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Eugenics (0):
Recent article
Eugenics
Abstract
This article examines the construction of a "population problem" among public health officials in India during the inter-war period. British colonial officials came to focus on India's population through their concern with high Indian infant and maternal mortality rates. They raised...
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PMID: 21961187
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Ugeskrift for laeger (172)15 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Teenage motherhood is routinely discussed in medical and nursing journals as a cause for concern and a social problem. Taking these accounts as a starting point, this paper uses discursive analysis to understand how the teenage mother is produced as an unsuitable mother. Beginning with a 'Public Hea...
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PMID: 20155532
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ugeskrift for laeger (172)1 2010
Abstract
Journal of Psychohistory (37)3 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We understand metahistory as an approach that studies how histories within a particular discipline have been written and focus on insider scientists' reconstructions of twin research. Using the concept of ethical-political affordances we suggest that such histories are based on a management of resou...
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PMID: 20419900
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It took more than 100 years until child and adolescent psychiatry reached its autonomy. Its roots, however, are by far older. Psychiatry and pediatrics can be looked upon as mother disciplines. But there are also other roots outside medicine, comprising pedagogics, philosophy, psychology, law and so...
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PMID: 19739056
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper describes two studies about the determinants of attitudes to pre-implantation genetic screening in a multicultural sample of medical students from the United States. Sample sizes were 292 in study 1 and 1464 in study 2. Attitudes were of an undifferentiated nature, but respondents did mak...
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PMID: 19579681
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revue medicale suisse (5)188 2009
Abstract
Revue medicale suisse (5)187 2009
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Revue medicale suisse (5)186 2009
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Abstract
Medizinhistorisches Journal (44)3-4 2009
Abstract
The founding of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry and its Genealogic-Demographic Department (Genealogisch-Demographische Abteilung; GDA) in 1918 gave the world the first institutional platform for the field of psychiatric genetics. The years between the two World Wars saw the GDA grow in...
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PMID: 20108703
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
During the 1920s and 1930s geneticist L.C. Dunn of Columbia University cautioned Americans against endorsing eugenic policies and called attention to eugenicists' less than rigorous practices. Then, from the mid-1940s to early 1950s he attacked scientific racism and Nazi Rassenhygiene by co-authorin...
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PMID: 19831201
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical History (53)1 2009
Abstract
Abstract
By examining the professional lives of two popularizers of eugenic thought from the 1910s to the 1940s, this study illustrates the broader change from "mainline" to "reform" eugenics in the United States. Roswell Hill Johnson's university teaching, laboratory research, and later marriage counseling...
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PMID: 19244841
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revista de derecho y genoma humano = Law and the human genome review/ Cátedra de Derecho y Genoma Humano/Fundación BBV-Diputación Foral deBizkaia ()30 2009
Abstract
We have witnessed huge steps forwards in reproductive technology. Specifically genetic diagnosis has created a range of possibilities. This carries along benefits for prenatal care as well as carrying along unprecedented ethical dilemmas that demonstrate some more problematic sides of several basic...
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PMID: 19860341
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cuadernos de bioetica : revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica (20)69 2009
Abstract
This article examines the Laws on Human Assisted Reproduction and Biomedical Research in Spain. The Laws permit the use of human ovules, embryos and fetuses. Close to the technical and ethical problems that carry the research on embryonic stem cells, the detection of induced reprogramming of adult c...
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PMID: 19507920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cuadernos de bioetica : revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica (20)68 2009
Abstract
The social eugenics is the real face of the biomedical application of an ideological paradigm, self-styled like "progressive", that claims the radical transformation of the western society from laicist and utilitarians positions. This article tries to decipher the historical roots, the bioethical la...
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PMID: 19507916
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cuadernos de bioetica : revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica (20)69 2009
Abstract
We study in this article the Spanish legislation regulating the juridical status of the human embryo, in a comparative analysis with the International Right and the legislation in other countries of our cultural environment, leading to the conclusión that ours contradicts the international compro...
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PMID: 19507922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Seton Hall law review (40)1 2009
Abstract
médecine/sciences (25)6-7 2009
Abstract
Not only was Sir Francis Galton a famous geographer and statistician, he also invented "eugenics" in 1883. Eugenics, defined as the science of improving racial stock, was developed from a new heredity theory, conceived by Galton himself, and from the evolution theory of Charles Darwin, transposed to...
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PMID: 19602363
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Social psychiatry started over a century ago under the auspices of mental and racial hygiene, but after World War II it embraced concepts of community-based care and de-institutionalization. The major psychiatric reforms in the second half of the last century were mainly based on such concepts, incl...
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PMID: 19085410
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss how a novel can illuminate the moral dimensions of science and healthcare. The critical distance afforded by the novel provides a rich terrain for the examination of issues such as race, care and the purity of science. Despite the recent dominance of social explanations of race, science r...
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PMID: 19046260
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medicine and law (27)4 2008
Abstract
We point out the moral dilemmas which medical personnel, the state and the church had to deal with before they embarked on a program for the treatment and prevention of beta-thalassaemia. After careful study of the program we conclude that, although in the given case it proved a successful model for...
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PMID: 19202859
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Australasian Psychiatry (16)5 2008
Abstract
The term schizophrenia was created by Swiss psychiatrist Eugene Bleuler and first used on 24 April 1908. The condition was first described by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin and called dementia praecox. After a century, it is impossible to think of the practice of psychiatry without schizophrenia...
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PMID: 18781458
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Reviews: Genetics (9)10 2008
Abstract
Genomic medicine offers a growing number of methods to diagnose, cure or prevent disability. Although many disabled people welcome these advances, others have reservations about the impact of genetic knowledge on disabled people's lives, arguing that genetic science might exacerbate the deep ambival...
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PMID: 18762801
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Reports (9)10 2008
Abstract
Abstract
The controversy about to which extend PGD may be applies is particularly interesting because it stresses on a paradoxical point concerning PGD. Although this technique is strictly regulated in most European countries where it is regularly practised, the legal status of PGD may appear to some as unet...
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PMID: 19244944
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
History of Psychiatry (19)74 Pt 2 2008
Abstract
Until the end of the 20th century Forel (1848-1931) was seen as an important neuroanatomist, a fighter against alcoholism, a researcher on ants and the author of Die sexuelle Frage. Forel's racist and eugenic views have been forgotten. Without losing sight of his merits, this article focuses on his...
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PMID: 19127840
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This paper focuses on the relations between a liberal group of sex reformers, consisting of writers and literary critics, and physicians from the Polish Eugenics Society in interwar Poland. It illustrates the paradoxes of the mutual co-operation between these two groups during the 1930s and analyses...
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PMID: 18534348
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
I integrate his ideas about these subjects, and consider the ways in which Ellis and other liberal social reformers created a 'eugenic subject' in order to frame their arguments about social problems....
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PMID: 18534349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This contribution questions the positive/negative eugenics dichotomy that typifies the historiography on the eugenic movement in the Netherlands and the claim that this movement was mostly marginal because only positive eugenics was pursued. From 1938 to 1968 in the Netherlands, after a decade of de...
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PMID: 18534350
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This paper examines the available evidence on one of the most radical ideas in the history of eugenics and utopianism. In the mid-1920s, the zoology professor Ilia Ivanov submitted to the Soviet government a project for hybridizing humans and apes by means of artificial insemination. He received sub...
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PMID: 18534351
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This paper traces the history of artificial insemination by selected donors (AID) as a strategy for positive eugenic improvement. While medical artificial insemination has a longer history, its use as a eugenic strategy was first mooted in late nineteenth-century France. It was then developed as 'sc...
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PMID: 18534352
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
We show that the question of the relative importance of innate characteristics and institutional arrangements in explaining human difference was vehemently contested in Britain during the first half of the nineteenth century. Thus Sir Francis Galton's work of the 1860s should be seen as an intervent...
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PMID: 18534353
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
Current historiography has considered eugenics to be an emanation from state structures or a movement which sought to appeal to the state in order to implement eugenic reform. This paper examines the limitations of that view and argues that it is necessary to expand our horizons to consider particul...
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PMID: 18534354
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This paper starts from a premise relating to the act of fictional writing about eugenics and the way it may be understood as the embodiment and enactment of social imaginaries. It proposes that literature (in the sense of fiction) frequently, if not habitually, expresses the underside of what is exp...
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PMID: 18534355
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
This study focuses on eugenics in Spain, and more specifically on the 'official' eugenics whose platform was the Primeras Jornadas Eugénicas Españolas (First Spanish Eugenic Days, FSED). The aim of this paper is to relate eugenics to 'governmentality' rather than to State politics alone and to 'La...
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PMID: 18534356
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
Against the background of degeneration and the perceived threat to the nation's health and stock, family politics came to constitute an important site for eugenic discourses and interventions. Eugenic regulation of reproductive sexuality and marriage was not only pursued through 'negative' eugenics...
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PMID: 18534357
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
I will examine, first, the ways in which state regulation of reproductive sexuality, and other eugenic measures, became central mechanisms for dealing with cultural and other 'differences' in the Swiss nation. Second, I will analyse the gendered nature of such mechanisms, as well as the preoccupatio...
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PMID: 18534358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (39)2 2008
Abstract
Abstract
We should love existing children unconditionally, so we should unconditionally accept whatever child we get in the natural course of things. If we set conditions on which child we get, we are setting conditions on our love for whatever child we get. Although this objection was prompted by selection...
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PMID: 18447861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Throughout the nineteenth century, German medical, scientific and legal scholars found themselves puzzled and engaged by the diverse forms of human sexuality. Psychiatrists like Richard von Krafft-Ebing who were interested in explaining deviance encountered scientifically trained advocates for emanc...
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PMID: 18539331
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Assumptions about genetic differences in human mental characteristics can be traced in large part to the eugenic movement, ascendant at the turn of the 20th century. MATERIAL: This paper offers historical case studies, of 'innate general cognitive ability' and 'psychiatric genetics', in...
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PMID: 18575381
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Practitioner (U.K.) (252)1705 2008
Abstract
Current Biology (18)5 2008
Abstract
The passing of Seymour Benzer has inspired various retrospectives on his scientific career, and much attention has been paid to his inauguration of single-gene mutant studies of behavior in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Studies of genes and behavior actually go back to the beginnings of gene...
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PMID: 18334190
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We now understand the wrongs of state-driven eugenics, enhancements, at least in liberal societies, will be personal goods, chosen or not chosen in a market for enhancement services. This article argues that both framing assumptions must be rejected, once it is understood that some enhancements--esp...
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PMID: 18561576
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurologia (23)2 2008
Abstract
The nazi government had two outstanding effects on german neurology. On the one hand, many neurologists were harmed due to racial or political reasons. On the other, outstanding neurologists participated in programs of nazi medicine. This reminds us of the perverse role that politics may play in med...
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PMID: 18322834
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gene Therapy (15)5 2008
Abstract
While medical therapies aim at reversing, reducing or eliminating diseases, the goal of enhancements is to improve performance or appearance beyond normal levels. Distinction between the two interventions is not always clear as they often present as a continuum. Gene therapy typically aims at treati...
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PMID: 18283287
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We might worry about the reach of commerce into the realm of selective reproduction. The first concern is that for-profit genetic enhancement, under conditions of economic necessity, would exploit the poor, by coercing them, in effect, to part with reproductive material they would prefer not to sell...
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PMID: 18316456
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It is a decade since the exposure of Project Coast, apartheid South Africa's covert chemical and biological warfare program. In that time, attention has been focused on several aspects of the program, particularly the production of narcotics and poisons for use against anti-apartheid activists and t...
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PMID: 18316125
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FASEB Journal (22)2 2008
Abstract
The Nazi's cornerstone precept of "racial hygiene" gave birth to their policy of "racial cleansing" that led to the murders of millions. It was developed by German physicians and scientists in the late 19th century and is rooted in the period's Social Darwinism that placed blacks at the bottom of th...
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PMID: 18239065
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Issues in Law & Medicine (24)1 2008
Abstract
Many women are unprepared to make prenatal decisions about fetuses diagnosed with Down Syndrome because of societal pressures to have "normal" children, a negative view of persons with disabilities by many in society, a fear of legal liability by those in the medical community, the lack of genuine i...
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PMID: 18771038
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
During the first half of the twentieth century, the presence of leprosy in modern societies provoked various reactions. As ancient prejudices had not disappeared yet, the medical-legal discourse dealt with a problem that exceeded the strictly sanitary framework. From a scientific perspective, this p...
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PMID: 19618536
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lakartidningen (105)21 2008
Abstract