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Small-Area Analysis (0):
Recent article
Small-Area Analysis
Abstract
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Demography (47)4 2010
Abstract
We show that an evacuee's age, family income, and the severity of damage in an evacuee's county of origin are important determinants of whether an evacuee returned during the first year after the storm. Blacks were less likely to return than whites, but this difference is primarily related to the ge...
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PMID: 21308560
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Demography (47)4 2010
Abstract
We examine the residential patterns of households with a mixed-nativity-and, in some cases, interracial-marriage to determine whether they are less segregated from the native-born than entirely foreign-born households. Using restricted-use data from the 2000 census, we find that compared with couple...
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PMID: 21308562
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Annals of Internal Medicine (153)1 2010
Abstract
Adjusted rates of cardiac arrest varied across neighborhoods (interquartile range [IQR], 0.57 to 0.73 per 1000 persons; mean, 0.64 per 1000 persons [SD, 0.11]) but were stable from year to year (intraclass correlation, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.50]; P < 0.001). Adjusted bystander CPR rates also varied...
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PMID: 20516307
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Clinical trial strategy, particularly in developing pharmaceutical products, has recently expanded to a global level in the sense that multiple geographical regions participate in the trial simultaneously under the same study protocol. The possible benefits of this strategy are obvious, at least fro...
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PMID: 20872619
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Social Science and Medicine (70)12 2010
Abstract
We estimate four distinct cross-sectional multivariate regression models to predict health care utilization at the county level and the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level using data from 2007. Our study focuses on health care utilization in the United States using inpatient admissions, outpat...
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PMID: 20385438
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Community dental health (27)2 2010
Abstract
Estimated need in electoral wards varied and correlated positively with increasing socio-economic deprivation. Scheduled demand tended to be lower and unscheduled demand higher in more deprived wards. Estimates of NHS General Dental Service provision indicated marginally higher provision in more dep...
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PMID: 20648882
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the trend, seasonal and geographic effects on tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the fourteen southern provinces of Thailand from 1999 to 2004. Data were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance Report (506), Ministry of Public Health. The joint eff...
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PMID: 20578545
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The regression method produced estimates of the prevalence of chronic disease by race on the county level that had the smallest discrepancies for a large number of counties. CONCLUSION: Regression is the preferable method when applying small-area analysis techniques to obtain county-level prevalence...
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PMID: 20158961
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Demography (47)1 2010
Abstract
We devise a theoretical model based on the key role of social interaction in explaining people's acquisition of preferences, which justifies the existence of a nonmonotonic relationship between female disadvantage in natality and education. The empirical validity of the proposed model is examined fo...
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PMID: 20355693
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present review describes and critically analyzes the main characteristics of deprivation indices (DIs), meant as measures of material and social circumstances at a population level, used to adjust for deprivation in small-area studies of environment and health. A systematic search strategy in th...
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PMID: 20567071
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Public Health Reports (125)5 2010
Abstract
Economies of scale were evident. The amount of CDC core surveillance funding per case reported was significantly associated with the total number of cases in an area and, depending on morbidity, with total population and percentage of that population residing in an urban setting....
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PMID: 20873288
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Variability in cardiovascular drugs is of great interest because of its high population use, its high expenditure and the availability of strong evidence supporting its use. The aim of this study is to describe variation in dispensation, price and pharmaceutical expenditure for 11 subgroups of cardi...
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PMID: 21141266
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
The predicted number of school-age children with a low-intensity infection was 433,268 in Burkina Faso, 872,328 in Mali and 580 286 in the Niger. The number with a high-intensity infection was 416,009, 511,845 and 254,150 in each country, respectively. The 95% CrIs were wide: e.g. the mean number of...
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PMID: 20454483
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Small water enterprises (SWEs) are water delivery operations that predominantly provide water at the community level. SWEs operate beyond the reach of piped water systems, selling water to households throughout the world. Their ubiquity in the developing world and access to vulnerable populations su...
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PMID: 19590128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors used data from the Black Women's Health Study to assess the association between neighborhood urban form and physical activity. Women reported hours/week of utilitarian and exercise walking and of vigorous activity in 1995 and on biennial follow-up questionnaires through 2001. Housing dens...
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PMID: 19808635
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Women with lower levels of formal education were less likely to use contraception than women with higher education [odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.44-0.57]. Women in the middle and low social class groups were less likely to use contraception than women in the higher social class group (OR 0.84, 95%...
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PMID: 19849915
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology (20)3 2009
Abstract
We use the theory of dynamics systems to demonstrate that migratory flows unmonitored by official population registers may lead to major errors in mortality rates and relative risks. Simulations in 4 scenarios showed more than 8% underestimation of the mortality rate and more than 11% underestimatio...
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PMID: 19289967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology (20)2 2009
Abstract
The results highlight the pervasiveness and magnitude of substantial local racial disparities in stroke mortality in the southeast....
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PMID: 19142164
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology (20)2 2009
Abstract
: This study confirms the need to take spatial autocorrelation into account in ecologic studies and shows that failure to do so may lead to biased and unreliable estimates and thus to erroneous conclusions. This may be especially important in studying the role of air pollution on social inequalities...
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PMID: 19142163
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Care (47)2 2009
Abstract
: There are sizeable ethnic differentials in the probability that a death will occur in a hospital in California. These differences are substantially mediated by sociodemographic characteristics of the decedent and local medical care supply. One implication of these findings is that variation exists...
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PMID: 19169113
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The national prevalence of current depression, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and lifetime diagnosis of anxiety is 8.7 %, 15.7 %, and 11.3 %, respectively. There is considerable variability within and across states for all three measures. The most striking within-state difference in current depre...
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PMID: 19214381
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A social gradient according to individual and neighbourhood SES and frequency of assault injuries was observed for adults of all ages. After controlling for age and individual SES, probability of greater risk of assault injury among individuals living in progressively less privileged neighbourhoods...
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PMID: 19263989
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the geographic variability of information generated from different case definitions of childhood asthma derived from administrative health data used in Alberta, Canada. Our objective was to determine if analyses based on different case ascertainment algorithms identify geographic cluster...
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PMID: 20031085
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Health Economics, Policy and Law (4)Pt 1 2009
Abstract
We then evaluate the welfare loss due to varying antibiotic prescription styles. Significant differences are observed in the per capita antibiotic consumption across local areas. Individual income, the demographic structure of the population, physician density and the price of drugs are all relevant...
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PMID: 19099617
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To explore regional differences in the effects of the sick leave frequency determinants between two homogeneous groups of workers from two comparable socio-economic regions in the Netherlands, namely Utrecht and South Limburg.
Data on sick leave frequency for 137 clea...
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PMID: 19887364
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Population Trends ()135 2009
Abstract
In August 2008, estimates of the 'Population by country of birth and nationality' were published for the first time by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from the Annual Population Survey (APS). Tables were published for the calendar year 2004 to 2007. This article provides an analysis of the...
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PMID: 19391440
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Texas medicine (104)12 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Geographical variation in BMI was different and less prominent than in waist circumference and WHR. Abdominal obesity was surprisingly high in western Finland, the area seldom investigated. Mapping obesity gives a useful tool for professionals working in the field of health promotion....
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PMID: 18854358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Geospatial health (3)1 2008
Abstract
We have developed a multivariate hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate posterior rank distributions and we show how to produce league tables of ranks with credibility intervals useful to address the above mentioned inferential problems. Applying the procedure to a real dataset from the report "...
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PMID: 19021111
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Social Science and Medicine (67)10 2008
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that more deprived people tend to live in areas characterised by higher levels of environmental pollution. If generally true, these environmental inequities may combine to cause adverse effects on health and also exacerbate problems of confounding in epidemiological stu...
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PMID: 18786752
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Statistics in Medicine (27)20 2008
Abstract
We selectively reduce the random effects model with an aim towards keeping all fixed effects in order to fairly evaluate the synthetic model. A super-population model is used for the bivariate outcome of erroneous enumeration rate and census omission rate. Both these outcomes were previously estimat...
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PMID: 18384183
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use three methods to define area boundaries and compare the extent of health inequalities across each drawing on data from the London boroughs of Camden and Islington. Irrespective of the boundary definition used, between-area inequalities in obesity, alcohol intake, smoking, walking and self-rat...
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PMID: 18599174
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In conjunction with traditional individual-based approaches, small-area studies offer a valuable addition to the armamentarium of the environmental epidemiologist. Modeling of exposure patterns coupled with collection of individual-level data on subsamples of the population should lead to improved r...
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PMID: 18709174
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Statistics in Medicine (27)17 2008
Abstract
A model-based approach to analyze two incomplete disease surveillance datasets is described. Such data typically consist of case counts, each originating from a specific geographical area. A Bayesian hierarchical model is proposed for estimating the total number of cases with disease while simultane...
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PMID: 18314934
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
For tailoring solution-processable optoelectronic thin films, a rational strategy with amphiphilic molecular design is proposed. A donor-acceptor dyad consisting of an oligothiophene and C60, when modified with a hydrophilic wedge on one side and a paraffinic wedge on the other (1Amphi), forms over...
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PMID: 18558683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Eighty-eight peer groupings were developed with 14-58 counties in each. The average size of each peer grouping was 35 counties. All peer groupings included counties representing at least 6 states. DISCUSSION: Peer groupings are very useful for community health assessment. They convey the range of he...
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PMID: 18558043
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Community Health Status Indicators Project (CHSI) 2008 provides 16-page reports for the 3141 counties in the United States, each of which includes more than 300 county-specific data items related to chronic and infectious diseases, birth characteristics or outcomes, causes of death, environmenta...
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PMID: 18558044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss the conceptualization and implementation of this public health mapping application....
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PMID: 18558046
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conclude that there is little evidence that takeaway food purchasing in Brisbane is influenced by area-level socioeconomic disadvantage or features of the takeaway food environment. Rather, it seems that what matters most in terms of influencing the decision or capacity of Brisbane residents to p...
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PMID: 18237820
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In order to reduce current social inequalities in child oral health the current uniform school-based dental health programme at secondary school level should be developed to a targeted school-based screening and prevention programme....
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PMID: 18661808
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
While infrastructure conditions constitute 'primary routes', contamination of water within households and other behavioural determinants are considered as 'secondary routes'. However, recontaminated water has been considered not to constitute a serious risk though it occurs commonly in poorer societ...
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PMID: 18209291
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the demographic characteristics of orthodontic practice sites in the United States. Demographic data and orthodontic practices were organized by zip codes and analyzed with discriminant analysis. The demographic characteristics associated with zip codes that contained an orthodontic...
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PMID: 18407018
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Statistics in Medicine (27)6 2008
Abstract
We illustrate the use of the hybrid design in the context of a geographical correlation study of lung cancer mortality from the state of Ohio. Focusing on epidemiological applications, we initially provide an overview of the use of ecological studies in scientific research, highlighting the breadth...
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PMID: 17624917
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Health & Place (14)1 2008
Abstract
The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is strongly linked both to deprivation and ethnicity and so prevalence will vary considerably between areas. Variations in prevalence are important in assessing health care needs and how far CHD service provision and surgical intervention rates match need. Th...
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PMID: 17544317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use British census Enumeration Districts as building blocks to construct alternative zonal systems, and experiment to see if neighbourhoods defined in different ways have similar implications for health. The well known modifiable areal unit problem shows that analytical conclusions may differ sub...
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PMID: 18177988
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Within cities, gender-related differences were revealed when deprivation was correlated geographically with mortality rates. These differences were found from an ecological perspective. Further research is needed in order to validate these results from an individual approach. The idea to be analysed...
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PMID: 18192603
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dental caries, especially at the noncavitated stage, is highly prevalent in low-income African-American adults in Detroit. A significant increase in the mean number of missing teeth was observed after the age of 34 years. This study found that different individual, social, and community risk indicat...
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PMID: 18205641
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We find that individual-level factors attenuate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and both CVD and functional status, but not self-rated health. Net of covariates, high neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is significantly associated with reporting poor health. In late life, neigh...
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PMID: 18160194
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated how the effect of widowhood on mortality depends on the neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals in the United States. We developed a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal dataset from Medicare claims and other data sources characterizing 200,000 elderly couples...
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PMID: 18178300
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Public Health Reports (123)2 2008
Abstract
HP 2010 vaccination coverage goals for all 181 counties can be achieved by improving vaccination coverage for only two vaccines. Those goals may be achieved most efficiently by targeting interventions in counties where indices of poverty are high or where access to pediatric services is low....
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PMID: 18457068
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Public Health Reports (123)2 2008
Abstract
Surveillance of the childhood obesity epidemic at the local level is limited. Findings describe the extent of disparities in childhood overweight and obesity within one city and how local-level data can shape new initiatives for improved health, one community at a time....
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PMID: 18457064
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Health Policy (85)1 2008
Abstract
Findings from multi-level models indicate that gender, socioeconomic status, adequate knowledge about the policy, subjective premium contribution, subjective co-payment rates, and need are significantly associated with enrollment. We further find that the sustainability of the NCMS program is only s...
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PMID: 17644212
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Populations eligible for public health programs are often narrowly defined and, therefore, difficult to describe quantitatively, particularly at the local level, because of lack of data. This information, however, is vital for program planning and evaluation. We demonstrate the application of a stat...
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PMID: 18081999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Findings indicate a breastfeeding initiation rate of 60% immediately after birth, and a further 37% within 1 hour of birth. Timing of breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour was associated with maternal education; ethnicity; wealth ranking; access to media such as newspapers, radio or TV; and health-...
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PMID: 19369824
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted a feasibility study in one zip code (02111; Chinatown, Boston, MA, USA) in which four large buildings (20-30 stories) were built between 1999 and 2004 and adjacent to which a major highway construction project was in progress. Information about major construction project start and end d...
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PMID: 18557599
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
As in many other countries, the Swedish legislation on compulsory psychiatric care has been revised several times during the last four decades. Great regional differences within the country in the use of compulsory psychiatric care have been reported. The aims of this study were to describe the deve...
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PMID: 18191453
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Geographical indicators of mortality provide one of the most important means of assessing the health of populations and are particularly effective in identifying inequalities in health. Geographical mortality indicators have regularly been produced by the Office for National Statistics, but not norm...
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PMID: 19093638
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Factor analysis on the four candidate variables yielded a robust one-factor solution explaining 75% variance with factor loadings ranging from 0.83 to 0.89. Rural and remote areas had higher median values and a greater scatter of clinical peripherality indices among their practices than an urban com...
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PMID: 18221533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.