucleotide substitutions in the 16S rDNA sequence of selected Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates could explain differences in doxycycline minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The main part of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and compared for 19...
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PMID: 17428623
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that a tick protein, Salp25D, plays a critical role-in the mammalian host-for acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by the vector. Silencing salp25D in tick salivary glands impaired spirochete acquisition by ticks engorging on B. burgdorferi-infected mice. Immunizing mice against Salp25D also...
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PMID: 18005713
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Medical Microbiology (56)Pt 7 2007
Abstract
These results indicate that ClpX is both conserved and immunogenic and hence might be useful as a subunit vaccine component for Brachyspira spp. infections. Sera from humans with no known exposure to B. pilosicoli reacted with the recombinant ClpX protein, indicating that it is unlikely to be useful...
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PMID: 17577058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (75)6 2007
Abstract
We created a Borrelia burgdorferi mutant that was unable to down regulate OspA. C3H/HeN mice infected with this mutant developed a specific anti-OspA immune response, and the spirochetes were unable to persist in these mice. In contrast, immunodeficient SCID mice were persistently infected with the...
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PMID: 17371860
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II, and one new Cluster III. Thirty-seven phylotypes were grouped in Cluster I. Cluster II comprised three phylotypes, two from Reticulitermes grassei (LJ029 and LJ012) and one from Heterotermes tenuis (LQ016). Three phylotypes, LK057, LK050 and LK028, were affiliated to Cluster III. Members o...
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PMID: 17661292
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Infectious Diseases (195)10 2007
Abstract
This report shows that, after ceftriaxone treatment for 5 days, a portion of B. burgdorferi-infected mice still have live spirochetes in their body, which are activated by anti-TNF-alpha treatment....
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PMID: 17436229
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are novel mechanisms for bacterial gene transfer. They resemble small, tailed bacteriophages in ultrastructure and act like generalized transducing prophages. In contrast to functional prophages, GTAs package random fragments of bacterial genomes and incomplete copies of...
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PMID: 17513139
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is host to a bacteriophage-like agent known as VSH-1. VSH-1 is a novel gene transfer mechanism which does not self-propagate and transfers random 7.5kb fragments of host DNA between B. hyodysenteriae cells. In these investigations early events duri...
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PMID: 17540587
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. Diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. A total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid...
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PMID: 17485934
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroimmunology (183)1-2 2007
Abstract
We analyzed immune cells in brain and kidney with the highly invasive B. crocidurae during the first two weeks of murine infection. In both organs, microglia and/or macrophages predominated while T-cell changes were minimal. Compared to kidney, brain neutrophils infiltrated more rapidly and B-cells...
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PMID: 17184846
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (119)2-4 2007
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of diets with contrasting fermentability in the large intestine on experimental infections with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery, and the whip worm, Trichuris suis, in pigs. Two diets with organically grown ingredients...
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PMID: 17049759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have used microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and analyze multiple, different genes obtained from single bacterial cells harvested from nature. A gene encoding a key enzyme involved in the mutualistic symbiosis occurring between termites and their gut microbiota was us...
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PMID: 17138901
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (118)1-2 2006
Abstract
Rapid identification of porcine Brachyspira species is required in order to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic species. The aim of our study was to compare a recently described genetic method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), nox...
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PMID: 16879935
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We develop a symbiogenetic concept of the origin of eukaryotic intracellular motility systems from anaerobic but aerotolerant spirochetes in sulfide-rich environments. The last eukaryotic common ancestors (LECAs) have extant archaeprotist descendants: motile nucleated cells with Embden-Meyerhof glyc...
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PMID: 16938841
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results indicate that 23S rRNA PCR-RFLP could be used as an identification method for pathogenic Brachyspira spp. (B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli) as well as an epidemiological tool for characterizing spirochetes isolated from swine....
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PMID: 16871023
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Microbiology (116)1-3 2006
Abstract
Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is an infection of the caeca and/or colo-rectum of laying and meat breeder hens caused by anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira. AIS can result in a variety of symptoms, including delayed and/or reduced egg production, and increased faecal w...
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PMID: 16677782
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Histological intestinal spirochetosis appears to be relatively uncommon in Catalonia (Spain) compared to previous reports from other countries, but was identified in patients (0.7%) with chronic watery diarrhea. Sustained clinical recovery after spontaneous or drug-induced spirochetal disappearance...
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PMID: 16872318
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The mean attachment loss increased from 0.33 mm in 1987 to 0.72 mm in 1994 and 1.97 mm in 2002. Analysis identified the amount of subgingival calculus and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans as risk factors, and age as a risk determinant, for the onset of disease. Regarding disease prog...
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PMID: 16899096
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde (131)11 2006
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors for swine dysentery in East-European middle-to-large sized, farrow-to-finish units, with separate breeding and grower-finisher facilities. Samples of faeces from 10 breeding animals (3-10% of the female inventory) and 10 grower fin...
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PMID: 16800228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (74)6 2006
Abstract
The enteric, anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease of pigs that has economic significance in every major pork-producing country. Recent investigation into potential vaccine candidates has focused on the o...
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PMID: 16714554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Griseoviridin, a known antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, was found to be active against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae--the bacterium causing swine dysentery. An in vitro synergism is observed when it is used in combination with viridogrisein--a simultaneously produced antibiotic...
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PMID: 16820711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEMS Microbiology Letters (259)1 2006
Abstract
When cultures of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae were grown under a wide range of in vitro conditions, at least 1% of the cells formed spherical bodies different to the normal helical form. This percentage increased considerably in aging cultures or following their incubation in caramelized media. Spheri...
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PMID: 16684096
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A reassessment was undertaken of published characteristics of the five species of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes in the genus Brachyspira (Brachyspira aalborgi, Brachyspira alvinipulli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira innocens and Brachyspira pilosicoli) and the two species in the genus S...
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PMID: 16627646
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biophysical Journal (90)8 2006
Abstract
We demonstrated a new method of measuring the swimming speed and wave frequency of spirochetes and the motion characteristics of a swine intestinal spirochete, Brachyspira pilosicoli strain NK1f, measured in viscous environments. Several sets of swimming speed and wave frequency data were simultaneo...
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PMID: 16415052
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
D-ribose utilisation was studied in 60 Brachyspira pilosicoli strains and 35 strains of other Brachyspira species, the majority of which were of porcine origin. Utilisation of D-ribose was demonstrated indirectly by measuring the reduction in pH of densely inoculated tryptone-peptone broth supplemen...
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PMID: 16701624
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The M-PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific test for detecting three important enteric bacterial pathogens of pigs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The availability of a new diagnostic M-PCR will allow rapid detection and control of three key porcine enteric pathogens....
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PMID: 16478518
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There are few studies on antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira pilosicoli, therefore this study was performed to investigate the situation among isolates from pigs. The tiamulin and tylosin susceptibility was determined by broth dilution for 93 and 86 porcine B. pilosicoli isolates, respective...
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PMID: 16253666
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
137 taxa were identified among 177 isolates and 417 clones sequenced. Of these, 86 were detected only by the molecular technique whereas 26 were found only by culture. Sequences from 81 taxa did not correspond to those of named species and of these, 38 were not represented in the nucleotide database...
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PMID: 16390343
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (35)1 2006
Abstract
The role of Brachyspira bacteria in the aetiology of increased mortality observed in two breeder goose flocks (Flock A consisting of 1,500 and Flock B comprising 4,500 laying geese) at the end of the first egg-laying season, in the period of moulting, was studied. In Flock A 415 geese (28%) died dur...
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PMID: 16448936
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (35)1 2006
Abstract
Susceptibilities of predominantly Australian isolates of the pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira intermedia (n = 25) and Brachyspira pilosicoli (n = 17) from chickens were tested in agar dilution against four concentrations each of the antimicrobials tiamulin, lincomycin, tylosin, metroni...
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PMID: 16448937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This report is an attempt at characterizing a unique population within the periodontal realm. The long-term monitoring of these patients allowed for an assessment of factors that may be involved in the continued decline of the periodontal health of these patients. Based on the immune profile, it is...
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PMID: 16460260
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There are no approved standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the fastidious spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. An interlaboratory study was performed to establish MIC quality control ranges for six antimicrobial agents for the type strain of B. hyodysenteriae using broth dilution....
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PMID: 17002550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We focus on four species of spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola, Treponema phagedenis and Leptonema (formerly Leptospira) illini. In spirochetes, the flagella reside in the periplasmic space. Rotation of the flagella in the above species by a flagellar motor induces changes in the...
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PMID: 16983197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Microbiology (152)Pt 1 2006
Abstract
Microbiology (152)Pt 1 2006
Abstract
Lipoproteins are of great interest in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of spirochaetes. Because spirochaete lipobox sequences exhibit more plasticity than those of other bacteria, application of existing prediction algorithms to emerging sequence data has been problematic. In this paper a nov...
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PMID: 16385121
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I or Bgl II. S. innocens and Treponema succinifaciens, non-pathogenic pig intestinal spirochetes, had rRNA gene restriction patterns that differed markedly from the S. hyodysenteriae patterns, and from each other....
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEMS Microbiology Letters (197)2 2006
Abstract
Previously-developed PCR protocols specific for the 16S rRNA gene of the intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli were adapted for the detection of these species in human faeces, following DNA extraction and purification using mini-prep columns. The limits of detection...
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PMID: 11313130
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Hypotheses (67)4 2006
Abstract
We have been "stuck" like a broken record, on the corkscrew form, and have failed to see the rest of the life cycle. Cystic, granular, and cell wall deficient spirochetal profiles, which were well known in the 19th and 20th centuries by such titans as Schaudinn, Hoffman, Noguchi, Delamater, Steiner,...
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PMID: 16716532
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Hypotheses (67)4 2006
Abstract
Here is proposed a hypothesis that a completely unsuspected biology exists for pathogenic spirochetes, namely that the cystic spirochetal forms (long thought to be static and resting or just a dormant cohort) actually are capable of killing mammalian host cells. At least two "lethal" scenarios are p...
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PMID: 16828236
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lakartidningen (103)46 2006
Abstract
Abstract
A 38-year-old heterosexual male presented with a 6 to 7 week history of severe diarrhoea but no other complaints. In routine faecal cultures and routine parasitological investigations no pathogenic micro-organisms were observed. Colonoscopy revealed a normal mucosa. Multiple biopsies were obtained....
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PMID: 16398171
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.