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Genes, vpu (0):
Recent article
Genes, vpu
Abstract
We showed that the Vpu protein from HIV-1 subtype C is more efficiently transported to the cell surface than the well studied subtype B Vpu (Pacyniak et al., 2005) and that a SHIV expressing the subtype C Vpu exhibited a decreased rate of CD4+ T cell loss following inoculation in macaques (Hill et a...
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PMID: 18579178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We analyzed sequences of tat, rev, and vpu genes in 55 subgenomic clones previously shown to encode functional env genes from brain and lymphoid tissues of four AIDS patients with HAD. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct compartmentalization of tat, rev, and vpu genes in brain versus lymphoid tiss...
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PMID: 17451348
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results indicate that antiviral drugs that target the conserved functional domains within Vif, Vpr or Vpu could be active against all circulating subtypes, including HIV-1 subtype C....
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PMID: 17331040
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)1 2007
Abstract
We estimated the evolutionary rate, mode of population growth, and age of genetic diversity among 40 BF vpu sequences. This revealed one of the highest substitution rates reported for HIV-1, at 10.793 x 10(-3) substitutions per site per year, and a very rapid rate of population growth, with an initi...
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PMID: 17050594
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the molecular characterization of a new SIV lineage, SIVtal, from wild-caught and captive talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus ogouensis) from Cameroon and U.S. zoos, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analyses of a small fragment in the pol gene indicated that all SIVtal strains clustered together...
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PMID: 16469345
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We showed that the replacement of the TM domain of Vpu with that of the M2 protein of influenza A virus resulted in a virus (SHIV(M2)) that was sensitive to rimantadine [Hout, D.R., Gomez, M.L., Pacyniak, E., Gomez, L.M., Inbody, S.H., Mulcahy, E.R., Culley, N., Pinson, D.M., Powers, M.F., Wong, S.W...
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PMID: 16458946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (80)7 2006
Abstract
We have tested a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids for production of infectious virus. Only those containing human chromosome 2 were permissive, which correlated with capsid production. The effect was specific to HIV in that release of murine leukemia virus was minimally affected by the pres...
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PMID: 16537608
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Biotechnology (31)1 2005
Abstract
We have constructed reading frames for the HIV-1 YU-2 minor proteins Vpr, Vpu, Vif and Nef that are codon-optimized for high-level expression in mammalian cells. We show that, in the absence of the Rev/Rev-response element system, these codon-optimized reading frames result in greatly increased leve...
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PMID: 16118417
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (79)13 2005
Abstract
We report the identification of a new simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), designated SIVden, in a naturally infected Dent's Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti), which was kept as pet in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. SIVden is genetically distinct from the previously char...
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PMID: 15956597
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cancer Research (65)8 2005
Abstract
We analyzed the possibility of developing virotherapy for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Virotherapy is based on the exclusive replication of a virus in leukemic cells, leading to the selective removal of these malignant cells. We constructed a minimized derivative of HIV-1, a complex lentivir...
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PMID: 15833868
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether the codon bias observed in the vpu and vif genes relative to highly expressed human genes contributes to the Rev dependence and low expression level outside the context of the viral genome. The entire vpu gene as well as the 5' half of the vif gene were codon optimized and the re...
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PMID: 15015498
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current HIV Research (2)1 2004
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus has evolved several redundant mechanisms to remove its receptor, the CD4 molecule, from the cell surface. Indeed, HIV-1 encodes three proteins, Nef, Vpu and Env, that have a profound effect on CD4 trafficking and catabolism. Given this functional convergence, it is belie...
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PMID: 15053340
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (77)23 2003
Abstract
We found 2 mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) out of 8 and 47 mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) out of 302 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cross-reactive antibodies. In this report, we describe the full-length genome sequences of two novel SIVs, desi...
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PMID: 14610175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Virus Research (91)2 2003
Abstract
We have sequenced the accessory genes of 7 isolates. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences for Vif, Vpr, Tat, Vpu, and Rev indicate that most of the functional domains of these proteins, as described for group M viruses, are highly conserved and retained among all the group O strains we have...
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PMID: 12573497
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized changes in the pol gene and accessory genes vif, vpr, and vpu of HIV-1 isolated from the plasma of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. From each patient three sequences were obtained and compared with the sequence of HIV-1 from nontreated patients, revealing man...
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PMID: 12402953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (76)16 2002
Abstract
We describe a new simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), designated SIVgsn, naturally infecting greater spot-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) in Cameroon. Together with SIVsyk, SIVgsn represents the second virus isolated from a monkey belonging to the Cercopithecus mitis group of the Cercopithe...
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PMID: 12134035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We summarize new observations mainly about the interactions between auxiliary genes and host cell functions....
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PMID: 11968772
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the ability of two nonpathogenic SHIVs, SHIV(PPC) and DeltavpuDeltanefSHIV(PPC), to gain pathogenicity by rapid serial passage in macaques. In this study, each virus was passaged by blood intravenously four times at 4-week intervals in macaques. Animals were monitored for 40 weeks for le...
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PMID: 12033772
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We isolated 28 HIV-1 strains from Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997, and analyzed them phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analysis based on part of the 5' tat-env (vpu) and env sequences revealed that only 13 (46.4%) of the 28 isolates belonged to the same subtype in the vpu tree as in the env tr...
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PMID: 11804559
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared 162 vpu sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA of 6 infected mother-infant pairs after perinatal transmission, and found a 90.12% frequency of intact vpu open reading frames. The heterogeneity of vpu genes between epidemiological...
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PMID: 11485627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have characterized the vif, vpr, and vpu genes of 15 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomic fragment encompassing these genes revealed subtype C subclusters, suggesting close relatedness with subtype C strains from other geographic locations and excluded isolation of South African strains...
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PMID: 11429118
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (276)19 2001
Abstract
We now report that, by virtue of its affinity for TrCP and resistance to degradation, Vpu, but not a phosphorylation mutant unable to interact with TrCP, has a dominant negative effect on TrCP function. As a consequence, expression of Vpu in HIV-infected T cells or in HeLa cells inhibited TNF-alpha-...
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PMID: 11278695
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu is an integral membrane protein that forms oligomeric structures in membranes. Expression of vpu using Sindbis virus (SV) as a vector leads to permeabilization of plasma membrane to hydrophilic molecules and impaired maturation of wild type SV glyc...
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PMID: 11145902
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the replication of HIV-1 macrophage-tropic CCR5-using strains (R5) in CD4+ T cell lines to better understand the switch in co-receptor use of such strains during disease progression and to assess resulting changes in cell tropism. We found that the majority of R5 strains cannot replicate...
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PMID: 10985248
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared the Vpu sequences from 101 strains of HIV-1 isolated from diverse geographical regions and various subtypes in order to identify regions of high variability, and those amino acid residues that were highly conserved or invariant. In addition to the highly conserved casein kinase II (CKII)...
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PMID: 10933625
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) has been characterized mainly by analysis of the env and gag genes. Information on the vpu genes in the HIV sequence database is very limited. In the present study, the nucleotide sequences of the vpu genes were analyzed, and...
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PMID: 10878027
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether this subtype represents a distinct group, or a mosaic consisting of previously characterized subtypes. The full-length sequences under consideration were recovered from serum samples of "subtype I" obtained from two nonepidemiologically linked HIV-1-infected subjects in Greece. T...
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PMID: 10357470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used flow cytometry to concurrently analyze infection and apoptosis of the CD4(+) CEM T cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Surprisingly, T cells productively infected with HIV-1 IIIB showed less apoptosis than control, uninfected T cells. This relative paucity of apopt...
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PMID: 9878620
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used this strategy to immunize against HIV-1 structural and enzymatic proteins in mice, non-human primates and in humans. In contrast, the use of the accessory genes including vif, vpr, vpu and nef as immunotherapeutic vaccine targets has not been well characterized. Our goal is to design an effe...
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PMID: 9795395
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (72)11 1998
Abstract
We deleted portions of these genes to create two vaccines, DeltavpuDeltanefSHIV-4 (vaccine 1) and DeltavpuSHIVPPc (vaccine 2). Six adult macaques were immunized subcutaneously with vaccine 1, and six were immunized orally with vaccine 2. Both viruses caused infection in all inoculated animals, but w...
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PMID: 9765452
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Medical Primatology (27)2-3 1998
Abstract
We developed a rhesus model of HIV-1 disease in humans. Rhesus macaques infected with a cell-free stock of SHIVKU-2 developed CD4+ T cell loss, primary lentiviral encephalitis and pneumonia, and AIDS. Six of nine rhesus macaques died within eight months post-inoculation, while the remaining three ar...
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PMID: 9747944
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zhonghua Minguo wei sheng wu ji mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology (30)3 1997
Abstract
We propose to diagnose HIV-1 infection and to differentiate the infection of HIV-1 from HIV-2 in these cases by using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to demonstrate the presence of HIV-1 specific vpu gene....
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PMID: 10592819
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously reported a markedly lower viral RNA load in eight long-term asymptomatics (LTAs) compared to seven matched progressors (at 1 year after seroconversion or entry in the study, p < 0.001) (Hogervorst E, et al.: J Infect Dis 1995;171:811-821). Here we extend our study to examine whether a...
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PMID: 9115812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have generated replication-defective HIV type 1 (HIV-1) reporter vectors carrying neomycin phosphotransferase or mouse heat stable antigen, replacing the HIV-1 sequences encoding gp160. These vectors also harbor inactive vpr, vpu, and nef coding regions. Pseudotyped HIV-1 particles carrying eithe...
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PMID: 8986799
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified one HIV-1 isolate (HIV213) which shut down into latency at a rate much slower than most HIV strains, requiring more than 12 weeks for the majority of the cells to become nonproductive. This indicated that genes of the virus influence the rate of shutting down, or alternatively, the len...
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PMID: 8918924
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have constructed a chimeric virus in which the env, rev, tat, and vpu genes of HIV-1 Lai replace the env, rev, and tat genes of the SIVmac239 genome. This virus, SHIVsbg, replicates efficiently in rhesus (Indian and Chinese subspecies) and cynomolgus monkeys with viral loads in PBMC and lymph nod...
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PMID: 8806570
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (70)9 1996
Abstract
We have developed an infectious HIV reporter system which expresses different combinations of these genes. To distinguish infected cells in the early or late stages of infection from uninfected cells, these viruses were designed to express human placental alkaline phosphatase with the kinetics of ei...
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PMID: 8709227
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Specific interactions between the cell surface CD4 receptor and the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 are responsible for the entry of HIV into host cells. Following infection, a down-modulation of CD4 at the cell surface is commonly observed. This may render cells resistant to subsequent infection...
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PMID: 8949388
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the sequence analysis of a third HIV-1-related virus, SIVCPZ-ANT, isolated from a wild captured chimpanzee originating from Zaire. This virus displayed the same genetic organization as HIV-1 and was found to fall on the same lineage as HIV-1 and SIVCPZ-GAB. Protein sequence identity with...
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PMID: 8661445
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (70)5 1996
Abstract
We have examined the replication kinetics and virus-specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys following infection with two chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs). These viruses were composed of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 expressing HIV-1 env and the associated auxiliar...
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PMID: 8627800
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Virology (69)12 1995
Abstract
Proviral DNA from cells surviving severe but transient cytopathic effects, mediated by infection with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carrying a single gene mutation at vif, vpr, or vpu, was characterized by use of HIV-1-specific primer pairs in a two-step PCR. Deletion mutat...
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PMID: 7494257
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (69)11 1995
Abstract
Chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat, rev, env, and, in some cases, vpu genes were inoculated into eight cynomolgus monkeys. Viruses could be consistently recovered from the CD8-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes of a...
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PMID: 7474126
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of General Virology (76 ( Pt 11)) 1995
Abstract
We evaluated the function of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu gene in various cell lines. We established a highly sensitive system consisting of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and reverse transcriptase assays and used it to monitor the effects of mutation of the vpu gene. In some cell line...
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PMID: 7595378
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed a nonisotopic PCR assay in which sequences from the beta-globin gene and from the HIV-1 vpu-env region were coamplified with biotinylated and fluorescein-labeled primers, respectively. Coamplified products were reacted with specific internal digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. Hybrids were...
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PMID: 7786582
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of General Virology (75 ( Pt 9)) 1994
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), with mutations in accessory genes such as vif, vpr or vpu, can generate persistent infection of MT-4 cells, whereas infection by wild-type or nef mutant HIV-1 causes extensive cell death. The possibility of generating...
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PMID: 7521392
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We generated a panel of mutant viruses derived from a molecularly cloned macrophage-tropic HIV-1 primary isolate. Mutant viruses had markedly different patterns of replication in macrophages, in contrast to lymphocytes in which differences were modest. Loss of vpr or vpu reduced viral antigen produc...
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PMID: 8178448
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here the construction and characterization of a panel of 40 single and combination deletion mutants derived from the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239. Deletion of the vpr gene caused little or no change in the growth properties of SIVmac239 in CEMx174 cells, in rhesus monkey peripheral...
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PMID: 7917522
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We constructed a panel of 23 mutants with single and combination deletions in these regions in the wild-type HIV-1 infectious molecular clone NL4-3. Deletion of the vpu, vpr, and nef genes and the U3 upstream sequence (US), individually or in combinations, did not appreciably alter virus replication...
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PMID: 8068414
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Medical Primatology (23)2-3 1994
Abstract
We demonstrated that Vpu expression is not required for efficient virus release from Cos 1 and CV-1 cells. A yeast GAL4 transcriptional activation system was used to screen for cellular proteins that may interact with Vpu. One such protein was identified which we provisionally designate "Vpu interac...
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PMID: 7966229
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (67)11 1993
Abstract
These results suggest that complex interactions of viral auxiliary and nonauxiliary gene functions with the host cell determine the ability to establish chronic virus producers....
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PMID: 8411397
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have now identified and characterized a major influence of vpu upon the growth and host cell range of a cloned recombinant HIV-1. This effect required the presence of a second determinant mapping to the 3' end of the env gene, and was not detected in clones incorporating an env gene derived from...
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PMID: 8317102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (67)3 1993
Abstract
A mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 which carries a frameshift insertion in the integrase/endonuclease region of pol gene was constructed in vitro. Upon transfection into cells, although this mutant exhibited a normal phenotype with respect to expression of gag, pol, and env genes and to...
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PMID: 8437208
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate the role of vpu in the cytopathicity of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1), the MT4 CD4+ T-cell line was infected with viruses that were isogenic except for their ability to produce the vpu protein. The experiments described here demonstrate that expression of vpu reduces HIV-1 cyt...
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PMID: 8094456
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of General Virology (73 ( Pt 11)) 1992
Abstract
Two macaque monkeys were inoculated with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus carrying the tat, rev, vpu and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Infectious virus was recovered from one of the monkeys at 2 and 6 weeks post-infection. The hybrid nature of the isolated virus...
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PMID: 1279105
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (66)8 1992
Abstract
The effect of vpu on the release of human immunodeficiency type 1 capsid proteins was examined in the presence or absence of virus-encoded envelope glycoproteins as well as in cells which constitutively express either the CD4 or CD8 protein. The results show that vpu-mediated facilitated export of c...
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PMID: 1629967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (66)6 1992
Abstract
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and replication in primary monocytes was investigated by mutagenesis of recombinant proviral clones containing an env determinant required for the infectivity of monocytes. Virus replication was assayed by determination of reverse trans...
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PMID: 1533883
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the association of the cytoplasmic gag mRNA with ribosomes. gag mRNA produced in the absence of Rev was excluded from polysomes, while gag mRNA produced in the presence of Rev was associated with polysomes and produced Gag protein. These observations showed that the presence of Rev was r...
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PMID: 1545819
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.