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Immobility Response, Tonic (0):
Recent article
Immobility Response, Tonic
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure on behaviors in the forced swim test (FST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in specific brain regions. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to intermittent ethanol vapor (14 h on/10 h...
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PMID: 20705420
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Pharmaceutical Biology (48)7 2010
Abstract
These results suggest that polygalasaponin possesses evident anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities and has a relatively safe dose range, which supports the use of Polygala tenuifolia root as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic drug in folk medicine....
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PMID: 20645780
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show here that ablation of Rxrgamma in mice leads to depressive-like behaviors including increased despair and anhedonia, which were accompanied by reduced expression of dopamine D2 receptor in the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) and altered serotonin signaling. While abnormal serotonin signalin...
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PMID: 20620876
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)22 2010
Abstract
We used global and conditional TASK channel single and double subunit knock-out mice to demonstrate definitively that TASK channels account for motoneuronal, anesthetic-activated K(+) currents and to test their contributions to sedative, hypnotic, and immobilizing anesthetic actions. In motoneurons...
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PMID: 20519544
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We therefore explored the role of CaV1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels in depression- and anxiety-like behaviours using CaV1.3-deficient mice (CaV1.3-/-). We showed that CaV1.3-/- mice displayed less immobility in the forced swim test as well as in the tail suspension test, indicating an antidepressant-like...
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PMID: 19664321
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the putative antidepressant-like effects of hydroethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts from the aerial parts of Sonchus oleraceus (Family Asteraceae) on the performance of male mice in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) models p...
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PMID: 20136459
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The latent excitation focus in the sensorimotor cortex of rabbits was formed by a series of pulses of the threshold current applied on a paw with 2-second intervals. After repeated applications of the routine immobilization procedure, besides the 2-second starts of the paw in response to testing sti...
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PMID: 20873136
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Influence of "animal hypnosis" on the motor polarization dominanta created by direct anodic current applied on the left sensorimotor cortex of the rabbit ("left" dominanta) was studied in chronic experiments. Animal behavior and electrophysiological characteristics were recorded. It was impossible t...
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PMID: 20352683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychopharmacology (35)2 2010
Abstract
Impairments in bioenergetic function, cellular resiliency, and structural plasticity are associated with the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests that creatine, an ergogenic compound known to promote cell survival and influence the production and usage of energy in the brain...
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PMID: 19829292
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Pharmacology (20)7 2009
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated thiazolidinedione therapy as medical treatments for some central nervous system disorders, such as cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is limited data to support a direct role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ...
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PMID: 19745723
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that diet plays an integral role in determining efficacy of antidepressant drugs, and might well generalize to other psychoactive drugs that impinge upon the 5-HT transporter....
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PMID: 19419596
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (201)2 2009
Abstract
We show an antidepressant-like activity in the FST with all the molecules, except with the fluvoxamine, and an anxiolytic-like effect in the EPM, with at least one dose of each compounds. The observed effect is very similar according to whether or not the animals were ischemic, with a tendency to re...
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PMID: 19428643
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis (101)6 2009
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that venous blood velocity can be increased while sitting by repetitive dorsiflexion of the foot. Time-averaged peak velocity (TAPV) in the popliteal vein of 20 healthy male volunteers was measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound at rest and during ankle exercise in the supine an...
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PMID: 19492154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (198)1 2009
Abstract
Our data suggest that isolation rearing is an appropriate procedure to model some developmental-related alterations underlying depression disorders....
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PMID: 19027796
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (197)1 2009
Abstract
These results show that TIS can modulate pain perception similar to animals that did not experience a pain CS. They additionally argue that tonic immobility can produce attenuation of pain perception similar to hypnosis in humans....
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PMID: 18793674
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The dynamics of modification of individual rhythms of electrical activity in both hemispheres was studied under condition of chronic experiments in rabbits during "animal hypnosis" sessions. It was shown that, after the first "animal hypnosis" session, significant changes in the spectral power of el...
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PMID: 19445384
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropharmacology (56)6-7 2009
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which L-type Ca+ channel blockers exerted potentiating effects on pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, the present study was undertaken to determine if the interaction of diltiazem and serotonergic system influences the architecture of pentobarbital sleep i...
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PMID: 19371588
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Immunobiology (214)1 2009
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome, infection and oxidative stress are interrelated in epidemiological case studies. However, data demonstrating scientific validation of epidemiological claims regarding effectiveness of nutritional supplements for chronic fatigue syndrome are lacking. This study is designed t...
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PMID: 19159825
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nutritional Neuroscience (11)6 2008
Abstract
Depression is a major public health problem affecting about 12% of the world population. Drugs exist but they have many side effects. In the last few years, natural substances (e.g. flavonoids) have been tested to cure such disorders. Cocoa polyphenolic extract is a complex compound prepared from no...
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PMID: 19000380
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (109)6 2008
Abstract
Relative to wakefulness, GABA levels were significantly decreased by isoflurane. Increased power in the electroencephalogram and decreased activity in the electromyogram caused by isoflurane covaried with pontine reticular formation GABA levels. Nipecotic acid and 3-mercaptopropionic acid significan...
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PMID: 19034094
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (194)1 2008
Abstract
Bupropion (4 and 8mg/kg) combined with inactive doses of antidepressants, decreased immobility time in the mice FST except with sertraline and desipramine. In conclusion, the antidepressant-enhancing effects of bupropion, in the present study, are in agreement with preliminary clinical evidence sugg...
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PMID: 18647622
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (193)2 2008
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, is well known as a mediator in early stage inflammatory immune reactions. In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that IL-6 is concomitant with the occurrence of major depression. However, the identification of the role of IL-6, as either an...
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PMID: 18573547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Letters (445)2 2008
Frequency of climbing behavior as a predictor of altered motor activity in rat forced swimming test.
Abstract
We believe that this parameter could be useful for fast and reliable discrimination between antidepressant drugs and stimulants of motor activity....
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PMID: 18789375
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Letters (445)1 2008
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported the beneficial outcome of addition of lower doses of risperidone to antidepressant therapy specifically with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of major depression. The present study, therefore, examined the beneficial effect, if any, of a...
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PMID: 18778754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We carried out a retrospective study in a sample of 100 university students to establish whether tonic immobility varies depending on the nature of the worst trauma experienced, defined subjectively by each participant. Immobility was assessed using the Tonic Immobility Scale and traumas were assess...
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PMID: 18988436
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (95)3 2008
Abstract
We tested and compared parameters of immobility based either on the speed of an object (animal) movement or based on the percentage change in the object's area between the consecutive video frames. We also examined the effects of an erosion-dilation filtering procedure on the results obtained with b...
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PMID: 18656493
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (95)3 2008
Abstract
We have developed a test for zebrafish to assess stress response and anxiety: the novel tank diving test. In this short test normally zebrafish dive to the bottom of a novel tank and then gradually over the 5-min test begin exploring higher levels of the tank. Nicotine, which has anxiolytic effects...
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PMID: 18671990
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that operant extinction of escape from water results in the expression of immobility in different age groups, indicative of behavioral "despair", which was also associated with the resistance-to-extinction (RTE) expressed by these animals. With respect to the neurotrophin hypothesis of depr...
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PMID: 18662794
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (191)1 2008
Abstract
We observed that when combined with veratrine the antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine was reversed, but the antidepressant-like effect of the imipramine, desipramine and paroxetine was not changed, indicating that the mechanism of action of lamotrigine is different from that of antidepressants...
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PMID: 18433891
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (191)1 2008
Abstract
The organophosphorus compound soman produces long-lasting epileptic seizure activity which is associated to brain damage, more particularly in the hippocampus and the amygdala. The companion paper (see part 1 in the same journal issue) describes the neuropathology in the amygdala of soman-poisoned m...
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PMID: 18457884
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Data confirm a robust and response-specific potentiating effect of MK-801 on sensitivity to EtOH's intoxicating effects. Inactivation of three major components of glutamate signaling had no or only partial impact on the ability of MK-801 to potentiate behavioral sensitivity to EtOH. Further work to...
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PMID: 18565157
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relative potency of racemic ketamine and S(+)-ketamine for the hypnotic effect and to evaluate the clinical anesthesia produced by equianesthetic doses of these two substances in dogs. One hundred and eight dogs were allocated in groups R2, R2.5, R3, R6, R9...
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PMID: 18638295
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (87)8 2008
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of bad collocation of the wing tag on feather amelanosis, the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, fluctuating asymmetry, and tonic immobility duration at 140 d of age in hens from the White-Faced Black Spanish breed. A total of 52 females were...
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PMID: 18648046
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study evaluated whether tonic immobility mediates the relations between perceived inescapability, peritraumatic fear, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among sexual assault survivors. Female undergraduates (N = 176) completed questionnaires assessing assault history, per...
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PMID: 18720396
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (87)7 2008
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of microwave toe treatment and an increasing photoperiod on stress and fear levels in broiler chickens. Upon delivery from the hatchery, the toe tips of 364 male and 364 female broilers were exposed to microwave energy to restrict claw gro...
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PMID: 18577602
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two classic animal behavior despair tests--the Forced Swimming Test (FST) and the Tail Suspension Test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of liquiritin and isoliquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in mice. It was observed that both liquiritin and isoliquiritin at doses of 10, 20...
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PMID: 18289754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effect of varying the length and timing of photic stimulation in the dark phase of an L/D lighting cycle on behavioral despair was investigated in female Wistar rats. Animals were kept in a vivarium on an L/D 12 h:12 h light cycle (lights on at 0700 h) except for a single day of light exposure i...
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PMID: 18485555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropharmacology (55)1 2008
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on emotional, locomotor and social behavior, body temperature and circulating corticosterone in female Y2 (Y2-/-) and Y4 (Y4-/-) receptor knockout mice. LPS (0.1mg/kg injected IP 2.5h before testing) increased rectal temperature...
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PMID: 18508096
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1216) 2008
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) following acute, chronic and withdrawal treatments of ethanol with reference to depression. The degree of depression was evaluated using Porsolt's forced swim test. While intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) alpha-MSH (1...
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PMID: 18499089
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (190)1 2008
Abstract
We previously reported that males undergoing chronic social stress (SS) (daily 1h isolation and new cage partner on days 30-45 of age) in adolescence habituated (decreased corticosterone release) to the homotypic stressor, but females did not. Here, we report that adolescent males exposed to chronic...
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PMID: 18342957
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (94)3 2008
Abstract
We investigated the effect of microinjection of the EAA agonist dl-homocysteic acid (DLH) and the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801) into the ventrolateral and dorsal PAG over the duration of TI in guinea pigs. Microinjection of 15 nmol/0.2 microl of DLH into the ventrolateral...
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PMID: 18378267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (94)3 2008
Abstract
These results suggest that the anti-immobility effect of amitriptyline in HI-rats is mediated in part by endogenous adenosine....
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PMID: 18436269
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytomedicine (15)6-7 2008
Abstract
These results indicate an antidepressant-like profile of action for the hydro-ethanolic extract and the component(s) of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from A. polystachya, which deserve further investigation....
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PMID: 18222666
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the behavioral changes of Wistar male rats fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 2 months in experimental models of depression and anxiety, such as the forced swim test (FST) paradigm and the novelty-induced grooming sampling test (NGT). The correlation between behavioral depression...
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PMID: 18222653
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1212) 2008
Abstract
Our aim was to identify neuropeptide substrates in the central nervous system involved in stress sensitisation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to ten footshocks in 15 min (preshocked) or placed in the same cage without shocks (control). Two weeks later, rats were placed in a novel cage, subjected to...
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PMID: 18440496
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychopharmacology (33)6 2008
Abstract
We have used the phenotypic and genotypic variability of inbred mouse strains to show that there is a genetic component to both the behavioral and neuronal effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment, and that this antidepressant induces an increase in hippocampal cell proliferation only in the strains...
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PMID: 17609676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1203) 2008
Abstract
We employed microdialysis techniques in the rat frontal cortex to monitor extracellular changes in normetanephrine following chronic administration of the clinically effective antidepressant, venlafaxine (a serotonin (5-HT) and NE reuptake inhibitor). We evaluated the neurochemical effects of inhibi...
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PMID: 18321472
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (188)2 2008
Abstract
We investigated the antidepressant-like effect of zinc chloride (zinc) administered acutely during 7 days (i.p. route), or chronically during 30 days (oral route) in the forced swimming test (FST) in rats. It was also investigated whether the antidepressant-like effect of zinc is associated with cha...
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PMID: 18191237
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (188)2 2008
Abstract
We conclude that the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine seems not to be mediated by the serotonergic system. We failed to confirm the reported anxiolytic-like activity of agmatine....
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PMID: 18177953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Affective Disorders (107)1-3 2008
Abstract
We have expanded the scope of the two previous investigations on PTI by showing its occurrence also in men and during non-sexual violence. In addition, the finding of a significant relationship between PTI and poor response to treatment of PTSD indicates that PTI may carry a prognostic value in this...
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PMID: 17719650
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A former study with scenarios conducted in Hawaii has suggested that humans share with non-human mammals the same basic defensive strategies - risk assessment, freezing, defensive threat, defensive attack, and flight. The selection of the most adaptive strategy is strongly influenced by features of...
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PMID: 18392455
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (87)4 2008
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of housing system and cold stress on the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, the fluctuating asymmetry, and the tonic immobility duration of chickens. In experiment 1, hens (n=120; 36 wk old) from 5 Spanish breeds and a White Leghorn population, which...
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PMID: 18339981
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl amino/amino-4-aryl-5-imino-Delta(2)-1,2,4-thiadiazoline have been synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route and characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data. The anticonvulsant activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against maximal electroshock ind...
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PMID: 17624632
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research Bulletin (75)5 2008
Abstract
Most of the evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is involved in mood disorders. The CRF receptors type 1 (CRF(1) receptors) elicit a stress response, and their natural and synthetic antagonists have been studied as possible drugs against depression, whereas CRF receptors type...
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PMID: 18355626
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology (116)3 2008
Abstract
Our results demonstrate that inflorescences of stored specimens obtained from popular local markets show the same effectiveness with regard to sedative and anxiolytic-like actions than freshly collected samples. Since no toxicity was observed through this route of administration (up to 5000mg/kg); t...
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PMID: 18242902
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (188)1 2008
Abstract
We used two types of depressive animal models by exposing rats to chronic mild stress (CMS) and by chronically administering the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine (CLI) in the rat during the neonatal state of life to produce adult depressed rats. We investigated the effects of lateral habenular...
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PMID: 18054396
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Pharmacology (19)2 2008
Abstract
These results suggest that contextual fear conditioning acquisition does not depend on the DH. This structure, however, is crucial for the consolidation of contextual fear. Moreover, although the DH appears to be less important for the behavioral (freezing) changes induced by re-exposure to the aver...
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PMID: 18332678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Processes (77)3 2008
Abstract
Most tests used to study fear in birds involve transferring them to a novel environment, which constitutes a bias in studies aiming at identifying the neural correlates of a specific fear-inducing situation. In order to investigate fear in birds with minimum interference by humans, behavioural and e...
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PMID: 17720332
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (93)3 2008
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is an unlearned fear response induced by a brief physical restraint and characterized by a marked autonomic nervous system involvement. This experiment aimed at studying the relative involvement of both autonomic sub-systems, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,...
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PMID: 18045628
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (93)3 2008
Abstract
KINSEY, S. G., BAILEY, M. T., SHERIDAN, J. F., PADGETT, D. A. The inflammatory response to social defeat is increased in older mice. PHYSIOL BEHAV 91(0) 000-000, 2007. Previous research indicates that repeated social defeat of mice causes increased lymphocyte trafficking to the spleen, elevated proi...
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PMID: 18068740
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.