Abstract
To estimate the potential cost effectiveness of a population-wide risk factor reduction programme aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease.
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PMID: 21798967
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed descriptors to aid formative assessment of the appraisal discussion....
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PMID: 21781391
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) single technology appraisal (STA) process was set up as a rapid way to appraise new technologies for use within the NHS in England and Wales and has been in place since 2005.
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PMID: 21561569
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe an engagement activity developed in South Wales to engage young offenders with ethical and social issues surrounding the NDNAD--a Mock Trial--and how we facilitated the presentation of their views to policy makers. We discuss the successes and challenges we encountered with engaging youn...
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PMID: 21657131
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a multi-step, physically based 'probabilistic event attribution' framework showing that it is very likely that global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions substantially increased the risk of flood occurrence in England and Wales in autumn 2000. Using publicly volunteered distributed com...
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PMID: 21331040
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We illustrate the importance of the condition with a series of cases from the South West Paediatric Burns and Neurosurgical Services based in Bristol....
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PMID: 21299681
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Patient safety incidents involving insulin are frequent and cause considerable distress to people with diabetes and anxieties to their families and carers. This article describes an analysis of the National Reporting and Learning System database of patient safety incidents concerning insulin reported...
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PMID: 21404780
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend transfer of severe TBI cases to neurosurgical centres, irrespective of the need for neurosurgery. This observational stu...
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PMID: 21655237
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate associations between air pollution levels and myocardial infarction (MI) on short timescales, with data at an hourly temporal resolution.
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PMID: 21933824
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Residents of a nursing home in Wales benefit from matron Rachel Kemp's dedication to their wellbeing. Her work has been recognised with a national award.
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PMID: 21563537
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The 2011 Census is a once in a decade opportunity to gain an accurate picture of the population. Quality assurance of the census population estimates is vital to ensure data robustness and that users have confidence in the results. This article provides a detailed summary of the methods being used to...
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PMID: 21464828
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In an increasingly complex society there are a number of different population definitions that can be relevant for users, beyond the standard definition used in counting the population. This article describes the enumeration base for the 2011 Census and how alternative population outputs may be produ...
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PMID: 21464830
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A labour force of over 30,000 temporary field staff has been employed to carry out the Census. This article summarises the role of the field staff in collecting census questionnaires from households and communal establishments for the March 2011 enumeration. Building on the lessons learned from the 2...
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PMID: 21464829
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Despite the frequency of Campylobacter as the principal cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the UK, outbreaks attributed to this pathogen are rare. One hundred and fourteen general foodborne outbreaks of campylobacteriosis were reported to the Health Protection Agency from 1992 to 2009 with most o...
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PMID: 20727250
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in participants of a mountain-bike event in Wales (UK) which had been affected by heavy rain. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the cause using an internet-based questionnaire. Fifty-three percent of those contacted responded,...
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PMID: 20587125
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted a prospective 6-month audit of open tibial diaphyseal fracture management in five plastic surgery units (Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Salisbury, Swansea) with a collective catchment of 9.2 million people. Detailed data were collected on patient demographics, injury pattern, surgical manag...
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PMID: 21047449
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We try to analyse the role of the chest X-ray (CXR) as a diagnostic tool in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain.
A retrospective study was performed of the request forms and results of all chest radiography performed on patients admitted on the emergency surgical intake with acute abdomina...
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PMID: 20650038
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Injection site infections in injecting drug users (IDUs) are associated with serious morbidity and healthcare costs. Factors associated with symptoms of these were examined through annual (2006-2008) unlinked-anonymous survey of IDUs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Overall 36% (1863/5209) se...
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PMID: 20163753
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of multiple sources to short-term variations in recreational water quality, as indexed by faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations, is becoming increasingly important with adoption of modern water quality standards and catchment-based water quality management requiremen...
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PMID: 20630556
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the spatial epidemiology of F. hepatica in dairy herds in England and Wales and develop linear regression models to explain observed patterns of exposure at a small spatial unit, the postcode area. Exposure data used for the analysis were taken from an earlier study of F. hepatica inf...
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PMID: 20227416
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Socio-economic deprivation is an important determinant of poor health and is associated with a higher incidence of end-stage renal disease, higher mortality for dialysis patients and lower chance of being listed for transplantation. The influence of deprivation on outcomes following...
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PMID: 20199499
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To describe the admission characteristics and outcomes of children admitted to paediatric intensive care because of acute diabetes complications in England and Wales.
Retrospective review of children admitted to paediatric intensive care in England and Wales between April 2003 and March 2007 with ac...
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PMID: 20546292
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To characterize the prevalence of diabetes in a large health district in 2004 and compare it with a previous estimate made in 1996.
The study population comprised the resident population of Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan. Routine record linkage was used to identify patients from various sources o...
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PMID: 20546286
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We know little about whether this aetiological pathway is shared with other affected cognitive processes in ADHD, such as lower IQs or the generally slower responses (mean RTs). We aimed to address the question of whether a shared set of genes exist that influence RT variability, mean RT, IQ and ADH...
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PMID: 19751540
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The algorithms to predict acute renal failure, moderate/serious myopathy and cataract could be used to identify patients at increased risk of these adverse effects enabling patients to be monitored more closely. Further research is needed to develop a better algorithm to predict liver dysfunction....
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PMID: 20489220
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An outbreak in the autumn of 2005 resulted in 218 confirmed cases of Cryptosporidium hominis. The attack rate (relative risk 4.1, 95%CI 2.8-9.1) was significantly higher in the population supplied by Cwellyn Water Treatment Works (WTW). A case-control study demonstrated a statistically significant a...
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PMID: 20154393
PDF is available here.
Abstract
As part of investigations into the cause of a waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection linked to a mains water supply, surface waters and wastewater treatment plants were tested for Cryptosporidium spp. Oocyst counts in base flow surface water samples ranged from nil to 29 per 10 l....
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PMID: 20154394
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were licensed in the United Kingdom more than 10 years ago based on correlates of protection that had previously been established for serogroup C-containing polysaccharide vaccines by using the serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay. These correlat...
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PMID: 20219881
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conclude that clinical experience within a community-based clinical teaching program can have positive effects on dental students' confidence to perform a wide range of clinical tasks. Further work is needed to identify the benefits of this training on the clinical and professional development of...
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PMID: 20442428
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There is a need to improve the continuity of care for people who are released from prison and for community health, offender and social care agencies to coordinate care for these vulnerable individuals....
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PMID: 19719900
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There are wide differences in toxicity not only between classes of antidepressants, but also within classes. The findings are relevant to prescribing decisions, especially in individuals at risk, and to regulatory policy....
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PMID: 20435959
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Infections continue to make a major contribution to deaths in children, particularly among those with underlying conditions. Identification of the pathogens associated with childhood deaths should help prioritize the development of intervention strategies for reducing pediatric mortality. Linkage of...
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PMID: 20216475
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper reviews the legal rules that govern the way surgeons deal with human tissues during the course of diagnosing and treating their patients. The topic is dominated by the Human Tissue Act 2004, which was enacted in September 2006; thus, the article applies specifically only to England, Wales...
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PMID: 20412669
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The treatment being offered for this common fracture in Wales is inconsistent. There is a need to develop evidence-based best practice guidelines which should standardise the treatment of this common injury. Perhaps, a large multicentre outcome study may enable this to be drawn up in the future....
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PMID: 20223051
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five hundred and eighty-eight recurrent tuberculosis events were identified among 53 214 cases reported between 1998 and 2005, a rate of 4.1 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.5) episodes per 1000 person years of follow-up. Factors independently associated with a greater risk of recurrent tuberculosis were HIV co-inf...
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PMID: 20388755
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five hundred and sixty-one patients provided data on their smoking habits. It was found that 159 (28.3%) were smokers, smoking on average 12 cigarettes per day. The average age of the sample was 46 years and 242 (43.1%) were male. Forty-eight per cent of the sample was shown to be resident in a post...
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PMID: 20353656
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There are approximately 10 million pieces of community equipment delivered to 3.5 million clients every year in England and Wales. The service is key for moving people safely around the whole health and social care system, and is used by almost every clinical professional working in the community. I...
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PMID: 20559161
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The life cycle of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) involves a period of 1 to 3 years in freshwater followed by migration to the sea where the salmon undergoes rapid growth. In preparation for the marine environment, while still in freshwater, the salmon undergo a transformation from a freshwater dw...
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PMID: 19585168
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Because of the relative rarity of childhood cancer many CCNs and CPCNs engage infrequently in the palliative care of children or young people. This makes it difficult for them to develop and maintain knowledge and skills. There is a variation in the out-of-hours service provision available to famili...
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PMID: 20426356
PDF is available here.