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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Probability (7):
Recent article
Probability
Abstract
We propose an alternative approach based on omnibus tests of equality of means and variances and in subject-by-subject analyses (where applicable), and we show that these tests have adequate Type I error rates and power. The approach is illustrated with a re-analysis of published data from a signal...
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PMID: 22059346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
The WHO's FRAX was developed to identify persons at high risk of bone fracture requiring medical intervention by calculation of individual 10-year probability(%) of fracture based on hip bone mineral density(BMD) and 11 clinical risk factors, or 11 clinical risk factors alone. FRAX has been incorpora...
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PMID: 21774364
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science & Justice (51)2 2011
Abstract
We re-iterate those principles and then discuss several extracts from the judgment that may be potentially harmful to the future of forensic science. A position statement with regard to evidence evaluation, signed by many forensic scientists, statisticians and lawyers, has appeared in this journal [...
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PMID: 21605824
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Global change issues are complex and the consequences of decisions are often highly uncertain. The large spatial and temporal scales and stakes involved make it important to take account of present and potential consequences in decision-making. Standard approaches to decision-making under uncertainty...
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PMID: 21616553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytopathology (101)6 2011
Abstract
We focus on sampling with the aim of detecting an invasive pathogen. To that end, we introduce the concept of optimized spatial sampling, using spatial simulated annealing, to plant pathology. It has been mathematically proven (15) that this optimization method converges to the optimum allocation of...
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PMID: 21561315
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Xenobiotica (41)5 2011
Abstract
We have addressed this limitation by adopting quantitative mass spectrometric approaches to identify proteins that enrich in a purified fraction of organelles relative to a crude or contaminating fraction. The methods for the analyses of the yeast peroxisome are described in detail; however, these c...
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PMID: 18370030
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors evaluated published evidence from controlled clinical trials regarding the efficacy of two local anesthetic solutions in providing successful pulpal anesthesia.
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PMID: 21531931
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report pattern formation using a slippery ballistic deposition (SBD) model where growth germinates from a single site or from sites distributed periodically on a lattice. By changing the sticking probability p_{s} and choosing systems with different lattice constants and symmetries, we demonstrat...
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PMID: 21728544
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the relation between structure and self-diffusion in various phases of a model liquid crystal using the Gay-Berne-Kihara potential. These molecules are confined to a mesoscopic slit pore with atomically smooth substrate surfaces. As reported recently [seeM. G. Mazza et al., Phys. Rev....
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PMID: 21728553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We describe how to combine the continuous toxicity monitoring methodology with the Simon 2-Stage design for response. Then we investigate through simulation the combined procedure's type I and type II error rates under various combinations of design parameters. We include the underlying relationship...
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PMID: 21256247
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied 2,472 consecutive patients initially hospitalized in our institution from April 2004 to December 2009. Risk scores were calculated for each patient using 4 risk score models, including the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry regression m...
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PMID: 21600539
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results show that although the incidence of back pain was high in both randomized groups, women randomized to zoledronic acid experienced, on average, 18 fewer days of back pain compared with placebo over the course of the trial (p = .0092). The back pain among women randomized to zoledronic...
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PMID: 21542001
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To assess the impact of the rate of spontaneous resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction on the relative cost-effectiveness of deferred nasolacrimal duct probing in a surgical facility (DFPS) compared with an immediate office-based probing surgery (IOPS).
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PMID: 21555614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our systematic study reveals that nano-confinement is affected both by pore radius and length and that the conformations of the polymer chains strongly depend on their grafting position along the nanopore and on quality of solvent. In poor solvent, polymer chains can collapse to the walls, form a co...
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PMID: 21524134
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The use of covariates is commonly believed to reduce the unexplained error variance and the standard error for the comparison of treatment means, but the reduction in the standard error is neither guaranteed nor uniform over different sample sizes. The covariate mean differences between the treatment...
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PMID: 21492135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Parameters of the two-parameter logistic model are generally estimated via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm by the maximum-likelihood (ML) method. In so doing, it is beneficial to estimate the common prior distribution of the latent ability from data. Full non-parametric ML (FNPML) estimat...
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PMID: 21492136
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose several novel algorithms to reconstruct the growth history of a present-day network. Our likelihood-based method finds a probable previous state of the graph by applying an assumed growth model backwards in time. This approach retains node identities so that the history of individual node...
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PMID: 21533211
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The stratification score for a case-control study is the probability of disease modeled as a function of potential confounders. The authors show that the stratification score is a retrospective balancing score and thus plays a similar role in case-control studies as the propensity score plays in pros...
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PMID: 21402731
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this issue of the Journal, Snowden et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(7):731-738) give a didactic explanation of G-computation as an approach for estimating the causal effect of a point exposure. The authors of the present commentary reinforce the idea that their use of G-computation is equivalent t...
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PMID: 21415028
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peginterferon alfa and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) in three specific patient subgroups affected by recent licence changes: those eligible for shortened treatment courses [i.e. those with low viral load (...
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PMID: 21473834
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Physics (38)4 2011
Abstract
PRESAGE is a dosimeter made of polyurethane, which is suitable for 3D dosimetry in modern radiation treatment techniques. Since an ideal dosimeter is radiologically water equivalent, the authors investigated water equivalency and the radiological properties of three different PRESAGE formulations tha...
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PMID: 21626961
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This investigation provides a simple quantitative and graphical tool that can aid in determining the probability that a person has become dehydrated when serial measures of P(osm), U(sg), or B(m) are made....
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PMID: 21428854
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Whole polished rice grains were ground using cryogenic and hammer milling to understand the mechanisms of degradation of starch granule structure, whole (branched) molecular structure, and individual branches of the molecules during particle size reduction (grinding). Hammer milling caused greater de...
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PMID: 21384921
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychiatry Research (189)1 2011
Abstract
Past literature suggests that mental health literacy among the general public is lamentably poor. The study aimed to examine the effect of demographics, knowledge of psychology and psychiatry, and experience of mental illness as predictors for understanding and recognising personality disorders from...
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PMID: 21440310
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Phytopathology (101)6 2011
Abstract
We discuss a new framework that has the subjective probability of disease and the cost of decision errors as its central features, which might allow a better integration of social science and epidemiology, to the benefit of plant disease management. By focusing on the probability and cost (or impact...
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PMID: 21405993
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Extend findings with young children by examining the strength of association of activity level, parent mental distress, and parental involvement and monitoring with fifth graders' unintentional injuries.
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PMID: 21376875
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The increase in the number of tourists for many destinations and their increased mobility within host countries or regions has implied a rise in tourism-associated externalities, with vehicle crashes as the most common cause of injury for tourists. Within the transport literature, the number and vari...
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PMID: 21376854
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Train derailments are important safety concerns, and they become increasingly so when dangerous goods (DG) are involved. One way to reduce the risk of DG derailments is through effective DG railway car placement along the train consist. This paper investigates the relationship between DG railway car...
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PMID: 21376846
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I crashes occur at intersections with two-way bicycle tracks, well marked, and reddish coloured bicycle crossings. Type I crashes are negatively related to the presence of raised bicycle crossings (e.g. on a speed hump) and other speed reducing measures. The accident probability is also decreased at...
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PMID: 21376876
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study uses econometric models to measure the effect of significant wave height and wind strength on the probability of casualty and tests whether these effects changed. While both effects are in particular relevant for stability and strength calculations of vessels, it is also helpful for the de...
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PMID: 21376925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate DNA breathing dynamics by suggesting and examining several Brownian functionals associated with bubble lifetime and reactivity. Bubble dynamics is described as an overdamped random walk in the number of broken base pairs. The walk takes place on the Poland-Scheraga free-energy landsca...
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PMID: 21517523
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We consider control of reaction and population systems by imposing transitions between states with different numbers of particles or individuals. The transitions take place at predetermined instants of time. Even where they are significantly less frequent than spontaneous transitions, they can expon...
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PMID: 21517535
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate a driven two-channel system where particles on different lanes mutually obstruct each other's motion, extending an earlier model by Popkov and Peschel [Phys. Rev. E 64, 026126 (2001)]. This obstruction may occur in biological contexts due to steric hinderance where motor proteins carr...
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PMID: 21517539
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an analytical approach for calculating the transition point in general adaptive network models. Using the example of an adaptive voter model, we demonstrate that the proposed approach yields good agreement with numerical results....
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PMID: 21517549
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The modification of the glass transition in confined domains, particularly the length scales associated with cooperative motion, remains a mystery. Hard-sphere suspensions are confined between two surfaces to progressively smaller dimensions to probe the confinement effect on the gro...
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PMID: 21517446
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of the majority-rule opinion formation model when voters experience differential latencies. With this extension, voters that just adopted an opinion go into a latent state during which they are excluded from the opinion formation process. The duration of the latent state...
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PMID: 21517463
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that a stochastic process of halving followed by addition can yield a stationary distribution that resembles the universal lognormal distribution with a certain width. The mechanism that we propose here would provide insight into the essence of why lognormal-like distributions in many system...
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PMID: 21517465
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an algorithm for finding the probabilities of rare events in nonequilibrium processes. The algorithm consists of evolving the system with a modified dynamics for which the required event occurs more frequently. By keeping track of the relative weight of phase-space trajectories generated...
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PMID: 21517466
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a mechanism to rectify charge transport in the semiclassical Holstein model. It is shown that localized initial conditions associated with a polaron solution, in conjunction with static electron on-site potential not having inversion symmetry, constitute minimal prerequisites for the emer...
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PMID: 21517468
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We consider the well-known Galton-Watson branching process describing simple replicative systems. The shape of the resulting distribution, about which little has been known, is found essentially indistinguishable from the Weibull form in a wide range of the branching parameter; this can be seen from...
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PMID: 21517470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determine how the critical density depends on the form of the initial perturbation. Specifically, we employ a renormalization-group improved perturbative method to analyze the model equations and show analytically, up to first order in the perturbation parameter, how the critical density is modif...
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PMID: 21517474
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study self-avoiding random walks in an environment where sites are excluded randomly, in two and three dimensions. For a single polymer chain, we study the statistics of the time averaged monomer density and show that these are well described by multifractal statistics. This is true even far from...
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PMID: 21517516
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study a lattice model of two species competing for the same resources. Monte Carlo simulations for d=1,2, and 3 show that when resources are easily available both species coexist. However, when the supply of resources is on an intermediate level, the species with slower metabolism becomes extinct...
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PMID: 21517522
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated that statistical item analysis with the Rasch model could provide valuable information related to test reliability, item difficulty and examinee ability, which could be applied to further item modification and future test development of clinical curriculums for medical students....
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PMID: 21421207
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Altered fractionated concomitant chemoradiotherapy (AF-CRT) leads to the highest probability of survival in nonmetastatic HNC. The probability that AF-CRT is the best treatment is 94% with random-effects models. There was no relevant inconsistency. When only the most recent trials were selected, AF-...
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PMID: 21330105
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To estimate the expected incremental lifetime cost of treatment of keratoconus compared to the expected cost of the treatment of myopia.
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PMID: 21310384
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide a rigorous proof of the main results of the previous paper and extend the method to nonlinear multi-compartment systems. A novel concept of compartment expansion is introduced to facilitate the development of our method. This formulation resolves computational difficulties associated with...
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PMID: 21165682
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the project was to compare different screening rules and/or referral cut-offs for the identification of children with disorders of short stature. We undertook an update of a previous systematic review and economic model that addressed the same question.
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PMID: 21356163
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Journal of Australia (194)2 2011
Abstract
To report the latest conditional survival estimates for patients with cancer in Queensland, Australia.
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PMID: 21241220
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study evaluated the risk of failure for an endodontically treated premolar with MOD preparation and three CEREC ceramic restoration configurations.
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PMID: 21227485
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychiatry Research (189)1 2011
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether men and women with depression differ in socio-demographic, treatment-related characteristics, and in their responses to treatment with antidepressants, as well as to explore differences in treatment outcomes by menopausal status. From a nationwide sample of 18 ho...
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PMID: 21216471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A choice between probability (100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 0%) and valuable reward were investigated in adult. In behavioral experiments, adult subjects put in a situation of a choice between greater, but risky prize and smaller, but received always, made the decision according to situational factors and spe...
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PMID: 21861384
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The stochastic modeling technique serves as a way to correctly separate "return rate" of marked animals into survival rate (phi) and capture probability (p). The method can readily be used with the program MARK freely distributed through Internet (Cooch, White, 2009). Input data for the program consi...
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PMID: 21786660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It is anticipated that extreme population events, such as extinctions and outbreaks, will become more frequent as a consequence of climate change. To evaluate the increased probability of such events, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved. Variation between individuals in their response...
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PMID: 21304605
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We probed this account using an S1/S2 temporal discrimination paradigm. Participants were presented with a stimulus (S1) followed by a brief delay and then a second stimulus (S2) and indicated whether S2 was shorter or longer in duration than S1. We manipulated participants' emotions by presenting a...
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PMID: 21799749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.