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HIV Enhancer (0):
Recent article
HIV Enhancer
Abstract
We extended these studies in the presence of human SP. PAP-derived peptides were agitated to form SEVI and incubated in the presence or absence of SP. While PAP-derived peptides and SEVI alone were proviral, the presence of 1% SP ablated their proviral activity in several different anti-HIV-1 assays...
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PMID: 21283773
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Journal of Virology (82)7 2008
Abstract
We have previously shown that interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is stimulated early after HIV-1 infection and regulates promoter transcriptional activity even in the absence of the viral transactivator Tat. In this work we demonstrate that IRF-1 is also required for full NF-kappaB transcription...
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PMID: 18216101
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
AIDS Reviews (8)1 2006
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of gene expression in HIV-1 is controlled by the interaction of sequence-specific transcription factors with the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the provirus. The identification and characterization of cellular proteins involved in the process has provided a basic understand...
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PMID: 16736947
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified a case of HIV-2 infection in São Paulo, Brazil of a 45-year-old female who presented with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, with a CD4 count of 22 cells/ml. DNA samples from this patient were subjected to end-point PCR amplification of the LTR region. Clones were sequenced and subjected...
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PMID: 16386115
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether the regulation of HIV-2 Rod LTR activity is more reminiscent of HIV-1 having the same host or of SIVmac239 belonging to the same phylogenetic group. Viral promoter activity was studied in the context of the integrated provirus using both single cycle assays with pseudotyped l...
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PMID: 15207635
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
DNA and Cell Biology (23)4 2004
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Vpr binds with high affinity to selected sequence configurations within CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) site I and downstream sequences immediately adjacent to this site. Studies reported herein establish a correlation between the diagnosis of HIVD and the...
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PMID: 15142383
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (78)7 2004
Abstract
We have previously shown that these sites are important for EIAV LTR activity in primary macrophages (W. Maury, J. Virol. 68:6270-6279, 1994). Since the sequences present in these three binding motifs are not identical, we sought to determine the role of these three sites in EIAV LTR activity. While...
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PMID: 15016863
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two well-established determinants of retroviral tropism are envelope sequences that regulate entry and LTR sequences that can regulate viral expression in a cell-specific manner. Studies with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) have demonstrated that tropism of this virus maps primarily to variab...
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PMID: 14554095
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II sequence variation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived LTRs from HIV-1-infected patients with varying degrees of disease severity was examined. A high prevalence of C/EBP site variants 3T (site I) and consensus B (site II) within PBMC-derived HIV-1 LTRs was shown to correlat...
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PMID: 12587069
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecules and Cells (14)3 2002
Abstract
We hypothesized that the membrane-bound gD can exert an immunomodulatory effect on activated T cells. In this report, we demonstrated the following: (1) The gD expression was detected on the cell surface of activated T cells after HSV-1 infection. (2) Recombinant soluble gD protein or gD-expressing...
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PMID: 12521303
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The key regulator of the switch from latent to lytic replication of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; KSHV) is the replication and transcription activator (Rta). The ability of Rta to regulate cellular gene expression was examined by transient transfection into cells that were not infected with HHV-8....
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PMID: 12359431
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Immunology (169)6 2002
Abstract
We set out to investigate the effect of MRPs on HIV-1 replication. We observed a 4- to 5-fold induction of virus production in J1.1, a human T lymphoid cell line latently infected with HIV-1, following treatment with MRPs. Using luciferase-based reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that MRPs induce...
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PMID: 12218151
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We sought to investigate whether interactions between host signaling pathways and the NF-kappaB regions of different HIV-1 subtypes, together with subtype-specific interactions between Tat, TAR, and cellular proteins, modulate the efficiency of HIV-1 clade-specific gene transcription. We demonstrate...
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PMID: 12036319
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (76)8 2002
Abstract
We developed a strategy for transcriptional targeting of lentiviral vectors based on replacing the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancer with cell lineage-specific, genomic control elements. An upstream enhancer (HS2) of the erythroid-specific GATA-1 gene was used to replace most of the U3 regio...
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PMID: 11907239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEBS Letters (509)2 2001
Abstract
The effect of cAMP on the transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat/enhancer was investigated and compared to the effect of cAMP on virus replication. In culture cAMP repressed virus replication in vivo using different cell types. Transient transfection studies with HIV-1 enhancer-d...
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PMID: 11741590
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have identified sequences from nucleotide -278 to -176 in LTR as Vpr-mediated transactivation domain. This region includes the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) in HIV-1 LTR. Transactivation by Vpr was noted with the HIV-1 LTR reporter constructs containing CAT or luciferase. A similar effect...
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PMID: 11689055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (276)28 2001
Abstract
We previously showed that the oncoprotein DEK binds to the pets site in a site-specific manner. In this report, we show that binding to the HIV-2 pets site is modulated by treatment of U937 monocytic cells with TPA, an activator of protein kinase C. TPA treatment resulted in a reduction in the level...
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PMID: 11320078
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We isolated two CRF01_AE human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (95TNIH022 and 95TNIH047) from the 1995 blood samples derived from asymptomatic carriers in Ubonratchatani province of northeastern Thailand. Both isolates can replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not in several T cell line...
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PMID: 11429129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA sequences in and downstream of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) were compared among samples obtained from 13 HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected individuals in Thailand from 1998 to 1999. Eleven individuals had highly conserved sequences compared with pr...
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PMID: 11429128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We utilized a line of transgenic mice expressing Photinus luciferase complementary DNA (cDNA) under the control of a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent promoter (from the 5' human immunodeficiency virus-1 [HIV-1] long terminal repeat) to examine the role of NF-kappaB activation in the path...
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PMID: 10988136
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe that the inhibitor of the cellular ribonucleoside reductase, hydroxyurea (HU), inhibited phorbol myristate acetate- or tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced HIV-1-LTR transactivation in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in a dose-dependent manner within the first 6 h of treatment, with...
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PMID: 10792382
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (38)40 1999
Abstract
We have examined the role of stress-activated p38 MAP kinase in regulating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression in response to ultraviolet light (UV). We found that UV activated p38 in HeLa cells harboring stably integrated copies of an HIVcat plasmid to levels similar to those obtaine...
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PMID: 10529175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have characterized the LTR region of different subtypes of HIV-1 with regard to nucleotide sequence and promoter activity. The LTR regions of HIV-1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 29 infected individuals originating from 10 different geographical regions were sequenced and further anal...
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PMID: 10505678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (274)18 1999
Abstract
These results broaden the application range of minor groove-binding polyamides and demonstrate that these DNA ligands are powerful inhibitors of DNA-binding proteins that predominantly use major groove contacts and of cooperative protein-DNA ternary complexes....
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PMID: 10212261
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate whether vaccinia virus (VV) can augment gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), co-transfection experiments were carried out in which recombinant plasmids containing various portions of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltr...
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PMID: 10028058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (73)2 1999
Abstract
We selected for a faster-replicating virus with a 1-nucleotide deletion in the upstream copy of two highly conserved NF-kappaB binding sites. The variant enhancer sequence demonstrated a severe loss of NF-kappaB binding in protein binding assays. Interestingly, we observed a new binding activity tha...
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PMID: 9882338
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously shown that an ESS present within tat exon 2 (ESS2) and a suboptimal 3' splice site together act to inhibit splicing at the 3' splice site flanking tat exon 2. This occurs at an early step in spliceosome assembly. Splicing at the 3' splice site flanking tat exon 3 is regulated by a...
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PMID: 9710624
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Immunology (161)3 1998
Abstract
We conclude that contact with fibrinogen-derived proteins may contribute to mononuclear phagocyte activation by signaling through CD11b/CD18, resulting in selective activation of transcriptional regulatory factors, including NF-kappa B....
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PMID: 9686612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (17)6 1998
Abstract
We have identified the E-box binding protein USF-1 as a direct interaction partner of Ets-1 and found that the complex acts on this enhancer element. The binding surfaces of USF-1 and Ets-1 map to their DNA-binding domains and although these domains are highly conserved, the interaction is very sele...
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PMID: 9501094
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genes & Development (11)24 1997
Abstract
We show that TSA strongly induces HIV-1 transcription on chromatin in vitro, concomitant with an enhancer factor-assisted increase in the level of acetylated histone H4. TSA treatment, however, did not detectably alter enhancer factor binding or the positioning of nuc-1 on the majority of the chroma...
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PMID: 9407026
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously reported that a number of viral genomes, including human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), contain sequences which are similar to the BCL6 DNA-binding consensus in their promoter regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the full-length BCL6 protein extracted from...
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PMID: 9135990
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (16)9 1997
Abstract
We have initiated a biochemical analysis of transcription factor binding and nucleosome remodeling with a region of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) that harbors constitutive DHSs in vivo. In vitro reconstitution of an HIV-1 5' LTR fragment into nucleosome cor...
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PMID: 9171359
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We purified and characterized the pets factor, demonstrating that it is a 43-kDa nuclear protein. We now describe the identification of DEK as this 43-kDa pets factor. Using a modified Southwestern screening procedure, we find that DEK can recognize the pets element. We demonstrate the ability of re...
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PMID: 9050861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We obtained evidence that the kappaB regulatory elements located in the U3 region are involved in cell-to-cell activation of HIV-1 LTR. Cell-to-cell contact activates in vitro binding of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) p50/p65 heterodimer to an HIV-1 kappaB oligonucleotide. Cell-to-cell contac...
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PMID: 9119025
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Virus/Uirusu (46)2 1996
Abstract
Journal of Biological Chemistry (271)37 1996
Abstract
We report the characterization of a CAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) (NF-IL6) element encompassing the region from -174 to -166 of the U3 long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1. This C/EBP cis sequence was found to bind to C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta factors in DNA band shift assay. Transfecti...
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PMID: 8798413
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (271)36 1996
Abstract
Human lymphoid cell lines were transfected with HIV-1-LTR-CAT DNA and permanently transformed cell lines were obtained. These transformed cell lines were treated with 0.01 mM H2O2 for 25 days and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activities of these cell lines were measured. The CAT activi...
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PMID: 8702977
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (271)32 1996
Abstract
We have purified this protein from bovine spleens and demonstrate that it is 43 kDa in size. In addition, using glycerol gradient centrifugation, Southwestern blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays employing purified protein eluted from a gel, and a new in solution UV cross-linking competit...
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PMID: 8702655
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (271)25 1996
Abstract
We have identified a novel member of the TRAF family by degenerate oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction amplification that contains a zinc RING finger and zinc finger motifs, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal "TRAF" homology domain. In vitro translated TRAF5 binds to the cytoplasmic region...
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PMID: 8663299
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Genes & Development (10)1 1996
Abstract
We examined the ability of different subunits of NF-kappa B to enhance HIV-1 transcription in vitro with chromatin templates. We find that the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B is a strong transcriptional activator of nucleosome-assembled HIV-1 DNA, whereas p50 does not activate transcription, and that p65...
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PMID: 8557193
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have transfected cells with polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) expression vectors, thus mimicking activated receptor-dependent cell stimulation. PyMT-expressing Cos7 cells provided an environment where transcription of an HIV provirus was activated. PyMT expression induced the activity of both enhan...
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PMID: 8745637
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genes & Development (9)17 1995
Abstract
We demonstrate that the distal region of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) enhancer, which contains DNA-binding sites for LEF-1 and Ets-1, also provides a functional context for activation by LEF-1. First, we show that mutations in the LEF-1-binding site inhibit the activity of multimerized...
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PMID: 7657162
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We observed that okadaic acid (OKA) activates HIV transcription through both the enhancer, responding to the factor NF-kappa B, and the promoter domain of the LTR. The inducibility of HIV LTR-driven luciferase expression constructs in lymphoblastoid cells stimulated by OKA depended on both functiona...
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PMID: 7747447
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I kappa B alpha) and interferon regulatory factor 1 were produced from either Escherichia coli or baculovirus expression systems. Transcriptional analysis in vitro demonstrated that 1) various dimeric complexes of NF-kappa B differentially stimulated transcription through the human immunodeficiency...
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PMID: 7852394
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized HIV-1 enhancer-binding polypeptides that were derived from bacteriophage 434 repressor. These peptides were 39-54 residues long and contained either the recognition helix or the entire helix-turn-helix motif of the DNA-binding domain of 434 repressor. The dissociatio...
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PMID: 8537188
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Virology (68)6 1994
Abstract
The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a potent activator of long terminal repeat-directed transcription. While in most cell types, activation requires interaction of Tat with the unusual transcription element TAR, astrocytic glial cells support TAR-independent transactiva...
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PMID: 8189531
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Genetica Sinica (21)6 1994
Abstract
We have carried out a RNA dot blotting test and found that the longer the Jurkat cells exposed to the PMA and PHA, the more was the endogenous LT mRNA. Results of gel retardation assay showed that nuclear extract from Jurkat cells treated with PMA and PHA formed different complexes. Changes in the c...
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PMID: 7718273
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Cell (6)4 1993
Abstract
We found recently that Tax interacts with an I kappa B protein, the inhibitor of NF-kappa B, resulting in the enhancement of nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B molecules. Therefore, Tax seems to modulate the transcription by the interaction with multiple transcription factors in different modes of...
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PMID: 8148307
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of General Virology (74 ( Pt 11)) 1993
Abstract
We found that the deletion of the kappa B enhancer did not affect HIV-1 inducibility, whereas the deletion of the Sp1 binding sites abolished transcriptional activation. However, the presence of the HIV-1 LTR Sp1 binding sites in the context of the heterologous promoter did not induce responsiveness...
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PMID: 8245855
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cancer Letters (74)1-2 1993
Abstract
The regulation of trans-activating activities of two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines, HEP-G2 and SK-HEP-1, was investigated. These cells were transfected with the wild-type and a nested series of its 5'-deletion mutants of the long terminal (LTR) repeat derived from HIV-1, which were...
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PMID: 8287375
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Immunobiology (187)3-5 1993
Abstract
We will discuss recent experimental evidences suggesting that LPS might share a pathway of NF-kappa B activation with other inducers of the factor. This common pathway may involve reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) as messenger molecules....
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PMID: 8330898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that CD8+ T cells inhibit viral replication at the level of cellular activation, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line (FEc1) from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-seropositive sooty mangabey monkey was transfected with a human CD4 gene and shown to be replica...
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PMID: 8383022
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously found that NFKB2(p49/p52) acts in concert with RelA(p65) to stimulate the HIV enhancer in Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Here we examine the biochemical basis for the transcriptional regulation of HIV by NFKB2. Using Scatchard analysis, we have determined the dissociation constants of h...
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PMID: 8441377
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We could demonstrate that reducto-oxidative modulation of NF kappa B dramatically changes its DNA binding activity and that a cellular physiological reducing catalyst, thioredoxin (TRX) also known as adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF), fully restored the DNA-binding activity of the oxidized...
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PMID: 1498089
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (66)6 1992
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in the chronically infected T-cell line ACH-2. The HSV-1-mediated induction correlates with the appearance of two NF-kappa B-specific proteins of 55 and 85 kDa in the nucleus...
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PMID: 1316471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (66)6 1992
Abstract
The function of a putative NFAT-1 site in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer has been analyzed. Activation by the T-cell antigen receptor is minimal in Jurkat cells and is mediated by the kappa B sites. The putative NFAT-1 region is not required for the response to anti-CD3 or to mitog...
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PMID: 1533884
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Historically, research into the regulation of gene expression in primate lentiviruses has focused on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. The increasing emergence of HIV-2 as a human pathogen, and the importance of the...
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PMID: 1315144
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.