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Refractive Errors (6):
Recent article
Refractive Errors
Abstract
To evaluate the spherical aberration in aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) using a model eye.
Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
Experimental study.
This study tested 20.00 diopter (D) and 10.00 to 30.00 D aspheric IOLs in a fluid-fi...
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PMID: 21511157
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
A protocol-based ophthalmological assessment was performed on-site by a skilled investigator.
Children attending schools for special needs in Glasgow were offered eye care within their school. Outcomes for the first 240 participants are reported.
Number of children for whom visual acuity could be me...
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PMID: 20647259
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ophthalmic Epidemiology (17)5 2010
Abstract
To develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure of refractive error for persons living in developing countries.
A 21-item visual function questionnaire was developed from existing instruments through pilot testing in 51 urban Indian adults with refractive error. This was then administered...
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PMID: 20868254
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi (114)10 2010
Abstract
Abstract
To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations with automated keratometry, a Placido-based corneal topographer, and a combined Placido-based and dual Scheimpflug corneal topographer.
Retrospectively, 75 eyes of 62 patients who had phacoemulsification with implantation of the SN...
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PMID: 20595893
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To assess the safety and efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C (PRK-MMC) to correct refractive errors after corneal transplantation.
This was a prospective and noncomparative study of 36 eyes that underwent PRK-MMC after penetrating (n = 34) or lamellar (n = 2) keratoplasty. After...
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PMID: 20628299
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)20 2010
Abstract
We present simulations based on our modelling approach, and validate them through comparison to real data. This work could be useful in areas such as the testing of ophthalmic devices and the development of improved algorithms for laser refractive surgery....
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PMID: 20941035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Refractive error data are presented for a population base that has not been previously reported, although Polish Americans comprise 3% of the US population. Myopia is more common in young Polish patients than in the general US population. The strong hyperopic shift in older patients may either be no...
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PMID: 20526223
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Subjective blur limits for cylinder are 30 to 50% greater than those for defocus, with the overall influence of cylinder axis being 20%....
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PMID: 20562670
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Myopic children younger than 12 years of age report better vision-related quality of life when they are fit with contact lenses than when they wear glasses. Older children, children who participate in recreational activities, children who are motivated to wear contact lenses, and children who do not...
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PMID: 20562669
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In enucleated globes, mean +/- SD lens diameter was 20.14 +/- 0.75 mm. Preoperative and postoperative refractive state of enucleated globes with 30-D IOL implants was -0.46 +/- 1.03 D and -2.47 +/- 1.03 D, respectively; preoperative and postoperative difference in refraction was 2.96 +/- 0.84 D. Pre...
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PMID: 20594084
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE. The Dutch population-based child health monitoring program includes regular preverbal (age range, 1-24 months) and preschool (age range, 36-72 months) vision screening. This study is on the contribution of an organized vision screening program to the detection of amblyopia. METHODS. A 7-yea...
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PMID: 20089868
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
DLEK provides good visual acuity (> or =20/40) for the majority of patients at 1 year with stable refractive error compared with baseline. Refractive stability was observed with both large- and small-incision DLEKs; however, worrisome endothelial cell loss was observed, especially with a small-incis...
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PMID: 20458237
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nuclear opalescence cataract was present in 13.5% (18.5% of those > or =40 years); cortical opacity cataract was present in 13.1% (17.7% of those > or =40 years); and posterior subcapsular cataract was present in 15.8% (21.0% of those > or =40 years). 12.6% of patients (17.3% of those > or =40 years...
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PMID: 20491806
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
From those recruited, 15.2% were hypermetropic; 11.1% were myopic; and 6.2% had astigmatism. Participants became progressively more hypermetropic with increasing age until the age of 70 years, after which time they become more myopic. Furthermore, there was an increasing likelihood of myopia and a d...
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PMID: 20491802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
AIMS To establish the prevalence of heterophoria and its association with refractive error and ethnicity in a population-based study of Australian schoolchildren. METHODS The Sydney Myopia Study is a stratified, random cluster (school-based) sample of 4093 students (examined: 2003-2005). Two samples...
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PMID: 19850581
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The majority of the visual impact of high levels of fourth-order Zernike aberrations can be attributed to the second-order terms within these polynomials. Therefore, the impact of SA can be minimized by balancing it with a defocus term that flattens the central wavefront (paraxial focus) or maximize...
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PMID: 20351600
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To compare deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) using the big-bubble technique to penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with keratoconus.
In this clinical trial, patients with moderate to advanced keratoconus with poor spectacle-corrected visual acuity and intolerant to contact lens wear w...
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PMID: 20168217
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In all groups of subjects, higher IOP values were detected by RT; the IOP readings exceed the GAT values usually in a range of less than 1 mmHg, except when RT detects IOP >18 mmHg and generally in myopic eyes; RT-GAT discrepancy is related to the refractive error, but not to CCT....
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PMID: 19727794
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The plusoptiX S04 is an automated photoscreening device that takes multiple images in less than 30 seconds, determining a noncycloplegic refraction. Sensitivity and specificity suggests that testing the plusoptiX S04 for applications in a general screening environment should be considered.
Copyright...
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PMID: 20451857
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Military Medicine (175)3 2010
Abstract
We provide an update on the prevalence of corrective lenses and refractive error among USAF aircrew based on eyeglass orders processed through the Spectacle Request Transmission System (SRTS). Currently, 41% of active duty USAF pilots and 54% of other aircrew require corrective lenses to perform fli...
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PMID: 20358711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The data suggest that each eye of an individual patient be considered independently when selecting IOL power as part of cataract surgery.
Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated....
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PMID: 20229952
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Femtosecond thin-flap LASIK is a safe procedure in eyes with previous PK. This procedure is reasonably predictable, especially for the spherical component of the refraction. Creating the flap with the femtosecond laser and performing excimer laser ablation within the corneal graft limits without inv...
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PMID: 20229951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Eye Research (35)2 2010
Abstract
This study showed that age and magnitude of both spherical and cylindrical refractive error are the most determinative factors on mesopic pupil size....
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PMID: 20136423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Glaucoma (19)2 2010
Abstract
This study provides normative RNFL values for Hong Kong Chinese children. It can be used as a reference for the screening of glaucoma in children. AL demonstrates a significant negative correlation with RNFL thickness....
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PMID: 19528822
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
An instrument permitting visual testing in white light following the correction of spherical aberration (SA) and longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) was used to explore the visual effect of the combined correction of SA and LCA in future new intraocular lenses (IOLs). The LCA of the eye was corr...
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PMID: 20173991
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We incorporated a double-pass scanning system with a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) to develop a scanning Shack Hartmann aberrometer (SSHA). The prototype SSHA successfully measured the off-axis wavefront aberrations over +/- 15 degree visual field within 7 seconds. In two validation experim...
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PMID: 20173936
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
The study assesses the spectrum of ocular morbidity and predictors of morbidity in children living in orphanages in the Kathmandu Valley.
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed at 12 orphanages over a period of three months. The survey included a questionnaire and a complete eye examina...
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PMID: 21180217
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Congenital ptosis is often associated with visual impairment. The aim of the study is to find out the pattern of refractive error, strabismus and amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis in a hospital setting.
This is a hospital based prospective and descriptive study conducted at Tribhuvan Univ...
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PMID: 21180220
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Of the patients evaluated, 88.2% had an ocular or refractive finding, 58.8% had myopia (degenerative in three cases), 52.9% had astigmatism, 11.7% had an-isometropia, 17.6% had strabismus, 11.7% had retinitis pigmentosa, 5.9% had keratoconus, 5.9% had optic atrophy, and 5.9% had nystagmus. CONCLUSION...
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PMID: 20128550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Of the 226 children, 87 had a second examination and cycloplegic refraction at a mean of 2 years after the initial visit. In 63 of the children, the second examination and refraction remained normal. Three (3.4%) children had significant refractive error and were treated with spectacles: two had ani...
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PMID: 20506997
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Myopia is a major health problem, not only because of its high prevalence in Asia but also because it contributes to visual morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ear acupressure for visual improvement on school children in Taiwan. Participants were fifth-grade school children with vi...
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PMID: 20503462
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nineteen children with corpus callosum agenesis were identified, of whom 13 were examined. All had partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Visual acuity was better than 20/60 in 5 children (38%), between 20/60 and 20/200 in 3 children (23%), and less than 20/200 in 5 children (38%). Refractive erro...
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PMID: 19791713
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We did a prospective study to find out the disc foveal angle (DFA) and its variation in children without squint. We included 210 eyes of 105 children between the ages of 5-15 years. DFA was calculated using standard technique after taking a fundus photograph. The cycloplegic refraction was done and...
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PMID: 20689198
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To study the relationship between ocular parameters and amplitude of accommodation (AA) in the peri-presbyopic age group (35-50 years).
Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years, who attended our outpatient clinic, were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetrop...
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PMID: 20952831
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
First grade refractive error and the number of myopic parents can predict a child's risk of myopia; however, because the sensitivity of these factors is low, these two predictors may not be sufficient at this young age when a more accurate prediction of myopia onset is needed....
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PMID: 19737876
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Development of ocular components in the mouse is similar to that of the tree shrew but different from that of higher primates and humans. Primary differences can be attributed to the age-related changes of the crystalline lens and CRC. In spite of these differences, mice appear to be able to achieve...
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PMID: 19661239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use the methodology to predict the visual acuity in the presence of defocus of a population of cataract patients implanted with diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses. For the prediction, we used a set of physiological eye models that include chromatic and higher order aberrations. We found th...
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PMID: 20799776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Vision (16) 2010
Abstract
Both form-deprivation and negative-lens wear modulated the retinal expression of ZENK and PPG RNA transcripts, with a similar time-course and strength of response. The ability of the tested drugs to prevent the down-regulation of ZENK in both lens-induced myopia (LIM) and form-deprivation myopia (FD...
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PMID: 20405027
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Vision (16) 2010
Abstract
These results indicate that the expression of AQP4 and Kir4.1 channels on Müller cells is associated with the changes in ocular volume seen during the induction of refractive errors. However, the sites of greatest expression and the temporal pattern of the upregulation of AQP4 and Kir4.1 were dissi...
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PMID: 20806048
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
One hundred and ninety seven all male drivers were screened. Their ages ranged from 31 to 64 years (mean 48.3 +/-5.9yr). Less than satisfactory presenting (functional) binocular visual acuity (< 6/18) was found in 11(5.6%) of the drivers. With refraction no driver had binocular vision of <6/18, but...
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PMID: 20037620
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Optometry and Vision Science (86)12 2009
Abstract
ONH parameters were not related to age and refractive error, and only C/D area ratio and linear C/D ratio were greater in boys than girls in a clinical sample of African American children. These measures of normative ONH parameters and range of interocular differences may be helpful in clinical pedi...
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PMID: 19826318
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ophthalmic Epidemiology (16)5 2009
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for refractive correction in this area in India. Rapid assessment methods are an effective means of assessing the need for services and the impact of models of care....
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PMID: 19874105
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy causes significant decrease in ocular wave front aberrations measured using the Nidek-OPD scan aberrometer, which can account for a better optical quality after the procedure. Further research to examine the impact of wave front aberrations in visual function after...
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PMID: 19789587
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Preoperative mean keratometric astigmatism was 5.37 +/- 2.36 D. Six months postoperatively it was 5.29 +/- 2.73 D (p = 0.35). Total higher order aberrations were preoperatively 3.35 +/- 1.65 microm and after 6 months 3.31 +/- 1.79 microm (p = 0.116). Coma's root mean square was 2.94 +/- 1.47 microm...
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PMID: 19750424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sixty-six men and 41 women with a mean+/-SD age of 52.7+/-10.3 (range: 30 - 80) years were studied. Most (62.2%) of the patients aged more than 50 years. Twenty-two (20.5%) patients had had an episode of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the fellow eye. Overall, 51 (47.7%) patients...
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PMID: 19722769
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Medica Okayama (63)4 2009
Abstract
We tested refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer in addition to visual acuity testing and inspection to reveal whether or not autorefraction leads to better detection of eye problems. Autorefraction was performed in 6 consecutive sessions by a single examiner in 265 children at 3.5 years of a...
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PMID: 19727204
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Most ocular components showed little clinically meaningful variation by ethnicity. The shallower anterior chambers and deeper vitreous chambers of Native-American children appeared to be offset by flatter corneas. The relatively deeper anterior chambers and shallower vitreous chambers of White child...
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PMID: 19650241
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Three subjects (age 21 to 24 years) participated. The measured total mean spherical aberration resulting from the spherical aberration profiles produced by the deformable mirror was between -0.15 microm and +0.25 microm. The peak contrast sensitivity of this function for the 3 subjects combined occu...
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PMID: 19545813
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vision Research (49)14 2009
Abstract
We analyze theoretically, by means of both computer simulations and laboratory experiments, the limitations of correcting aberrations with ideal customized contact lenses. Four experiments are presented: In the first one, we have analyzed the limitations of a static correction on the dynamic wavefro...
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PMID: 19389418
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vision Research (49)14 2009
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to measure the effect of sustained convergence on the open-loop vergence peak velocity and open-loop vergence amplitude, and to assess the correlation between changes in the phoria and changes in open-loop vergence peak velocity induced by susta...
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PMID: 19389417
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vision Research (49)14 2009
Abstract
Suggestions that peripheral imagery may affect the development of refractive error have led to interest in the variation in refraction and aberration across the visual field. It is shown that, if the optical system of the eye is rotationally symmetric about an optical axis which does...
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PMID: 19426752
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.