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Particulate Matter
Abstract
Military personnel deployed in the Middle East have emphasized concerns regarding high levels of dust generated from blowing desert sand and the movement of troops and equipment. Airborne particulate matter levels (PM(10); PM < 10 μm) in the region may exceed 1500 μg/m(3), signific...
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PMID: 21899408
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
In several Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) industries, relatively high temperatures are used as part of their industrial processes. In coal combustion, as occur in other high temperature processes, an increase of the activity concentration of every natural radioisotope is produced bot...
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PMID: 21093128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The influence of sea-land breezes (SLBs) on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere was investigated over coastal Taiwan. PM was simultaneously sampled at inland and offshore locations during three intensive sampling periods. The intensive PM sampl...
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PMID: 21516932
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
As part of the Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES), regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from four different 2007 model year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-compliant heavy-duty highway diesel engines were measured on an engine dynamometer. The engines were equipped with e...
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PMID: 21516938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We monitored the concentrations of major air pollutants before, during, and after the Olympics at a suburban site in Beijing. Atmospheric concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NH3, NO2, SO2, and the particulate ions NH4+, NO3-, SO4(2-) Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ all decreased during the Olympic period because of s...
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PMID: 21488491
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fly ash on growth and yield of three locally grown cultivars of an important leguminous plant mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) on soil amended with different concentrations of fly ash. The values of pH, EC, WHC, soil cations, total heavy metals...
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PMID: 20696477
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We applied multiple methods of estimating exposure for several air pollutants. We investigated how different methods of estimating exposure may influence health effect estimates in a case study of lung function data, forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC), for 2102 co...
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PMID: 20832787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Concerns about limiting pandemic infectious disease transmission when vaccines are not yet available prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to develop guidance for marketing respirators for use in public health medical emergencies. This project describes the results of filtering facepiece f...
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PMID: 20853203
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science of the Total Environment (408)23 2010
Abstract
We divide the UAE into small grid cells and use spatial-statistical methods to estimate the ambient pollutant concentrations in each cell based on the observed data. Premature deaths attributed to PM and O(3) are computed for each grid cell and then aggregated across grid cells and over a year to es...
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PMID: 20828789
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mobile sources significantly contribute to ambient concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM). Source apportionment studies for PM10 (PM < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM2.5 (PM < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) indicate that mobile sources can be responsible for over...
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PMID: 21141431
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering (45)13 2010
Abstract
We suspected that some of the lower-molecular-weight PAHs [phenanthrene (PA), anthracene (Ant), pyrene (Pyr)] obtained in the fine particles at idle originated from unburned 95-octane unleaded fuel. When operated at 15 km/h, pyrolysis of the PAHs dominated, resulting in increased amounts of medium-m...
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PMID: 20924922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hourly concentrations of ambient fine particle sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], and black carbon [BC]) were measured at the Harvard-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Boston, MA, between January 2007 and October 2008. These hourly concentr...
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PMID: 21141426
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Light attenuation (b(att)) measured from filter light transmission is compared with elemental carbon (EC) measurements for more than 180,000 collocated PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM10 (PM < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) samples from nearly...
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PMID: 21141430
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Chemical tracer methods for determining contributions to primary organic aerosol (POA) are fairly well established, whereas similar techniques for secondary organic aerosol (SOA), inherently complicated by time-dependent atmospheric processes, are only beginning to be studied. Laboratory chamber exp...
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PMID: 21141432
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study presents an assessment of the performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) photochemical model in forecasting daily PM2.5 (particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentrations over most of the eastern United States for a 2-yr period from June 14,...
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PMID: 21141423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To obtain the characteristic factors or signatures of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to help identify the sources of particulate PAHs in the atmosphere, different carbonaceous aerosols were generated by burning different fossil fuels and biomass under different conditions in the...
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PMID: 21141424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) is one of the major components of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and a significant portion of OC is from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the southeastern United States. Various approaches (based on measurement and mo...
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PMID: 21141422
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Environmental Pollution (158)11 2010
Abstract
Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM(2.5) were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating micro-balance (TEOM), TEOM with...
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PMID: 20728971
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We present experimental evidence that they can be solid under ambient conditions. We investigated biogenic SOA particles formed from oxidation products of VOCs in plant chamber experiments and in boreal forests within a few hours after atmospheric nucleation events. On the basis of observed particle...
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PMID: 20944744
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our previous in situ study showed that bryophyte-microorganism complexes were affected by particulate atmospheric pollution. Here, the effect of urban particulate wet deposits on microbial communities living in bryophytes was studied under controlled conditions. An urban particulate solution was pre...
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PMID: 20674976
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A respiratory health survey conducted in an assembly plant in 2000-2001 found that welders had elevated rates of self-reported respiratory symptoms compared with painters and assembly workers. Subsequently, the ventilation system was improved at the body weld department. In a follow-up study, partic...
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PMID: 20803369
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the current scientific literature about the health effects of ultrafine particles exposure.
UFPs are able to inhibit phagocytosis, and to stimulate inflammatory responses, damaging epithelial cells and potentially gaining access to the interstitium. They could be responsible for consiste...
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PMID: 21222367
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology In Vitro (24)7 2010
Abstract
We examined the effects of PM collected from Fresno, California on activation of human monocytes and their interaction with vascular endothelium, a key event in atherogenesis. PM exposure increased cytokine expression and secretion from monocytes and enhanced monocyte adhesion to human aortic endoth...
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PMID: 20801209
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the natural desulfurization process taking place in coal-fired units using Greek lignite. The dry scrubbing capability of Greek lignite appears to be extremely high under special conditions, which can make it possible for the units to operate within the legislative limits of sulf...
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PMID: 21090555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper is part of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association's 2010 special issue on combustion aerosol measurements. The issue is a combination of papers that synthesize and evaluate ideas and perspectives that were presented by experts at a series of workshops sponsored by the Coord...
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PMID: 21090547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Real-world particulate emission measurements usually include a fresh nanoparticle mode called the nucleation mode. The formation of the nucleation mode during mixing, dilution, and cooling of diesel exhaust is discussed based on existing experimental and modeling data. The further evolution of the n...
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PMID: 21090552
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Particles emitted from gravel processing sites are one contributor to worsening air quality in Taiwan. Major pollution sources at gravel processing sites include gravel and sand piles, unpaved roads, material crushers, and bare ground. This study analyzed fugitive dust emission characteristics at ea...
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PMID: 21090554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Atmospheric transformations determine the contribution of emissions from combustion systems to fine particulate matter (PM) mass. For example, combustion systems emit vapors that condense onto existing particles or form new particles as the emissions are cooled and diluted. Upon entering the atmosph...
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PMID: 21090549
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements are used to characterize the evolution of exhaust particulate matter (PM) properties near and downwind of vehicle sources. The AMS provides time-resolved chemically speciated mass loadings and mass-weighted size distributions of nonrefractory PM smaller t...
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PMID: 21090548
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Coordinating Research Council convened two Real-Time PM Measurement Workshops in December 2008 and March 2009 to take an intensive look at the current status and future directions of combustion aerosol measurement. The purpose was to examine the implications of parallel rapid developments over t...
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PMID: 21090546
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A state-of-the-science thermodynamic model describing gas-particle absorption processes was used to predict the gas-particle partitioning of mixtures of approximately 60 carbonyl compounds emitted from low-emission gasoline-powered vehicles, three-way catalyst gasoline-powered vehicles, heavy-duty d...
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PMID: 21090551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that use of huntite or hydromagnesite was much more successful in obstructing the release of the toxic elements present in the ash, probably because of the alkaline conditions resulting from decomposition of the minerals during burning. In contrast, DAP tended to be more able to facilitate...
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PMID: 20033757
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerosol and gaseous pollution measurements were carried out at an urban background site in the south of Italy located near an industrial complex. Collection of 24 h samples of PM10 and PM2.5 and successive chemical quantification of metals were performed. Data were compared with measurements taken a...
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PMID: 20559588
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We measured the effects of filtration and deflection achieved with surgical masks and N95 respirators.
We constructed a chamber designed to produce radiolabeled wet aerosols simulating contaminated particles exhaled during tidal breathing (source). Particles within the chamber were exposed to either...
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PMID: 20736113
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The development of a Microflow digital imaging (MDI) method to detect and monitor protein particulates in a high concentration IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation is presented. The MDI assay was optimized and qualified as a characterization assay in terms of accuracy and precision o...
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PMID: 20229596
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerosolization performance of dry powder blends of drugs for the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases have been reported in three previous articles. In vitro aerosolization was performed at defined shear stresses (0.624-13.143 N/m(2)). Formulations were chara...
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PMID: 20232454
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated PM(2.5) nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, ammonium, calcium, and magnesium ions using a URG 9000-D aerosol ion monitor with 1-h time-resolution and detection limit of 0.1 microg/m(3). The gas phase is separated from the aerosol phase with a liquid diffusion parallel-plate...
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PMID: 20819279
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MC), designed by evolution to eliminate inhaled and possibly noxious material from the airways, considerably limits the benefit of inhalation therapy. Although the principles of MC seem to be understood, there are still many open questions on mucociliary particle clearance. In...
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PMID: 20500091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Respirology (15)6 2010
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study of an adult general population, self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, but not self-reported exposure to wood stoves, candles or gas cookers, appeared to be associated with an increased prevalence of lower airway symptoms and decreased lung function....
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PMID: 20456673
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
During the last decades, the air quality of the city of Athens has been quite aggravated. Scientific interest has been focused on health effects caused by both outdoor and indoor air pollution. The purpose of this study was the presentation of results from air quality measurements in two similar typ...
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PMID: 19572108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A field study was carried out in Shanghai metro stations to gather and evaluate information about the real environment. The thermal environment and particulate matter levels were monitored in this study. The mean thermal sensation vote in metro stations was 0.91, and the mean thermal neutral tempera...
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PMID: 19609696
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Total suspended particles mass concentrations (TSP) and bulk depositions of particulate matter (PM depositions) were measured around a cement plant located in the multi-impacted area to assess the affect of the plant on the ambient air in the vicinity in Izmir, Turkey. TSP samples were collected fiv...
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PMID: 19543992
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The distribution of PAHs was showed clear seasonal variation in the Tumen River environment, the ice phase and air pollution look like an important factor affecting on the seasonal variation. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The ice phase as an important factor affecting on the seasonal variation o...
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PMID: 20352352
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the primary cause of death among US firefighters during fire suppression. In other populations, exposure to respirable particles, including ultrafine particles, has been widely implicated as a risk factor for CHD. This study is the first to report detailed characteriz...
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PMID: 20657302
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology (275)1-3 2010
Abstract
Knowledge on mechanisms of smoking-induced tumorigenesis and on active smoke constituents may improve the development and evaluation of chemopreventive and therapeutic interventions, early diagnostic markers, and new and potentially reduced-risk tobacco products. A suitable laboratory animal disease...
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PMID: 20594951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Immunology (185)2 2010
Abstract
We have investigated the cross talk between receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and particle phagocytosis-induced activation of human monocytes. Understanding interconnected signals is of particular importance to disorders, such as periprosthetic osteolysis, in...
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PMID: 20543106
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It is here described the comparison of extraction efficiency of some solutions (acetate buffer, deionized water, diluted HNO(3) and EDTA) frequently adopted in literature for evaluating the elemental solubility in airborne particulate matter. This comparison was performed considering the distributio...
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PMID: 20602978
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We measured sensitive real-time change of low-chlorinated (Cl(1)-Cl(3)) benzenes in gas phase from heated model and real solid samples using the recently developed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon ionization (SPI) ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS). Model solid sample...
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PMID: 20550108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the condensed-phase reactions of biogenic VOCs with C double bond C bonds (limonene, C(10)H(16), and terpineol, C(10)H(18)O) catalyzed by sulfuric acid by both bulk solution (BS) experiments and gas-particle (GP) experiments using a flow cell reactor. Product analysis by gas chromato...
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PMID: 20550185
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Environmental Management (46)1 2010
Abstract
We investigated selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties (0-15 cm depth) in marginal agricultural land and a chronosequence of poplar (Populus euramericana cv. 'N3016') plantations (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years old) in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Soil bulk density significantl...
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PMID: 20508936
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Welding is a major industrial process used for joining metals. Occupational exposure to welding fumes is a serious occupational health problem all over the world. The degree of risk to welder's health from fumes depends on composition, concentration, and the length of exposure. The aim of this study...
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PMID: 20717553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution, assessed through reliable indicators of exposure, on asthma and allergies in schoolchildren. A validated dispersion model combining data on traffic conditions, topography, meteorology and background pollution wa...
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PMID: 20075054
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of retrofitting trucks with DPF on air quality in southern California, using an Eulerian photochemical air quality model. Compared to a 2014 reference scenario without the retrofit program, black carbon concentrations decreased by 12 +/- 2% and 14 +/- 2% during summer and fal...
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PMID: 20521811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Environmental Research (110)5 2010
Abstract
By multilayer spiral low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) of the chest this study assesses the early detection of lung lesions on a sample of 100 traffic policemen of a big Italian city professionally exposed to urban pollutants and 100 controls non-occupationally exposed to urban pollutants matched...
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PMID: 20430373
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed a metaanalysis.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Database and analyzed 15 epidemiologic (11 cross-sectional and four case-control) studies that met our criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed independently...
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PMID: 20139228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed a metaanalysis.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Database and analyzed 15 epidemiologic (11 cross-sectional and four case-control) studies that met our criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed independently...
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PMID: 20139228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed a metaanalysis.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Database and analyzed 15 epidemiologic (11 cross-sectional and four case-control) studies that met our criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed independently...
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PMID: 20139228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed a metaanalysis.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences Database and analyzed 15 epidemiologic (11 cross-sectional and four case-control) studies that met our criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed independently...
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PMID: 20139228
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.