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Toxins, Biological (8):
Recent article
Toxins, Biological
Developmental Cell (21)2 2011
Abstract
We conducted two genome-wide RNAi screens identifying genes required for intoxication and demonstrating that requirements are strikingly different between PE and Ricin, with only 13% overlap. Yet factors required by both toxins are present from the endosomes to the ER, and, at the morphological leve...
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PMID: 21782526
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Ion channels in cell membranes are targets for a multitude of ligands including naturally occurring toxins, illicit drugs, and medications used to manage pain and treat cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune, and other health disorders. In the past decade, the x-ray crystallography...
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PMID: 21961291
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed the incidence of BA, morphological change, morphogenesis of viral particles and viral mRNA and protein expression. The in vitro experiments showed NSP4 silencing decreased the levels of VP7 and VP4, reduced viral particles and decreased cytopathic effect. NSP4-positive cells had strongly...
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PMID: 21876759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that porcine sialoadhesin-specific antibodies and F(ab')₂ fragments trigger sialoadhesin internalization, both in primary porcine macrophages and in cells expressing recombinant porcine sialoadhesin. Using chemical inhibitors, double immunofluorescence stainings and dominant-negative const...
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PMID: 21359217
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gejyo and coworkers identified β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)-MG) as the major constitutional protein of dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) a quarter of a century ago. Since then, β(2)-MG has been the most extensively studied low molecular weight protein in end-stage renal disease. The onset of DRA may...
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PMID: 20938132
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive retention of a myriad of compounds, several of which play a role in cardiovascular damage, a major cause of mortality in CKD. Over the past years, especially protein-bound compounds (e.g. indoxylsulfate and p-cresylsulfate) and/or midd...
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PMID: 20938131
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Oxidative stress and resultant accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, which is the major cause of death among end-stage renal disease patients. Several markers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde, oxidized low...
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PMID: 20938133
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Aim of the study was to identify long-term differences of middle and high-molecular-weight serum constituents under high- and low-flux hemodialysis treatments. Thus, the entire predialytic serum proteomes had to be analyzed using identical hemodialysis membrane material but with diff...
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PMID: 21137035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I strains from the 2000s was noteworthy (4.7-6.7%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the NSP4 genes showed almost equal distribution (45.0-55.0%) of genotypes A and B however, higher amino acid divergence within the genotype B strains (up to 9.3%) than in genotype A strains (up to 2.9%) at th...
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PMID: 20542145
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revista de Neurologia (51)6 2010
Abstract
Myopathies caused by industrial and biological toxins are uncommon but quite interesting, because its prompt recognition may reduce their damaging effects or prevent a fatal outcome.
To describe the most frequent toxic myopathies.
Toxic myopathies epidemiology, clinical presentations and clinical ma...
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PMID: 20839172
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed an updated version of the Animal Toxin Database (ATDB 2.0) that provides a new bioinformatics resource for analyzing toxin-channel (T-C) interactions. Data on more than 54,000 T-C interactions, including 9193 high-confidence interactions, has been extracted, formatted and mapped to...
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PMID: 20677374
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that jack bean urease (JBU) has antidiuretic effects on Rhodnius prolixus Malpighian tubules, decreasing the serotonin-stimulated secretion of fluid. Now, we evaluate the toxicity of the intact JBU and its effect on R. prolixus anterior midgut, to further elucidate the mec...
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PMID: 20223243
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We found that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) could learn to use a bitter taste to predict the amount of toxin that individual prey contained, and use that information to preferentially ingest less toxic prey to maximize their nutrient intake relative to the amount of toxin ingested. Our resul...
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PMID: 20129989
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously generated a rGel/BLyS fusion toxin for receptor-mediated delivery of the rGel toxin specifically to malignant B cells. In this study, we examined this fusion toxin for its ability to suppress DLBCL growth in vitro and in vivo. rGel/BLyS was specifically cytotoxic to DLBCL lines express...
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PMID: 20454508
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology / [bian ji, Bing du xue bao bian ji wei yuan hui] (26)3 2010
Abstract
Based on the NSP4 sequence of bovine rotavirus (BRV), the shRNA was designed and synthesized, and a shRNA recombinant lenti-virus vector RNAi-H1-89 was constructed. The recombinant RNAi-H1-89 Lenti-virus was packaged by transfecting the 293T cell with the recombinant vector RNAi-H1-89 and two helper...
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PMID: 20572348
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used a potent plant toxin (viscumin) and lactosides synthetically modified at the C6/C6' positions and the reducing end aglycan. Changes in the saturation transfer difference (STD) in NMR spectroscopy, applied in inhibition assays, yielded evidence for ligand activity and affinity differences. In...
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PMID: 20094999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemmedchem (5)3 2010
Abstract
We used a potent plant toxin (viscumin) and lactosides synthetically modified at the C6/C6' positions and the reducing end aglycan. Changes in the saturation transfer difference (STD) in NMR spectroscopy, applied in inhibition assays, yielded evidence for ligand activity and affinity differences. In...
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PMID: 20094999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemmedchem (5)3 2010
Abstract
We used a potent plant toxin (viscumin) and lactosides synthetically modified at the C6/C6' positions and the reducing end aglycan. Changes in the saturation transfer difference (STD) in NMR spectroscopy, applied in inhibition assays, yielded evidence for ligand activity and affinity differences. In...
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PMID: 20094999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology In Vitro (24)2 2010
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretions are considered a rich source of biologically active compounds and are known to be rich in bufadienolides, peptides and alkaloids. Bufadienolides are cardioactive steroids derived from animals and plants as well. The current study was conducted to investigate the influence o...
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PMID: 19825411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Head injury has been recognized as an increasingly important determinant of late-life cognitive function. Despite a large number of research and clinical studies, no direct link has been established between minor head trauma with or without loss of consciousness and the development of dementia of th...
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PMID: 20176291
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (39)1 2010
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to detect and characterize enteric viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus, and coronavirus) in breeder poults. Five turkey breeder flocks were selected. Faecal samples were collected from all flocks at 1 week of age and then every other week until the poults reache...
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PMID: 20390537
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A significant number of therapeutic targets reside inside cells and intracellular organelles. Therapeutics therefore must be able to gain access to cellular compartments, and be able to interact specifically with a given molecule to exert a desired effect. Many naturally occurring toxins perform suc...
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PMID: 20047149
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that low doses of either toxin resulted in significant pathology in the mouse striatum. Signs of apoptosis were observed in both experimental groups, although apoptosis triggered by IOA treatment was independent from caspase-3 activation. Importantly, each toxin appears to produce cellular...
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PMID: 20440403
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Blood Purification (29)3 2010
Abstract
Middle-molecule clearance differed by less than 2 ml/min between the 2 dosing arms. CONCLUSION: The CRRT prescription used in the ATN study appears to have achieved dose separation for small molecules while holding middle-molecule clearance nearly constant. This may explain the outcome difference be...
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PMID: 20016150
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been objects of attention since the discovery of neonicotinoid insecticides. Mutagenesis studies have revealed that, although the detailed subunit composition of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtypes eludes us, the framework provided by mutag...
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PMID: 20737787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Annual ryegrass toxicity in Thoroughbred horses in Ceres in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Abstract
An outbreak of annual ryegrass toxicity occurred on a Thoroughbred stud in Ceres in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This is the 1st report of annual ryegrass toxicity in horses in South Africa, although the condition has been reported in cattle and sheep populations in the past. Annual ry...
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PMID: 20458861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dose-dependent changes in the intensity of green fluorescence were observed for NSP in a range from 0 to 10 ng/mL and for GTX2,3 from 0 to 16 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: pEGFP-c-fos-T24 can be applied in detecting HAB toxins, and cell-based assay can be used as an alternative for screening sodium channel-spe...
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PMID: 20163067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of rotavirus on ion transport and the role of NSP4 in human-derived enterocytes, and to test the efficacy of human serum immunoglobulin in a model of rotavirus infection. Soon after infection, rotavirus induces active chloride secretion in enterocytes. This effect...
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PMID: 19604044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report a general solution to this problem. We have designed a strategy (referred to as toxin shuttle) that allows the expression in plastids of proteins that are toxic to Escherichia coli. The strategy is based on blocking transcription in E. coli by bacterial transcription terminators upstream o...
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PMID: 19332784
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis of cane toad bufadienolides--the cardioactive steroids that are believed to be the principal cane toad toxins. We found complex shifts in toxin composition through toad ontogeny: (1) eggs contain at least 28 dominant bufadienolides, 17 of...
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PMID: 19263169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1791)4 2009
Abstract
We studied cholesterol absorption in myriocin-treated WT or apoE KO animals and found that, after myriocin treatment, the mice absorbed significantly less cholesterol than controls, with no observable pathological changes in the small intestine. More importantly, we found that heterozygous Sptlc1 (a...
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PMID: 19416652
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The cane toad is an invasive pest that is rapidly colonising northern Australia. The cane toad parotoid gland secretes cardiotoxic steroids (bufadienolides) that are poisoning native predator species. This study reveals bufadienolide diversity within the secretions of Australian cane toads is differ...
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PMID: 19216077
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A new toxic protein named malanin was isolated from seeds of Malania olei fera by hydrophobic chromatography, whose cytotoxic activities against carcinoma cells were very strong. The conformational changes of malanin at various temperatures, pH, organic solvents, surfactant, denaturant and fluoresce...
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PMID: 19455822
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Society transactions (37)Pt 1 2009
Abstract
TA (toxin-antitoxin) loci are ubiquitous in prokaryotic micro-organisms, including archaea, yet their physiological function is largely unknown. For example, preliminary reports have suggested that TA loci are microbial stress-response elements, although it was recently shown that knocking out all k...
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PMID: 19143615
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors report a collective intoxication with "mad honey" on Reunion Island, which occurred in 2008. Most patients presented with showed faintless, bradycardia, hypotension and dizziness, consistent with ingested food containing grayanotoxins. All patients fully recovered with a symptomatic trea...
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PMID: 19343910
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Multivalent carbohydrates are currently produced in many forms ranging from dendrimers, polymers, micelles, vesicles, nanoparticles to functionalized nanotubes, in order to enhance the potency of the carbohydrates as ligands or inhibitors. Variations in valency range from systems containing two carb...
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PMID: 19421435
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Bioinformatics (10 Suppl 15)suppl 15 2009
Abstract
We have carried out statistical and substructure functional group analyses of three datasets, namely human metabolites, drugs and toxin molecules. The distributions of various molecular descriptors were investigated. Our analyses show that, although the three groups are distinct, present-day drugs a...
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PMID: 19958509
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
(Alpha-D-galactosyl)phenylmethane (1), (alpha- and beta-D-galactosyl)(difluoro)phenylmethane (2 and 3) have been prepared and their conformations in solution were described by using a combination of force-field calculations and NMR spectroscopic studies. Galactoside 1 adopts a (4)C(1) chair conforma...
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PMID: 19185038
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital (36)4 2009
Abstract
We describe the case of a patient who had mad-honey-related complete atrioventricular block; in this instance, the diagnosis was confirmed by a pollen analysis of the suspect honey....
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PMID: 19693312
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (37)Database issue 2009
Abstract
We are confronted with a variety of toxic substances of natural or artificial origin. Toxins are already used, e.g. in medicine, but there is still an increasing number of toxic compounds, representing a tremendous potential to extract new substances. Since predictive toxicology gains in importance,...
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PMID: 19004875
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lab On a Chip (8)12 2008
Abstract
We have developed microfluidic chip-based immunoassays that are rapid (< 20 minutes), require minimal sample volume (<10 microL) and have appreciable sensitivity and dynamic range (microM-pM). The microfluidic chip is being integrated with miniaturized electronics, optical elements, fluid-handling c...
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PMID: 19023467
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemico-Biological Interactions (176)2-3 2008
Abstract
We demonstrated that saporin was internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, followed by the release into the endosomal transport system. Our results indicate that SA triggers this endocytic event rendering the otherwise cell membrane impermeable type I RIP saporin a potent cytotoxin. This effec...
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PMID: 18775419
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (82)22 2008
Abstract
These results indicate that glycosylated NSP4 is primarily responsible for altering the Ca(2+) homeostasis of infected cells through an initial increase of cell membrane permeability to Ca(2+)....
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PMID: 18787006
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1784)11 2008
Abstract
I (ML-I) isolated from the European mistletoe Viscum album in complex with the most active phytohormone zeatin has been analyzed and refined to 2.54 A resolution. X-ray suitable crystals of ML-I were obtained by the counter-diffusion method using the Gel-Tube R crystallization kit (GT-R) onboard the...
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PMID: 18718563
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (47)43 2008
Abstract
The pseudomonal phytotoxin syringomycin E and related nonribosomal peptides contain an L- threo-beta-hydroxyaspartyl residue at the eighth position of the lipodepsipeptide backbone as part of a conserved nonproteinogenic tripeptide motif. Informatic analysis of the P. syringae genome suggests only o...
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PMID: 18826255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Federal Register (73)201 2008
Abstract
We have moved those ten biological agents and toxins from the overlap select agents and toxins section to the HHS select agents and toxins section of the select agent regulations. In a companion document published in this issue of the Federal Register, the USDA has established corresponding final ru...
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PMID: 19024787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
MAHD appears to be a promising method that can be employed for the selective and more efficient extraction of toxins that are not adequately removed by conventional HD....
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PMID: 18398014
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gene Therapy (15)20 2008
Abstract
We report that the antiapoptotic herpes simplex virus type 2 gene ICP10PK protects neuronally differentiated PC12 cells from death caused by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (in vitro PD model) through inhibition of calpain I activation and the resulting inhibition of Bax translocation to the mitochondri...
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PMID: 18496573
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and genogroup II could be determined according to the sizes of the amplicons: 380 and 780 bp, respectively. The VP6 genogroup of human reference strains of G1 to G4 and G9 types and RotaTeq vaccine strains could be properly assigned by RT-PCR. Eighty rotavirus-positive fecal samples were subjected...
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PMID: 18667595
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and robust immunoassay based on a commercial surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument (Biacore X) was developed for the detection of ricin in environmental samples. A total of 10 monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for their ability to recognise both a commercial ricin and hort...
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PMID: 18694776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated these questions by lesioning the HCRT neurons with HCRT-2-saporin (HCRT-2-SAP) and measuring sleep and extracellular levels of adenosine in the basal forebrain. In separate groups of rats, the neurotoxin HCRT-2-SAP or saline was administered locally to the lateral hypothalamus, and 8...
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PMID: 18783368
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BioTechniques (45)3 2008
Abstract
Abstract
PHA, without affecting [Ca(2+)](i), attenuates apoptosis of healthy but not of uraemic PMNLs. CPA and fMLP enhance PMNL apoptosis independently of Ca(2+) influx....
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PMID: 18319358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
European Journal of Cancer (44)12 2008
Abstract
Safety of aviscumine by subcutaneous route was assessed in patients with advanced cancer refractory to chemotherapy. Patients with progressive disease received escalating doses twice weekly. Treatment of the accrued 26 patients (10 colorectal cancer (CRC), 6 soft tissue sarcoma (STS), 5 melanoma (MM...
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PMID: 18602257
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pediatric Nephrology (23)8 2008
Abstract
Uremic syndrome results from a malfunctioning of various organ systems due to the retention of compounds which, under normal conditions, would be excreted into the urine and/or metabolized by the kidneys. If these compounds are biologically active, they are called uremic toxins. One of the more impo...
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PMID: 18324423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Cell (31)2 2008
Abstract
Our studies underscore how a ribotoxin exploits an Achilles' heel in the target cell's tRNA repair system....
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PMID: 18657509
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.