Abstract
Four studies investigated whether political allegiance and salience of outgroup membership contribute to the phenomenon of acceptance of false, stigmatizing information (smears) about political candidates. Studies 1-3 were conducted in the month prior to the 2008 U.S. Presidential election and toget...
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PMID: 20677891
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In 1955, a highly secret Government report painted a bleak picture of Britain after a nuclear war. Without greatly improved civil defence measures, the report warned, a hydrogen bomb attack on Britain could kill one-third of the population within 24h and leave swathes of land uninhab...
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PMID: 19481263
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper discusses how psychoanalytic ideas were brought to bear in the Allied struggle against the Third Reich and explores some of the claims that were made about this endeavour. It shows how a variety of studies of Fascist psychopathology, centered on the concept of superego, were mobilized in...
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PMID: 19791314
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The social eugenics is the real face of the biomedical application of an ideological paradigm, self-styled like "progressive", that claims the radical transformation of the western society from laicist and utilitarians positions. This article tries to decipher the historical roots, the bioethical la...
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PMID: 19507916
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used tobacco industry documents to analyze how tobacco companies worked to discredit CTE. They hired public relations firms, had academics critique CTE, hired consultants to produce "independent" estimates of the importance of tobacco to national economies, and worked through front groups, partic...
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PMID: 18950924
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Although the classical ideal is that scientific theories are evaluated by a careful teasing-out of their internal logic and external implications, and checking whether these deductions and predictions are in-line-with old and new observations; the fact that so many vague, dumb or incoherent scientif...
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PMID: 18603380
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that strategic frames may also provide a context that is more conducive to learning in mixed media news environments than that provided by value frames, those focused on the value conflict between principled policy opponents. Further analysis reveals that this effect is most clearly seen amo...
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PMID: 18721093
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The efforts of members of the tobacco industry to portray themselves as responsible corporations via ostensible commitment to improved labour practices and public philanthropy have attracted growing criticism. This is particularly true of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes undertaken in e...
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PMID: 18653794
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the sociology of knowledge as a framework, the purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to examine the discourses surrounding the AIDS news in China; (2) to determine how Chinese people with AIDS and the identification of their social groups are covered at the national level...
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PMID: 18569366
PDF is available here.
Abstract
While there was considerable opposition to smoking in Nazi Germany, there was no consistent Nazi policy to combat smoking, and what did exist built on pre-existing policies. Although extreme measures were taken in isolated localities or by overzealous party members, there was a marked ambivalence to...
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PMID: 18222506
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We draw on previously secret tobacco industry documents, now available on the Internet to show how both of these programs utilized academic sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, psychologists, philosophers and economists, and allowed the industry to develop and widely disseminate frie...
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PMID: 18164524
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Many people may search for information about tobacco use, the largest cause of preventable mortality in the United States, on the Internet. In 1999, Philip Morris U.S.A. (PM), the country's biggest cigarette manufacturer, posted a Web site and launched a campaign to encourage people to obtain inform...
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PMID: 18950420
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Lysenkoism in Poland was never an autonomous phenomenon. The whole array of reasons for which it appeared in Polish science would require a separate study--here it only needs to be pointed out that the major reasons included terror on the part of the security service, lawlessness, the ubiquitous atm...
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PMID: 19244738
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our purpose is to increase the awareness of how pharmaceutical companies may influence physicians by framing the risk of medication side effects to favor their products.
(c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel....
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PMID: 18418026
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cigarette advertisements have used the term "natural" since at least 1910, but it was not until the 1950s that "natural" referred to a core element of brand identity, used to describe specific product attributes (filter, menthol, tobacco leaf). The term "additive-free", introduced in the 1980s, is n...
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PMID: 18048597
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the treatment of health issues in the Bamako press during one year. The analysis of various processes (external references, lack of training, insufficient deontological standards, "elite" complicity among journalists and health directors) allows us to underline the complexity of the link...
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PMID: 17824318
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In 1952, the University of Michigan physiologist Robert Gesell shocked his colleagues at the business meeting of the American Physiological Society by reading a prepared statement in which he claimed that some of the animal experimentation being carried out by scientists was inhumane. He especially...
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PMID: 17272315
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Introduction: The tobacco industry usually keeps its commercial and political communications separate. However, the images of the smoker developed by the two types of communication may contradict one another. This study assesses industry attempts to organize 'smokers' rights groups,' (SRGs) and the i...
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PMID: 17065174
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Throughout the 1990s, health advocates engaged in a significant mobilization against the dangers of tobacco use and the tobacco industry. In 1993, the tobacco industry counter-mobilized through the National Smokers Alliance (NSA), a public relations created front group funded by the tobacco industry...
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PMID: 17558787
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The tobacco industry funded the majority of expert witnesses appearing for it, beyond simple recompense for the time involved. This may have unconsciously influenced the testimony given by the witnesses. This funding should be considered in court, but links between experts and the industry were ofte...
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PMID: 17523993
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper is based on the Bruce Burns Memorial Trust Lecture, Terrorism and Mental Health, presented in October 2005, in Birmingham. In addition to written sources, it is informed by the author's experience and contact with military and police experts in this arena over 28 years as a member of the...
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PMID: 17566906
PDF is available here.
Abstract
When, as a condition of the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in 1998, US tobacco companies disbanded the Council for Tobacco Research and the Center for Indoor Air Research, they lost a vital connection to scientists in academia and the private sector. The aim of this paper was to investigate two n...
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PMID: 17565125
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper discusses how those espousing racist or separatist ideologies seek to persuade others to conform to their beliefs. Using examples from Nazi Germany, White Power movements in the USA and the extreme fringes of Zionist politics, it illustrates how notions of identity are linked to positions...
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PMID: 17565785
PDF is available here.
Abstract
ARISE successfully planted stories in the press, designed to allay the health concerns of smokers and to discredit health promotion information and practices. ARISE's later interest in food suggests that counterfactual 'health' messages on almost any topic could be promoted similarly, regardless of...
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PMID: 16837518
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A Swiss pharmaceutical company (F-Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.), first introduced the profession of "propagandist" in Japan in 1912. At the time, Shohei Ninomiya was a chief hospital pharmacist, but he changed his vocation to become the first "propah" (Japanese abbreviation for propagandist). The German p...
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PMID: 18548887
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our longitudinal analysis provides insights into how and when the industry changed its plans and provides public health advocates with potential counterstrategies....
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PMID: 16885582
PDF is available here.
Abstract
PM's Project Sunrise, initiated in 1995 and proposed to continue through 2006, was a long-term plan to address tobacco industry delegitimisation and ensure the social acceptability of smoking and of the company itself. Project Sunrise laid out an explicit divide-and-conquer strategy against the toba...
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PMID: 16728753
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A patient (V.Z.) is described as being affected by progressive bilateral atrophy of the mesial temporal lobes resulting in semantic dementia. Vis-a-vis virtually nil recognition of even the most familiar faces (including those of her closest relatives) as well as of objects and animals, V.Z. could n...
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PMID: 16771038
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The so-called media agenda has a great influence on the issues considered to be important by society. In this article, based on the Informe Quiral (Quiral Survey), the author analyses the coverage of health issues in Spanish press. In Spain, media concentration causes a clear tendency to information...
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PMID: 16539983
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a historical example of forensic investigation of civilian victims of an armed conflict. During the Civil War in Finland in 1918, 77 external examinations with photographic documentation and 10 forensic autopsies were carried out. However, incorrect conclusions concerning post-mortem chan...
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PMID: 16012829
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper aimed to determine the central and peripheral roles of consumers' social representations concerning generic drugs, establishing mechanisms that could be used to improve policies for this type of medication in Brazil. The research was done from April 2002 to February 2003 in the city of Na...
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PMID: 16583109
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Health education and propaganda acquired importance during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Mexico City, as physicians, hygienists, and schoolteachers attempted to teach the principles of public health to a culturally and socially heterogeneous urban population.I explore the organization of...
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PMID: 16322465
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined how and why the tobacco industry sought to influence science and scientists in Germany as a possible factor in explaining the German opposition to stricter tobacco regulation. Smoking and health research programs were organized both separately by individual tobacco companies and jointly...
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PMID: 16317203
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A political discourse of peace marked the distribution and use of radioisotopes in biomedical research and in medical diagnosis and therapy in the post-World War II period. This occurred during the era of expansion and strengthening of the United States' influence on the promotion of sciences and te...
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PMID: 17575958
PDF is available here.