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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Vehicle Emissions (0):
Recent article
Vehicle Emissions
Indoor Air (21)1 2011
Abstract
Car dealer showrooms furnished with desk areas are a work place whose occupants may be exposed to evaporative emissions from the exhibited cars. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the main organic compounds present in car dealer showrooms as a result of evaporative emissions from the...
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PMID: 20846213
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We hypothesized that single acute exposure to ambient or engineered particulate matter (PM) in the absence of other secondary stimuli would activate lung dendritic cells (DC) in vivo and provide information on the early immunological events of PM exposure and DC activation in a mouse model naïve to...
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PMID: 21099199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine these methodologies using both simulated data and observed data taken from a recent experiment examining a biomarker of diesel exhaust (DE), urinary 1-aminopyrene (1-AP). In the experiment, a series of spot urine samples were collected in a group of healthy volunteers for 24 h after a c...
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PMID: 20442755
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin (152)43 2010
Abstract
Abstract
In many metropolitan areas, traffic is the main source of air pollution. The high concentrations of pollutants in streets have the potential to affect human health. Therefore, estimation of air pollution at the street level is required for health impact assessment. This task has been carried out in...
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PMID: 21141425
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mobile sources significantly contribute to ambient concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM). Source apportionment studies for PM10 (PM < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM2.5 (PM < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) indicate that mobile sources can be responsible for over...
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PMID: 21141431
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering (45)13 2010
Abstract
We suspected that some of the lower-molecular-weight PAHs [phenanthrene (PA), anthracene (Ant), pyrene (Pyr)] obtained in the fine particles at idle originated from unburned 95-octane unleaded fuel. When operated at 15 km/h, pyrolysis of the PAHs dominated, resulting in increased amounts of medium-m...
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PMID: 20924922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Using models to estimate the contribution of traffic to air pollution levels from known traffic data typically requires the knowledge of model parameters such as emission factors and meteorological conditions. This paper presents a state-space model analysis method that does not require the knowledg...
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PMID: 21141427
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the current scientific literature about the health effects of ultrafine particles exposure.
UFPs are able to inhibit phagocytosis, and to stimulate inflammatory responses, damaging epithelial cells and potentially gaining access to the interstitium. They could be responsible for consiste...
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PMID: 21222367
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper is part of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association's 2010 special issue on combustion aerosol measurements. The issue is a combination of papers that synthesize and evaluate ideas and perspectives that were presented by experts at a series of workshops sponsored by the Coord...
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PMID: 21090547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Real-world particulate emission measurements usually include a fresh nanoparticle mode called the nucleation mode. The formation of the nucleation mode during mixing, dilution, and cooling of diesel exhaust is discussed based on existing experimental and modeling data. The further evolution of the n...
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PMID: 21090552
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper presents the measurement of airborne particle properties with use of a dedicated sampling protocol and a measurement setup directly installed in the exhaust line of vehicles and engines. The sampling system dilutes a small part of the exhaust directly at the tailpipe without the need of e...
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PMID: 21090550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Atmospheric transformations determine the contribution of emissions from combustion systems to fine particulate matter (PM) mass. For example, combustion systems emit vapors that condense onto existing particles or form new particles as the emissions are cooled and diluted. Upon entering the atmosph...
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PMID: 21090549
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements are used to characterize the evolution of exhaust particulate matter (PM) properties near and downwind of vehicle sources. The AMS provides time-resolved chemically speciated mass loadings and mass-weighted size distributions of nonrefractory PM smaller t...
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PMID: 21090548
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Coordinating Research Council convened two Real-Time PM Measurement Workshops in December 2008 and March 2009 to take an intensive look at the current status and future directions of combustion aerosol measurement. The purpose was to examine the implications of parallel rapid developments over t...
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PMID: 21090546
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A state-of-the-science thermodynamic model describing gas-particle absorption processes was used to predict the gas-particle partitioning of mixtures of approximately 60 carbonyl compounds emitted from low-emission gasoline-powered vehicles, three-way catalyst gasoline-powered vehicles, heavy-duty d...
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PMID: 21090551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper presents a method for constructing a membership function (MF) for the fuzzy sets that expert systems deal with. This paper introduces a Bezier curve-based mechanism for constructing MFs of convex normal fuzzy sets. The mechanism can fit any given data set with a minimum level of discrepan...
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PMID: 19603277
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Variant alleles of TLR2 and TLR4 genes influence the susceptibility to adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution on childhood asthma....
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PMID: 20685742
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Crystalline silica, a known carcinogen, probably affects lung cancer risk in iron ore miners. The main implication of the results is for interpretation of the dose-response curve for radon and lung cancer in underground iron ore miners. Since exposure to radon and quartz is often correlated, quartz...
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PMID: 20519746
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study examined associations of asthma with school commuting time.
Time on likely school commute route was used as a proxy for on-road air pollution exposure among 4741 elementary school children at enrollment into the Children's Health Study. Lifetime asthma and severe wheeze (including multipl...
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PMID: 20657304
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Analyses of lead concentration and isotopic composition of recent and archived samples of the lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii) chronicle more than a century of atmospheric lead contamination in central California. The contamination extends back to our oldest sample from 1892, when lead levels in lic...
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PMID: 20527766
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We employ data collected from 1978 as reported in 41 roadside monitoring studies, encompassing more than 700 air pollutant concentration measurements, published as of June 2008. Two types of normalization, background and edge-of-road, were applied to the observed concentrations. Local regression mod...
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PMID: 20560612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution, assessed through reliable indicators of exposure, on asthma and allergies in schoolchildren. A validated dispersion model combining data on traffic conditions, topography, meteorology and background pollution wa...
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PMID: 20075054
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this long-term follow-up study we found little evidence of a causal association between employment as an urban bus driver in Denmark and subsequent cancer.
2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc....
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PMID: 20583138
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether more precise exposure measures would better detect associations between traffic-related pollution, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and heart rate variability (HRV).
Repeated 24-hour personal and ambient PM2.5, EC, and NO2 were measured for 30 people living in Atlan...
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PMID: 20595912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emitted from internal combustion engines are composed primarily of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Exhaust from most combustion sources contains NOx composed primarily of NO. There are two important scenarios specific to lean-burn natural gas engines in which t...
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PMID: 20681434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest opportunities to improve the environmental performance of freight transport through infrastructure development, technology implementation, and economic incentives....
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PMID: 20681436
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We set out to determine whether genetic polymorphisms in genes affecting vascular and autonomic function, blood pressure, or inflammation influence the relationship between traffic proximity and LVM.
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,376 genotyped participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Athero...
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PMID: 20308035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Projected life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy value (NEV) of high-ethanol blend fuel (E85) used to propel a passenger car in the United States are evaluated using attributional life cycle assessment. Input data represent national-average conditions projected to 2022 for ethanol...
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PMID: 20527764
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems are the second-largest energy consumers in cars after driving itself. While different measurement series are available to illustrate their behavior in hot ambient conditions, little data are available for lower temperatures. There are also no data available on d...
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PMID: 20527915
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the fuel-cycle CO(2), SO(2), and NO(x) emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids. EVs do not promise much benefit in reducing CO(2) emissions currently, but greater CO(2)...
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PMID: 20496930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of biodiesel blends on regulated and unregulated emissions from a Euro 4 diesel passenger car, fitted with a diesel oxidation catalyst and a diesel particle filter (DPF). Emission and fuel consumption measurements were conducted for the New European Driving Cycle...
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PMID: 20496938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of retrofitting trucks with DPF on air quality in southern California, using an Eulerian photochemical air quality model. Compared to a 2014 reference scenario without the retrofit program, black carbon concentrations decreased by 12 +/- 2% and 14 +/- 2% during summer and fal...
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PMID: 20521811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have a significant impact on the ecosystem and disrupt balance between environment, human and non-human components that result in deleterious effects to all forms of life. Identifying environmental factors for potential imbalance are extremely crucial for devising strategies...
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PMID: 20929054
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Kansas City Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Study (KCVES) measured exhaust emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from 496 vehicles recruited in the Kansas City metropolitan area in 2004 and 2005. Vehicle emissions testing occurred during the summer and winter, with the vehicles operated...
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PMID: 20465208
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed degree and consistency of association between traffic exposure indicators as predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulse pressure (PP) in an adult U.S. Puerto Rican population (n = 1,017).
Cross-sectional information on health and demographics and blood data was collected. Using mul...
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PMID: 20123638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that, although PN emissions from CNG buses are significantly lower than from diesel buses at low engine power, they become comparable at high power. For diesel buses, PN emissions are not significantly different between acceleration and operation at steady maximum power. However, the corresp...
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PMID: 20384333
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) emissions from one serial 4-stroke medium-speed marine diesel engine were measured for load conditions from 10% to 110% in test rig studies using heavy fuel oil (HFO). Testing the engine across its entire load range permitted the scaling of exhaust PM properties with load. Em...
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PMID: 20402501
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Automotive exhaust emission is a major cause of air pollution. Three-way catalyst (TWC) which can eliminate CO, HC (hydrocarbons), and NO(x) simultaneously has been used to control exhaust emissions. Ceria-zirconia is a key component in TWC and most researchers pay attention to Ceria-Zirconia (Ce-ri...
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PMID: 20408547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Inhalation Toxicology (22)6 2010
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of particulate matter air pollution, including emissions from diesel generators, on visits to emergency departments for asthma. Daily asthma case data from participating hospitals in the greater Tacoma, Washington area were obtained. Daily as...
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PMID: 20384437
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We intended to establish how efficient the leaf antioxidant responses of C. echinata are against oxidative environmental conditions observed in an urban environment and their relations to growth and biomass parameters. Plants were grown for 15 months in four sites: Congonhas and Pinheiros, affected...
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PMID: 20060591
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To develop the usefulness of plants as bioindicators requires an appropriate selection of plant species which entail an utmost importance for a particular situation. In the present study a periodic evaluation of air pollution tolerance index [APTI] of selected tree species such as Polyalthia longifo...
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PMID: 21047015
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology (21)3 2010
Abstract
Exposure to primary organic components of fossil fuel combustion near the home were strongly associated with increased ambulatory BP in a population at potential risk of heart attack. Low fitness or obesity may increase the effects of pollutants....
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PMID: 20335815
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemosphere (79)11 2010
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of the carbonyl emissions from a direct injection heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with pure diesel fuel (DF) and blended fuel containing 15% by volume of ethanol (E/DF). The tests have been conducted under steady-state operating conditions at 1200, 1800, 2600 rpm...
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PMID: 20416922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis (103)4 2010
Abstract
We utilised zebrafish as a genetically tractable model. Using light and confocal fluorescence video-microscopy, we measured heart-rate and blood flow in the dorsal aorta and caudal artery of zebrafish larvae that had been exposed to a number of toxic and non-toxic microparticles and nanoparticles. D...
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PMID: 20174755
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proven to be toxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic, there is widespread interest in analyzing and evaluating exposure to PAHs in atmospheric environments influenced by different emission sources. Because traffic emissions are one of the bigge...
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PMID: 20437774
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our specific aims were (1) to characterize the gas- and particle-phase products of atmospheric transformations of DE under the influence of daylight, ozone (O3), hydroxyl (OH) radicals, and nitrate (NO3) radicals; and (2) to explore the biologic activity of DE before and after the transformations to...
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PMID: 20572366
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We observed similar reductions in O3 concentrations in several other cities in the Southeastern United States. We observed little or no evidence of reduced ED visits during the Olympic Games; the estimates were sensitive to choice of analytic model and to method of adjusting for temporal trends. The...
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PMID: 20575278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosols in Xi'an, China from 2005 to 2007, by using a modified Soxhlet extraction followed by a clean-up procedure using automated column chromatography followed by HPLC/fluorescence detection. The sources of PAHs were apportioned by using the...
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PMID: 20156638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Rapid, but unplanned urban development and the consequent urban sprawl coupled with economic growth have aggravated auto dependency in India over the last two decades. This has resulted in congestion and pollution in cities. The central and state governments have taken many ameliorative measures to...
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PMID: 20149922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between cardiovascular mortality and traffic-related air pollutants (NO(2), CO, PM(10), and six volatile organic compounds (VOCs), propane, iso-butane, propylene, benzene, meta-, para-, and ortho-xylenes) was investigated. The concentrations of NO(2), PM(10) and CO fr...
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PMID: 20163830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The levels of total suspended particles and airborne particulate trace metals were determined in three locations. Two of these locations are in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, where the main source of pollution is vehicular traffic. The remaining location is in a suburban area characterized...
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PMID: 20041227
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Catalytic converters are used to curb exhaust pollution from motorcycles in Taiwan. A number of factors, including the length of time the converter is used for and driving conditions, affect the catalysts' properties during periods of use. The goal of this study is to resolve the thermal deactivatio...
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PMID: 20426275
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology In Vitro (24)2 2010
Abstract
We concluded that screening methods for evaluating health effects could be established using this cell-exposure system because the effects of DE on A549 cells were shown by cell viability and gene expression.
Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 19900534
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology (21)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Proximity increased the prevalence of acute respiratory infection both in urban and rural areas after adjusting for indoor air pollution. In urban areas, the prevalence of acute upper respiratory infection increased by 1.012 (95% confidence intervals: 1.005 to 1.019) per 2 km proximity to a major ro...
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PMID: 20190647
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The diesel exhaust (DE)-lung cancer hypothesis is evaluated. Diesel power became common after World War II, exposure was to traditional diesel exhaust (TDE) before 1988. In the next, 20 years, emissions were modified to new-technology diesel exhaust (NTDE) containing 1% of pre-1988 levels of diesel...
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PMID: 20156057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This protocol appears useful for assessing acute adverse cardiovascular effects of in-vehicle exposures among people who have diabetes....
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PMID: 20190650
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.