Find your PDFs fast.
Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Evolution (3):
Recent article
Evolution
Scientific American (303)5 2010
Abstract
| < More recent | Older article > |
Abstract
Prions are an unusual form of epigenetics: Their stable inheritance and complex phenotypes come about through protein folding rather than nucleic acid-associated changes. With intimate ties to protein homeostasis and a remarkable sensitivity to stress, prions are a robust mechanism that links enviro...
|
PMID: 21030648
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Trends in Genetics (26)10 2010
Abstract
We hereby synthesize these seemingly dissociated functions into one coherent model, and further suggest that cytosine deaminases, particularly AID, might have a broader influence by modulating epigenetic information in somatic or cancer cells, as well as by triggering genetic variation in germ and p...
|
PMID: 20800313
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Herbivory and competition are two of the most common biotic stressors for plants. When occurring simultaneously, responses to one interaction can constrain the induction of responses to the other interaction due to resource limitation and other interactive effects. Thus, to maximize fitness when int...
|
PMID: 20957957
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Reviews: Genetics (11)9 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We studied the endogenous cellulase gene expression levels and reproductive characteristics of alates and primary reproductives at 30, 50, 100, and 400 days after colony foundation in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. As a result, when the numbers of workers reached about 100 (400 days), wood dig...
|
PMID: 20230825
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aim to fill the gap of the past 25 years and overview all of the relevant primary sources about the chemistry of termite defense (126 original papers, see Fig. 1 and online supplementary material) along with related biological aspects, such as the anatomy of defensive glands and their functional...
|
PMID: 20223240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the phylogeny of the genus Oryza using chloroplast DNA sequences. To identify regions containing sufficient variation for elucidating the relationship of closely related species with fine resolution and high reliability, we first compared the complete chloroplast sequences of Oryza sativa...
|
PMID: 20450965
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (344)1 2010
Abstract
We show that the Ciona neurohypophyseal canal is present from the end of neurulation and represents the anteriormost neural tube, and that the future mouth opening is actually derived from the anterior neuropore. The mouth thus forms at the anterior midline transition between neural tube and surface...
|
PMID: 20438724
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We searched the genomes of the deuterostomes by extensive BLAST survey and phylogenetic analyses. The Galr2 and Galr3 share similar genomic structures, and most of them are composed of 2 exons and 1 intron. However, most of Galr1 are composed of 3 extrons and 2 introns. We did not detect the typical...
|
PMID: 20476798
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have characterized SL RNAs from Prionchulus punctatus. Surprisingly, this revealed the presence of a set of SLs that show clear sequence similarity to the SL2 family of spliced leaders, which have previously only been found within the rhabditine group (which includes C. elegans). Expression of on...
|
PMID: 20566669
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
One of the many debated topics in ageing research is whether progeroid syndromes are really accelerated forms of human ageing. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal ageing process and the molecular pathology underlying these rare diseases. Exciting recent findings regarding a seve...
|
PMID: 20651707
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Although sexual antagonism may have played a role in forming some sex chromosome systems, there appears to be little empirical or theoretical justification in assuming that it is the driving force in all cases of sex chromosome evolution. In many species, sex chromosomes have diverged in size and sh...
|
PMID: 20658710
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We found that heart progenitor cells of the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis also generate precursors of the atrial siphon muscles (ASMs). These precursors express Islet and Tbx1/10, evocative of the splanchnic mesoderm that produces the lower jaw muscles and SHF of vertebrates. Evidence is presen...
|
PMID: 20671188
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We focus on the new hemimetabolous paradigm. We highlight how hemimetabolous short-germ or intermediate-germ embryos establish the anterior/posterior (A/P) pattern and the importance of dynamic cell movement during germband formation. In hemimetabolous insects, orthodenticle, encoding a homeodomain-...
|
PMID: 20462751
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Recent genetic and functional analysis of vertebrate limb development begins to reveal how the functions of particular genes and regulatory hierarchies can drastically change over time. The temporal and spatial interplay of the two instructive signalling centres are part of a larger signalling syste...
|
PMID: 20537528
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We investigate the link between phenotypic and demographic responses to environmental change using a new methodology and a long-term (1976-2008) data set from a hibernating mammal (the yellow-bellied marmot) inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat. We demonstrate how earlier emergence from hibernatio...
|
PMID: 20651690
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study two alternative morphologies in the mouth of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus and the formation of teeth-like structures that are associated with bacteriovorous feeding and predatory behaviour on fungi and other worms. These teeth-like denticles represent an evolutionary novelty, which i...
|
PMID: 20592728
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that the ligand Hedgehog, the receptor Patched, and the transcription factor Gli are all expressed in striped patterns before the morphological appearance of segments in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Treatments with small molecules antagonistic to Hedgehog signaling disrupt segment form...
|
PMID: 20647470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We sequenced the 138-mega-base pair genome of V. carteri and compared its approximately 14,500 predicted proteins to those of its unicellular relative Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Despite fundamental differences in organismal complexity and life history, the two species have similar protein-coding pot...
|
PMID: 20616280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We show that two zebrafish proteins, which we name actinodin 1 and 2 (And1 and And2), are essential structural components of elastoidin. The presence of actinodin sequences in several teleost fishes and in the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii, which occupies a basal phylogenetic position), but no...
|
PMID: 20574421
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested this hypothesis by presenting humans' closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), with a dyadic food competition and measuring their salivary testosterone and cortisol levels. Given that chimpanzees and bonobos differ markedly in their food-sharing b...
|
PMID: 20616027
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research (129)1-3 2010
Abstract
This review summarizes older as well as recent data about the model dioecious plant Silene latifolia. This plant has been the subject of more than one hundred years of research efforts and its most conspicuous property is huge and well differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes, XX in females and...
|
PMID: 20551610
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research (129)1-3 2010
Abstract
We reevaluated 5 F(1) hybrids using high-resolution, electron microscopic examination of pachytene chromosome (= synaptonemal complex) spreads to determine whether any minor structural changes had occurred among species in the tomato clade, which were not easily visible using light microscopic analy...
|
PMID: 20551606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology of the Cell (102)7 2010
Abstract
We summarize the role of lipid rafts as players in the overall invasion process used by different pathogens to escape from the host immune system....
|
PMID: 20377525
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (303)1 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Development (137)14 2010
Abstract
We derive gene interaction networks for anterior-posterior (AP) patterning under two developmental paradigms. For patterning during growth (paradigm I), which is appropriate for vertebrates and short germ-band insects, the algorithm creates gene expression patterns reminiscent of Hox gene expression...
|
PMID: 20570938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Ecology (19)13 2010
Abstract
The widespread utilization of molecular markers has revealed that a broad spectrum of taxa contain sets of morphologically cryptic, but genetically distinct lineages (Bickford et al. 2007). The identification of cryptic taxa is important as an accurate appreciation of diversity is crucial for a prop...
|
PMID: 20636894
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discovered GnIH in the quail hypothalamus. GnIH inhibits gonadotrophin synthesis and release in birds through actions on GnRH neurones and gonadotrophs, mediated via GPR147. Subsequently, GnIH orthologues were identified in other vertebrate species from fish to humans. As in birds, mammalian and...
|
PMID: 20456604
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the discovery of a new giant sperm whale from the Middle Miocene of Peru (approximately 12-13 million years ago), Leviathan melvillei, described on the basis of a skull with teeth and mandible. With a 3-m-long head, very large upper and lower teeth (maximum diameter and length of 12 cm and...
|
PMID: 20596020
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We derived a generalization of Hamilton's rule and measured its parameters in Myxococcus xanthus bacteria. Nonadditivity made cooperative sporulation remarkably resistant to exploitation by cheater strains. Selection was driven by higher-order moments of population structure, not relatedness. These...
|
PMID: 20576891
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology Letters (6)3 2010
Abstract
Phylogenetic approaches to inferring ancestral character states are becoming increasingly sophisticated; however, the potential remains for available methods to yield strongly supported but inaccurate ancestral state estimates. The consistency of ancestral states inferred for two or more characters...
|
PMID: 20007166
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology Letters (6)3 2010
Abstract
We have sequenced the SWS1 opsin gene in a broader sample of species. We confirm that cysteine in the key amino acid position 90, characteristic of the UVS class, has been conserved throughout gull evolution but also that the terns Anous minutus, A. tenuirostris and Gygis alba, and the skimmer Rynch...
|
PMID: 20015861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biology Letters (6)3 2010
Abstract
We show strong evidence for a deep oceanic origin of the freshwater eels, based on the phylogenetic analysis of whole mitochondrial genome sequences from 56 species representing all of the 19 anguilliform families. The freshwater eels occupy an apical position within the anguilliforms, forming a hig...
|
PMID: 20053660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that the Turkana Basin, Kenya--today one of the hottest places on Earth--has been continually hot during the past 4 million years. The distribution of (13)C-(18)O bonds in paleosol carbonates indicates that soil temperatures during periods of carbonate formation were typically above 30 degre...
|
PMID: 20534500
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Along the evolutionary path from single cells to multicellular organisms with a central nervous system are species of intermediate complexity that move in ways suggesting high-level coordination, yet have none. Instead, organisms of this type possess many autonomous cells endowed with programs that...
|
PMID: 20534560
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The past few years have seen considerable advances in speciation research, but whether drift or adaptation is more likely to lead to genetic incompatibilities remains unknown. Some of the answers will probably come from not only studying incompatibilities between well-established species, but also f...
|
PMID: 20439283
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
If distinct biological species are to coexist in sympatry, they must be reproductively isolated and must exploit different limiting resources. A two-niche Levene model is analysed, in which habitat preference and survival depend on underlying additive traits. The population genetics of preference an...
|
PMID: 20439284
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review recent research on processes of speciation, based on studies in hybrid zones between collared (Ficedula albicollis) and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). A major advantage of this study system is that questions concerning all three major sources of reproductive isolation and their int...
|
PMID: 20439285
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We entered an era where deciphering the molecular basis of speciation is within reach. Much focus has been devoted to the genetic basis of intrinsic postzygotic isolation in model organisms and several hybrid incompatibility genes have been successfully identified. However, concomitant with the rece...
|
PMID: 20439277
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Current approaches to studying the evolution of biodiversity differ in their treatment of species and higher level diversity patterns. Species are regarded as the fundamental evolutionarily significant units of biodiversity, both in theory and in practice, and extensive theory explains how they orig...
|
PMID: 20439282
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
The development of what became known as the biological species concept began with a paper by Theodosius Dobzhansky in 1935, and was amplified by a mutualistic interaction between Dobzhansky, Alfred Emerson and Ernst Mayr after the second world war. By the 1950s and early 1960s, these authors had dev...
|
PMID: 20439286
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I review patterns of speciation among birds belonging to the continental Eurasian Old World leaf warblers (Phylloscopus and Seicercus). I consider speciation to be a three-stage process (range expansions, barriers to gene flow, reproductive isolation) and ask how ecological factors at each stage hav...
|
PMID: 20439279
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Distinct ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis, each linked to a specific shore microhabitat, form a mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10-30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent...
|
PMID: 20439278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones might be crucial for understanding the molecular basis of complex phenotypes. One reason for this is that epigenetic factors are sometimes malleable and plastic enough to react to cues from the external and internal environments. Such induced epigenetic c...
|
PMID: 20535201
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine community changes in small mammals in northern California during the last 'natural' global warming event at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and show that even though no small mammals in the local community became extinct, species losses and gains, combined with changes in abundance, c...
|
PMID: 20495547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.