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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Psychology, Experimental (0):
Recent article
Psychology, Experimental
Abstract
We propose two methods to limit the computation load. We show, first, that orthogonal contrasts limit the computational load and, second, that when combined with Gill's (2007) algorithm, the factorial permutation test is both practical and efficient. For within-subjects designs, the factorial permut...
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PMID: 20479168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Using a runway paradigm to assess the relative strength of rats' motivations for enrichment objects.
Abstract
We propose a third methodology: a runway paradigm, which can be used to assess the strength of an animal's motivation for enrichment objects, is simpler to use than consumer demand studies, and is faster to complete than typical choice tests. Time spent with objects in a standard choice test was use...
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PMID: 20479183
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A constellation of joint probability estimates is semantically coherent when the quantitative relationship among estimates of P(A), P(B), P(A and B), and P(A or B) is consistent with the relationship among the sets described in the problem statement. The possible probability estimates can form an ex...
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PMID: 20479169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared it against the performances of the primary competing indices in the field, which include vocd-D, TTR, Maas, Yule's K, and an HD-D index derived directly from the hypergeometric distribution function. The comparisons involved assessments of convergent validity, divergent validity, interna...
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PMID: 20479170
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have created and publicly released a computer application, the High Dimensional Explorer (HiDEx), that makes it possible to systematically alter the values of these parameters to examine their effect on the co-occurrence matrix that instantiates the model. We took an empirical approach to underst...
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PMID: 20479171
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Psychologists increasingly recommend experimental analysis of mediation. This is a step in the right direction because mediation analyses based on nonexperimental data are likely to be biased and because experiments, in principle, provide a sound basis for causal inference. But even experiments cann...
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PMID: 20307128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Psychologist (65)2 2010
Abstract
Evolutionary psychology has emerged over the past 15 years as a major theoretical perspective, generating an increasing volume of empirical studies and assuming a larger presence within psychological science. At the same time, it has generated critiques and remains controversial among some psycholog...
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PMID: 20141266
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two statistics, one recent and one well known, are shown to be equivalent. The recent statistic, p(rep), gives the probability that the sign of an experimental effect is replicable by an experiment of equal power. That statistic is equivalent to the well-known measure for the area under a receiver o...
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PMID: 19017433
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Psychologist (64)8 2009
Abstract
Psychological Methods (14)3 2009
Abstract
The fixed-effects (FE) meta-analytic confidence intervals for unstandardized and standardized mean differences are based on an unrealistic assumption of effect-size homogeneity and perform poorly when this assumption is violated. The random-effects (RE) meta-analytic confidence intervals are based o...
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PMID: 19719359
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
As there seems to be a recurrent feeling of crisis in psychology, its present state is analyzed in this article. The author believes that in addition to the traditional manifestations that have dogged psychology since it emerged as an independent science some new features of the crisis have emerged....
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PMID: 19067090
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I errors and power. Simulation results show that the proposed formulas can control Type I errors and achieve the desired power under the various conditions specified. Finally, the implications for determining sample sizes in experimental studies and future research are discussed....
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PMID: 18157920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
R. Baron and D. A. Kenny's (1986) paper introducing mediation analysis has been cited over 9,000 times, but concerns have been expressed about how this method is used. The authors review past and recent methodological literature and make recommendations for how to address 3 main issues: association,...
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PMID: 19350833
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We show how to calculate weights which cancel the biases contained in the MLE equations. The exact weights can be computed when the population parameters are known and the expected weights when they are not. Two of the three weights' expected values are dependent only on the sample size, whereas the...
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PMID: 18177546
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (108)1 2009
Abstract
The use of the simplest chronoscope (a falling meterstick) to measure visual reaction time (RT) in college students of both sexes is described. Tests of three hypotheses showed that (1) mean simple RT was significantly faster than long-standing population approximations and (2) a single-factor, repe...
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PMID: 19425458
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
American Psychologist (64)2 2009
Abstract
I asked why he did not similarly analyze football for the Baltimore Colts. He said it might spoil his love for that game. After his death, nonsolicited kudos circulating on the Internet included such comments as "I wish I had known him" and "I didn't know him, but I did know his elegant and insightf...
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PMID: 19203147
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Psychologist (64)2 2009
Abstract
I asked why he did not similarly analyze football for the Baltimore Colts. He said it might spoil his love for that game. After his death, nonsolicited kudos circulating on the Internet included such comments as "I wish I had known him" and "I didn't know him, but I did know his elegant and insightf...
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PMID: 19203147
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Psychologist (64)2 2009
Abstract
I asked why he did not similarly analyze football for the Baltimore Colts. He said it might spoil his love for that game. After his death, nonsolicited kudos circulating on the Internet included such comments as "I wish I had known him" and "I didn't know him, but I did know his elegant and insightf...
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PMID: 19203147
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study examines the practice of empirical psychology in China during the Republican period using a content analysis of its journals. By seeking answers to questions of what kinds of psychology from the West first attracted the Chinese; whether they found a way of developing a psychology m...
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PMID: 19137614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Alfred Lehmann (1858-1921) was the pioneer of experimental psychology in Denmark. He established a laboratory of psychophysics in Copenhagen in 1886 after spending a winter in Wundt's laboratory. Philosophical psychology had been taught for the better part of the nineteenth century at the University...
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PMID: 19137617
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Methods (13)4 2008
Abstract
Structural equation models are commonly used to analyze 2-mode data sets, in which a set of objects is measured on a set of variables. The underlying structure within the object mode is evaluated using latent variables, which are measured by indicators coming from the variable mode. Additionally, wh...
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PMID: 19071998
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Methods (13)4 2008
Abstract
In a well-designed experiment, random assignment of participants to treatments makes causal inference straightforward. However, if participants are not randomized (as in observational study, quasi-experiment, or nonequivalent control-group designs), group comparisons may be biased by confounders tha...
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PMID: 19071996
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Methods (13)4 2008
Abstract
The authors argue that the current state of applied data-based test analytic practice is unstructured and unmethodical due in large part to the fact that there is no clearly specified, widely accepted test analytic framework for judging the performances of particular tests in particular contexts. Dr...
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PMID: 19072000
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The contributions of Joseph V. Brady to behavioral pharmacology span more than 50 years and range from early studies using the Estes-Skinner (conditioned emotional response) procedure to examine drug effects and various physiological processes in experimental animals to the implementation of mobile...
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PMID: 19070344
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In current cognitive psychology, naming latencies are commonly measured by electronic voice keys that detect when sound exceeds a certain amplitude threshold. However, recent research (e.g., K. Rastle & M. H. Davis, 2002) has shown that these devices are particularly inaccurate in precisely detectin...
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PMID: 18823214
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Our tests with the detector so far have shown that it is 100% accurate in detecting pellet delivery. The individual unit cost is approximately 25 dollars. The low cost and versatility of the device offer an easy method to ensure the integrity of food delivery in operant settings....
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PMID: 18831128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate here that, when proper measures are taken to handle the various sources of temporal error, accuracy can be achieved at the 1 ms time-scale that is relevant for the alignment of behavioral and neural events....
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PMID: 18606188
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Processes (78)3 2008
Abstract
These results are compared with previous studies of repeated exposure to other novel environments....
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PMID: 18406075
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An inexpensive and automated method for presentation of olfactory or tactile stimuli in a two-choice task for rats was implemented with the use of a computer-controlled bidirectional motor. The motor rotated a disk that presented two stimuli of different texture for tactile discrimination, or differ...
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PMID: 18683616
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The history of cumulative recorders manufactured in Japan between the early 1970s and the present is described. The first such instrument was the Tosoku-Kogyo Company's Model T-45A, followed thereafter by its Model T-45B, built on the same chassis as the T-45A, but with different electrical and mech...
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PMID: 18683617
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied social play in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and crested macaques (Macaca nigra). Comparative studies have shown that whereas low levels of tolerance and strict hierarchies characterize Japanese macaques, crested macaques display greater tolerance and relaxed dominance. The results s...
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PMID: 18393281
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluate the Type I error rates and power that result from four commonly used single-point measures: d', A', percent correct, and gamma. We also test a newly proposed measure called gammaC. For all measures, we consider several ways of handling cases in which false alarm rate = 0 or hit rate = 1....
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PMID: 18372758
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence (93)1-2 2008
Abstract
We divided all morphine doses by two in first 3 days, (ii) 2-day (M100%-2D, n=14) and (iii) 1-day morphine application (M100%-1D; n=13). The results showed that only 50% doses of morphine that are used according to Marshall method is sufficient to induce morphine dependence whereas they are not able...
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PMID: 17961932
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We assessed the effects of reinforcement and no reinforcement for compliance to high-probability (high-p) instructions on compliance to low-probability (low-p) instructions using a reversal design. For both participants, compliance with the low-p instruction increased only when compliance with high-...
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PMID: 18816986
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Participants were trained and tested to select stimuli of differing physical quantities in the presence of 2 color contextual cues for more than and less than. Following more than and less than relational training, participants allocated the majority of their responses to the slot machine that share...
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PMID: 18816988
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Research suggests that including leisure items in the attention condition of a functional analysis may produce engagement that masks sensitivity to attention. In this study, 4 individuals' initial functional analyses indicated that behavior was maintained by nonsocial variables (n = 3) or by attenti...
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PMID: 18816974
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I errors, even with a sample size of 300. More precisely, when researchers test at the .05 level, the actual Type I error probability can exceed .10. The authors of this article extended J. B. Hittner et al.'s research by considering a variety of alternative methods. They found 3 that avoid inflatin...
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PMID: 18318411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This article describes and evaluates Gilbert Gottlieb's role as an intermediator between psychology and evolutionary biology. He proposed that altered developmental conditions gave rise to new behavioral phenotypes (behavioral neophenotypes) that could provide the basis for initiating speciation. As...
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PMID: 18022998
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gilbert Gottlieb's theory of probabilistic epigenesis is a fertile ground for further theoretical construction in developmental science. It fills in the gap in the domineering empiricism and honoring of inductive generalization that dominates psychology in the beginning of the 21st century, by offer...
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PMID: 18023002
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A tribute to the career of Gilbert Gottlieb represented in the contributions to developmental science of his former students and colleagues.
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PMID: 18023018
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Research (71)6 2007
Abstract
The Fehrer-Raab effect (simple reaction time is unaffected by metacontrast masking of the test stimulus) seems to imply that a stimulus can trigger a voluntary reaction without reaching a conscious representation. However, it is also possible that the mask triggers the reaction, and that the masked...
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PMID: 16715303
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Research (71)6 2007
Abstract
We present a neural model aimed at simulating this phenomenon based on feedforward and feedback connections. The basic simulation mechanisms seem to be compatible with the attentional and the motion extrapolation account. A comparison between simulated and empirical results showed that the model is...
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PMID: 16645880
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Research (71)6 2007
Abstract
A short review of the development of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective is presented. The first rector after the reopening of the University of Dorpat (Tartu) in 1802, Georg Friedrich Parrot (1767-1852) was interested in optical phenomena which he attempted to explain by introducin...
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PMID: 16639614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
History of Psychology (10)4 2007
Abstract
Curt Richter is at the origins of psychobiology in the United States. For Richter the concept of instinct was central to his research. While he had diverse interests that traversed a great range of psychobiology, the concept of instinct was fundamental to his research on specific hungers and the reg...
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PMID: 18348430
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The advent of automated locomotor activity methodologies has been extremely useful in removing the subjectivity and bias out of measuring this parameter in rodents. However, many of these behavioural studies are still conducted in novel environments, rather than in ones that the animals are familiar...
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PMID: 17706334
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Ebbinghaus' seminal work suggested that forgetting occurred as a function of time. However, it raised a number of fundamental theoretical issues that still have not been resolved in the literature. Müller and Pilzecker (1900) addressed some of these issues in a remarkable manner but their observati...
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PMID: 17715797
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Most eighteenth-century philosophers tended to attach memory to imagination, thinking that memory basically consists in the reproduction of previously received sensations, which have perhaps only lost some of their vividness. In his Essai sur l'origine des connoissances humaines (1746) Condillac, ho...
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PMID: 17715799
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Following Ebbinghaus (1885/1964), a number of procedures have been devised to measure short-term memory using immediate serial recall: digit span, Knox's (1913) cube imitation test and Corsi's (1972) blocks task. Understanding the cognitive processes involved in these tasks was obstructed initially...
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PMID: 17715798
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Psychological Methods (12)2 2007
Abstract
Appropriately centering Level 1 predictors is vital to the interpretation of intercept and slope parameters in multilevel models (MLMs). The issue of centering has been discussed in the literature, but it is still widely misunderstood. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed overview of...
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PMID: 17563168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Methods (12)2 2007
Abstract
The point estimate of sample coefficient alpha may provide a misleading impression of the reliability of the test score. Because sample coefficient alpha is consistently biased downward, it is more likely to yield a misleading impression of poor reliability. The magnitude of the bias is greatest pre...
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PMID: 17563170
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Methods (12)2 2007
Abstract
In this article, the authors have 2 aims. First, hierarchical, nonhierarchical, and nonstandard log-linear models are defined. Second, application scenarios are presented for nonhierarchical and nonstandard models, with illustrations of where these scenarios can occur. Parameters can be interpreted...
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PMID: 17563169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.