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Food Chain (0):
Recent article
Food Chain
Abstract
We evaluated their impact on six species of beneficial arthropods, including four parasitoid species--Aphytis melinus Debach, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich, and Encarsia formosa Gahan--and two generalist predators--Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius insidiosus...
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PMID: 21735893
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We demonstrate that Nicaraguan cabbage (Brassica spp.) farmers may suffer economically by using insecticides as they get more damage by the main pest diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), at the same time as they spend economic resources on insecticides. Replicated s...
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PMID: 21735894
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Healthy hemlock trees, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, and hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), populations should favor retention and population growth of adelgid predators such as Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaj...
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PMID: 21735906
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Environmental variables such as temperature are important factors that affect the efficiency of biological control agents. This study examined the effect of temperature on the sex ratio, longevity, oviposition periods, fecundity and life table parameters of the predatory thrips Scolothrips longicorni...
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PMID: 21735896
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Concentrations of dioxin-like compounds, primarily polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River (TR) and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan (USA) were greater than upstream sites and prompted a site-specific risk assessment of great blue...
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PMID: 21093913
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The radionuclides (210)Po and (210)Pb widely present in the terrestrial environment are the final long-lived radionuclides in the decay of (238)U in the earth's crust. Their presence in the atmosphere is due to the decay of (222)Rn diffusing from the ground. The range of activity concentrations in gr...
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PMID: 21377252
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Methyl salicylate, an herbivore-induced plant volatile, has been shown to attract natural enemies and affect herbivore behavior. In this study, methyl salicylate was examined for its attractiveness to natural enemies of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and for its d...
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PMID: 21404848
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated four hemlock species (Tsuga) under three different fertilizer regimes to assess whether fertility affected resistance to the adelgid and to determine whether it affected feeding preferences of the adelgid predators Laricobius nigrinus Fender and Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji & McClure)....
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PMID: 21404870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Upwelling systems are characterised by an intense primary biomass production in the surface (warmest) water after the outcrop of the bottom (coldest) water, which is rich in nutrients. Although it is known that the microbial assemblage plays an important role in the food chain of marine systems and t...
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PMID: 21304582
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We index DLD by measuring plasma-lipid metabolites of female scaup (n = 459) that were refueling at 75 spring migration stopover areas distributed across the upper Midwest, USA. We also indexed DLD for females (n = 44) refueling on a riverine site (Pool 19) south of our upper Midwest study area. We...
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PMID: 21283806
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced acc...
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PMID: 21283689
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the effects of elevated CO(2) and reduced pH on olfactory preferences, activity levels and feeding behaviour of a common coral reef meso-predator, the brown dottyback (Pseudochromis fuscus). Predators were exposed to either current-day CO(2) levels or one of two elevated CO(2) levels...
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PMID: 21829497
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the organotin compounds with emphasis on the human exposure, fate, and distribution of them in the environment. The widespread use of the organotins and their high stability have led to contamination of some aquatic ecosystems. As a result, residues of the organotins may reach humans via f...
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PMID: 21541847
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study ecological equations for both tree system and cycle system. We obtain a set of sufficient conditions for the ultimate boundedness to nonautonomous n-dimensional Lotka-Volterra tree systems with continuous time delay. The criteria are applicable to cooperative model, competition model, and p...
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PMID: 21431606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show diel changes in N2O and DO concentration at several sites across a trophic gradient. Nitrous oxide concentration increased at night at all but one site in spring and summer, even when gas exchange was rapid and minimum water column DO was well above hypoxic conditions. Diel N2O curves were n...
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PMID: 21488515
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that resource partitioning and phylogeny determine community structure and outweigh the positive effects of Müllerian mimicry in a species-rich group of neotropical catfishes. From multiple, independent reproductively isolated allopatric communities displaying convergently evolved colour pa...
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PMID: 21209663
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (60)12 2010
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (Hg(inorg)) were evaluated in the water of a Brazilian estuary, with two size classes of plankton and seven fish species of different feeding habits. Water partition coefficients (PCs) in microplankton were fourfold higher for MeHg than for Hg(inorg); and w...
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PMID: 20951393
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (60)12 2010
Abstract
A significant amount of marine debris has accumulated in the North Pacific Central Gyre (NPCG). The effects on larger marine organisms have been documented through cases of entanglement and ingestion; however, little is known about the effects on lower trophic level marine organisms. This study is t...
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PMID: 21067782
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Water is a vital but poorly studied component of livestock production. It is estimated that livestock industries consume 8% of the global water supply, with most of that water being used for intensive, feed-based production. This study takes a broad perspective of livestock production as a component...
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PMID: 21309458
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We combine model predictions with global assessments of MTL from catches, trawl surveys and fisheries stock assessments and find that catch MTL does not reliably predict changes in marine ecosystems. Instead, catch MTL trends often diverge from ecosystem MTL trends obtained from surveys and assessme...
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PMID: 21085178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The distribution and behaviour of the natural-series alpha-emitter polonium-210 in the marine environment has been under study for many years primarily due to its enhanced bioaccumulation, its strong affinity for binding with certain internal tissues, and its importance as a contributor to the natura...
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PMID: 21074911
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We show that 31 published food webs consist of bipartite subwebs that are as highly nested as mutualistic networks, contradicting the hypothesis that antagonistic interactions disfavor nested structure. Our findings suggest that nested networks may be a common pattern of communities that include res...
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PMID: 21141173
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science of the Total Environment (408)23 2010
Abstract
The present study reports diastereomer-specific accumulation of HBCD from a point source in five marine species representing a typical food web in a Norwegian coastal area. Samples of mussels, polychaetes, crabs and seabird eggs were analyzed for the diastereomers α-, β- and γ-HBCD, as well as li...
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PMID: 20828788
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compare the contributions of the global livestock sector in 2000 with estimated contributions of this sector in 2050 to three important environmental concerns: climate change, reactive nitrogen mobilization, and appropriation of plant biomass at planetary scales. Because environmental sustainabil...
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PMID: 20921375
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) provides a globally significant demonstration of the effectiveness of large-scale networks of marine reserves in contributing to integrated, adaptive management. Comprehensive review of available evidence shows major, rapid benefits of no-take areas for targeted fish and...
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PMID: 20176947
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that the time to initial detection of direct effects on target species (±SE) was 5.13 ± 1.9 years, whereas initial detection of indirect effects on other taxa, which were often trait mediated, took significantly longer (13.1 ± 2.0 years). Most target species showed initial direct effects...
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PMID: 20176941
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (176)5 2010
Abstract
We present a framework to explain how prey stress responses to predation can resolve context dependency in ecosystem properties and functions such as food chain length, secondary production, elemental stoichiometry, and cycling. We first describe the major nonspecific physiological stress mechanisms...
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PMID: 20846014
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (176)4 2010
Abstract
I believe the derived implications are generalizable to all ecosystems. A mainly experimental approach has tended to avoid a preoccupation with niches but instead has focused on the ecological roles exercised by particular species. Attention to roles has produced a growing appreciation for trophic c...
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PMID: 20735261
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (176)4 2010
Abstract
I examined a plant --> predator --> consumer interaction pathway involving the exotic autogenic ecosystem engineer Centaurea maculosa; native Dictyna spiders (which exhibit density and trait [web-building] responses to C. maculosa); Dictyna's insect prey, Urophora affinis; and Urophora's host plant...
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PMID: 20715973
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ecological Applications (20)7 2010
Abstract
We developed a general model to examine the trade-offs between fishing pressure and trophic control on reef fish communities, including an exploration of top-down and bottom-up effects. We then validated the general model predictions by parameterizing the model for a reef system in the Bahamas in or...
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PMID: 21049884
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results suggest that POPs in tissues should be measured from an adequate number of individuals per population instead of relying on indirect estimates from levels in soil or prey items.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20579736
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ecology Letters (13)10 2010
Abstract
We describe the mounting evidence for the importance of NC to major topics in ecology (e.g. species richness, ecosystem function) and conservation (e.g. climate change, invasive species). We also review other areas where it may be important but has generally been overlooked, in both ecology (e.g. fo...
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PMID: 20649638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used common carp to test whether the potential effects of an invasive species are altered across a range of species diversity in native communities. In mesocosms, treatments of zero, one, three, and six native fish species were used to represent the nested subset patterns observed in fish communi...
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PMID: 21058556
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We first compared the soil nematode communities of 228 individual plants belonging to eight herbaceous species. We included grass, leguminous, and non-leguminous species. Each individual plant grew intermingled with other species, but all plant species had a different nematode community. Moreover, n...
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PMID: 21058562
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I tested how temperature affected the relative importance of top-down (mosquito predation) and bottom-up (ant carcasses) forces on protozoa and bacteria populations. While bottom-up effects did not vary consistently with temperature, the top-down effects of predators on protozoa increased at higher...
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PMID: 21058543
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate several definitions of compartments, propose ways to understand the ecological meaning of these definitions, and quantify the degree of compartmentalization of empirical food webs. We find that the compartmentalization observed in empirical food webs can be accounted for solely by the...
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PMID: 21058554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found wide variation in hepatic heavy metal and selenium concentrations among alligators. Length and sex did not show a strong relationship with any metal based on statistical analysis. However, cluster analysis revealed three groupings of alligators based on liver metal concentrations. Alligator...
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PMID: 20966273
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We applied two different approaches to investigate the impact of diazotrophy on nitrogen stable isotope signatures in nitrate and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) of the food-web constituents. The first approach, used during the Poseidon cruise 348 in the Mauritanian upwelling, investigated the lo...
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PMID: 20706897
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed whether wolves influence aspen by obtaining detailed demographic data on aspen Stands using tree rings and by monitoring browsing levels in experimental elk exclosures arrayed across a gradient of predation risk for three years. Our study demonstrates that the historical failure of aspen...
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PMID: 20957967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Folia Parasitologica (57)3 2010
Abstract
We suggest here that the anatomy of the fish digestive tract and especially that of the stomach plays an important role in host suitability for H. spinigera. While P. excavatum is the only intermediate host in Lake Waihola, H. spinigera was found in six different fish species: Aldrichetta forsteri,...
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PMID: 20941914
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used a theoretical approach to show that the network architecture favoring stability fundamentally differs between trophic and mutualistic networks. A highly connected and nested architecture promotes community stability in mutualistic networks, whereas the stability of trophic networks is enhanc...
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PMID: 20705861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Vranjic Basin, in the eastern part of KastelaBay (middle Adriatic Sea), received municipal wastewater until offshore submarine outfalls were finished in November 2004. To identify the responses of the microbial community to changes in the trophic status of the marine environment, two 4-year periods...
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PMID: 20570345
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
We show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain....
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PMID: 20647468
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We observed attraction toward microscale pulses of DMSP and related compounds among several motile strains of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, and bacterivore and herbivore microzooplankton. Because microbial DMSP cycling is the main natural source of cloud-forming sulfur aerosols, our results...
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PMID: 20647471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation of aged polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil near the base of the terrestrial food chain using earthworms (E. fetida) as a model organism. This research also assessed the effect of activated carbon (AC...
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PMID: 20560599
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Several currently used non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and pentabromotoluene...
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PMID: 20575536
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We test this hypothesis by manipulating community assembly and the presence of fish in experimental ponds and measuring their independent and combined effects on patterns of colonization by insects and amphibians. 3. Assembly modified habitat selection of dytscid beetles and hylid frogs by decreasin...
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PMID: 20412346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We derive an ecosystem model with both recipient- and donor-controlled trophic relationships to test the conditions of four hypotheses generated from recent empirical work on the role of consumer-mediated recycling in cascading trophic interactions. Our model predicts that predator regulation of her...
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PMID: 20715638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus palliatus) is the only species of oystercatcher native to the Atlantic coast of North America and is restricted in distribution to intertidal shellfish beds in coastal areas. Currently, the American Oystercatcher population in South Carolina and Georg...
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PMID: 20688683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We show that organic farming methods mitigate this ecological damage by promoting evenness among natural enemies. In field enclosures, very even communities of predator and pathogen biological control agents, typical of organic farms, exerted the strongest pest control and yielded the largest plants...
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PMID: 20596021
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We predict that obstacles are likely to reduce the encounter rate between individuals, leading to a lower attack rate (predator-prey encounters) and a lower interference rate (predator-predator encounters). Here, we test these predictions under controlled conditions using collembolans (springtails)...
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PMID: 20213153
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.