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Models, Biological (5):
Recent article
Models, Biological
Biomaterials (32)32 2011
Abstract
We have developed a size-controllable spheroidal hepatosphere and heterosphere model by mono-culturing of primary hepatocytes and by co-culturing primary hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We demonstrated that uniform-sized heterospheres, which self-aggregated from primary hepatocytes an...
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PMID: 21813175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We show that implanted vascular networks anastomose with host vessels through a previously unidentified process of "wrapping and tapping" between the engrafted endothelial cells (ECs) and the host vasculature. At the host-implant interface, implanted ECs first wrap around nearby host vessels and the...
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PMID: 21835951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a synthetic genetic circuit that couples cell density and motility. This system enabled programmed Escherichia coli cells to form periodic stripes of high and low cell densities sequentially and autonomously. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the spatial structure arises...
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PMID: 21998392
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
In the last decade, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have increasingly been developed to explain the kinetics of environmental pollutants in wildlife. For marine mammals specifically, these models provide a new, non-destructive tool that enables the integration of biomonitoring act...
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PMID: 21851832
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
To elucidate the biosynthetic pathways for all proteinogenic amino acids in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, this study combines results obtained by in silico genome analysis and by (13)C-NMR-based isotopologue profiling to provide a panoramic view on a substantial section of bacterial metaboli...
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PMID: 21853248
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide an overview of Drosophila lens development, discussing intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling lens cell specification and differentiation. We then summarize key morphological and molecular events in vertebrate lens development, emphasizing regulatory factors and networks strongly ass...
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PMID: 21877135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Metabolic alkalosis is a unique acid-base disorder because it can be induced and sustained by functional alterations in renal ion transport. This review summarizes more than 50 years of research into the pathophysiologic processes causing this disorder. The evidence reviewed supports the hypothesis t...
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PMID: 21849227
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1812)10 2011
Abstract
We will discuss several well-accepted signaling pathways toward calcium-mediated mechanisms of cystic expansion. The second messenger calcium ion has contributed to a vast diversity of signal transduction pathways. We will dissect calcium signaling as a possible mechanism that contributes to renal c...
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PMID: 20932898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1812)10 2011
Abstract
We will discuss several well-accepted signaling pathways toward calcium-mediated mechanisms of cystic expansion. The second messenger calcium ion has contributed to a vast diversity of signal transduction pathways. We will dissect calcium signaling as a possible mechanism that contributes to renal c...
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PMID: 20932898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of RanBP1 by Plk1 as well as the importance of phosphorylation of RanBP1 in the interaction between Plk1 and Ran during early mitosis. Both phosphorylation-defective and N-terminal deletion mutant constructs of RanBP1 disrupted the interaction wit...
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PMID: 21813642
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that GABA(B)R is predominantly expressed by osteoblasts to negatively regulate osteoblastogenesis through down-regulation of BMP2 expression toward disturbance of osteoclastogenesis after down-regulation of RANKL expression in mouse bone....
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PMID: 21828041
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
New England Journal of Medicine (365)13 2011
Abstract
We analyzed the changes in FEV(1) after administration of a bronchodilator over a 3-year period in 2163 patients. A random-coefficient model was used to evaluate possible predictors of both FEV(1) levels and their changes over time.
The mean (±SE) rate of change in FEV(1) was a decl...
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PMID: 21991892
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science Signaling (4)192 2011
Abstract
We used mathematical modeling and quantitative in vivo experiments to define the contributions of individual components of the G₁-S network downstream of Hog1 to this stress-induced delay in the cell cycle. The length of the arrest depended on the degree of stress and the temporal proximity of the...
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PMID: 21954289
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Compared with the observed intakes, fulfilling the whole set of nutrient constraints systematically decreased total fats and increased total carbohydrates, even in the absence of specific constraints on those macronutrients. For whichever model used, a strong consistency was observed in the dietary...
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PMID: 21900460
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the subnanometre structures of Cascade before and after binding to a target sequence. These structures reveal a sea-horse-shaped architecture in which the crRNA is displayed along a helical arrangement of protein subunits that protect the crRNA from degra...
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PMID: 21938068
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that replisomes bypass large roadblocks on the lagging strand template much more readily than on the leading strand template. Our results indicate that CMG is a 3' to 5' ssDNA translocase, consistent with unwinding via "steric exclusion." Given that MCM2-7 encircles dsDNA in G1, the data im...
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PMID: 21925316
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Cell (43)6 2011
Abstract
RNA molecules play diverse functional roles in natural biological systems. There has been growing interest in designing synthetic RNA counterparts for programming biological function. The design of synthetic RNA molecules that exhibit diverse activities, including sensing, regulatory...
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PMID: 21925380
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have compiled published data to show that, in spite of their primitive life-style, jellyfishes exhibit similar instantaneous prey clearance and respiration rates as their fish competitors and similar potential for growth and reproduction. To achieve this production, they have evolved large, water...
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PMID: 21921197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
PVAT (perivascular adipose tissue) has recently been recognized as a novel factor in vascular biology, with implications in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Composed mainly of adipocytes, PVAT releases a wide range of biologically active molecules that modulate vascular smooth muscle ce...
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PMID: 21910690
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized an E-box motif (RBE1) within the core promoter that was previously implicated in both transcriptional activation and repression. We show that RBE1 is a binding site for the RBF-2 transcription factor complex (USF1, USF2, and TFII-I), previously shown to bind an upstream viral elemen...
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PMID: 21813151
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that 84% of the 147 grassland plant species studied in 17 biodiversity experiments promoted ecosystem functioning at least once. Different species promoted ecosystem functioning during different years, at different places, for different functions and under different environmental change scen...
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PMID: 21832994
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used hierarchical Bayesian modeling of mate compatibility experiments to show that body size divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus complex contributes to reproductive isolation in at least three ways: males preferably court females that are more similar in size, females reject male...
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PMID: 21828989
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The relationship between species abundance, the variance of the number of individuals, and species occupancy is a fundamental ecological characteristic of a community. Moreover, this relationship varies across scales, and any model for the variance-occupancy-abundance (VOA) relationship has to addres...
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PMID: 21828994
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review recent studies in nematodes, Drosophila and vertebrate systems that begin to shed light on how versatility in Notch signaling output is generated, how signal strength is modulated, and how cross-talk between the Notch pathway and other intracellular signaling systems, such as the Wnt, hypo...
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PMID: 21828089
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine the distribution, interactions and functions of the maternal planar cell polarity core protein Vangl2 and the apical-basal complex component aPKC. We show that Vangl2 is distributed in animally enriched islands in the subcortical cytoplasm in full-grown oocytes, where it interacts with a...
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PMID: 21813572
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that a mouse null mutation of Sema6d results in ectopic placement of the shafts of proprioceptive axons and their associated oligodendrocytes in the superficial dorsal horn, disrupting its synaptic organization. Anatomical and electrophysiological analyses show that proper axon positioning d...
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PMID: 21831918
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated that changes in cell morphology are a key factor. Morphological manipulation of single cells without cell-cell contact resulted in flat spread or round compact cells with nuclear or cytoplasmic Yap, respectively. Stress fibers increased in response to expanded cell areas, and F-actin...
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PMID: 21831922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report that one of the spectraplakin isoforms, VAB-10B1, plays an essential role in cell and nuclear migration of DTCs by regulating the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. In the vab-10(tk27) mutant, which lacks VAB-10B1, alignment of filamentous (F)-actin and MTs was weakly and severely di...
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PMID: 21831923
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that the epiblast-specific deletion of the gene encoding the BMP type 1 receptor (Acvr1) compromised development of nodal cilia, which results in defects in leftward fluid flow and, thus, abnormalities in left-right patterning. Acvr1 deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted...
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PMID: 21831921
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in 15 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification 2 or 3) undergoing living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Fentanyl was continuously infused at the rate of 200-400 µg/h throughout the operation. The time cour...
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PMID: 21814196
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss existing current knowledge on the physiological changes that occur with age and the way these changes affect the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of anesthetic agents. Also, an overview of up-to-date PK-PD modeling concepts and their usefulness and limitations in modern anesthesiologic pract...
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PMID: 21925401
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We attempt to investigate the interaction of metformin, PR and IGF-II expression, and identify whether metformin can enhance the antitumor effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) using Ishikawa and HEC-1B EC cell lines. We found that both IGF-I and IGF-II inhibit PR A/B mRNA and protein expressi...
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PMID: 21168492
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Sports Biomechanics (10)3 2011
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cable force and linear hammer speed in the hammer throw and to identify how the magnitude and direction of the cable force affects the fluctuations in linear hammer speed. Five male (height: 1.88 +/- 0.06 m; body mass: 106.23 +...
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PMID: 21936287
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Sports Biomechanics (10)3 2011
Abstract
Many sport and exercise activities require powerful movements of the upper body. Despite their importance, there is a paucity of research examining stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activities occurring in the upper limbs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fatigue on throwing perfor...
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PMID: 21936288
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Sports Biomechanics (10)3 2011
Abstract
Tkachev on uneven bars is a release and re-grasp skill performed using variations of preparatory longswing techniques; the reasons why different techniques are chosen remains unclear. This study examined kinematic and key release parameters specific to three distinct techniques with the aim of unders...
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PMID: 21936286
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We concluded that ANG II stimulates directly and indirectly (via sympathostimulator pathway) the MMP-2 expression but seems unable to affect MMP-9 expression through direct pathway. Combined inhibition of SNS and ANG II were more efficient than a single inhibition in reducing MMP amounts in rat vess...
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PMID: 21952436
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have examined possible roles of these genes in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis through inactivation of their respective orthologs in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155, phenotypic characterization of the mutant strains via metabolic labeling with [U-(14)C]-glucose, cell-free reactions with UDP...
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PMID: 21952433
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Functional changes in the septal GABAergic system of animals with a model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Abstract
We studied the influences on GABAergic receptors in septal slices from the brain of epileptic guinea pigs compared to a control. In the epileptic brain, the overall increase in the mean frequency of neuronal discharges and the rise in the number of bursting neurons were revealed. The inhibitory acti...
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PMID: 21952441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1813)9 2011
Abstract
We briefly summarize the principles of nucleocytoplasmic transport, and then describe the diverse strategies used by viruses to deliver their genomes into the host nucleus. Some of the emerging mechanisms include: (1) nuclear entry during mitosis, when the nuclear envelope is disassembled, (2) viral...
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PMID: 21167871
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1813)9 2011
Abstract
We briefly cover the composition of the MAPK cascades, as well as their physiological and pathological functions. We describe, in more detail, many of the important nuclear activities of the MAPK cascades, and we elaborate on the mechanisms of ERK1/2 translocation into the nucleus, including the ide...
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PMID: 21167873
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can assist in the development of drug therapies and regimens suitable for challenging patient populations such as very young children. This study describes a strategy employing PBPK models to investigate the intravenous use of th...
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PMID: 21827216
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the biological activities of quercetin against gastric cancer. Our studies demonstrated that exposure of gastric cancer cells AGS and MKN28 to quercetin resulted in pronounced pro-apoptotic effect through activating the mitochondria pathway. Meanwhile, treatment with quercetin induced ap...
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PMID: 21610320
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Systems Biology, IET (5)5 2011
Abstract
Qualitative models allow understanding the relation between the structure and the dynamics of gene regulatory networks. The dynamical properties of these models can be automatically analysed by means of formal verification methods, like model checking. This facilitates the model-vali...
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PMID: 22010757
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We estimated the effective propagation number, which reflects the relative importance of contrasting within-host control mechanisms through time and is sensitive to the inoculating parasite dose. Our analysis showed that the capacity of innate responses to restrict initial parasite growth saturates...
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PMID: 21852493
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Epidemic theory predicts that the vaccination threshold required to interrupt local transmission of an immunizing infection like measles depends only on the basic reproductive number and hence transmission rates. When the search for optimal strategies is expanded to incorporate economic constraints,...
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PMID: 21825129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We put forward the hypothesis that the growing actin network is a critically self-organized system, in which long-range mechanical stresses arising from the interaction with the plasma membrane provide the selective pressure leading to organization. We show that a simple model based only on this pri...
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PMID: 21825142
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discovered that intimate physical interaction of the important model fungus Aspergillus nidulans with the soil-dwelling bacterium Streptomyces rapamycinicus specifically activated silent fungal secondary metabolism genes, resulting in the production of the archetypal polyketide orsellinic acid an...
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PMID: 21825172
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed an in vitro "tug of war" to characterize the stepping dynamics of single quantum-dot-labeled myoV and myoVI motors linked to a common cargo. MyoV dominates its myoVI partner 79% of the time. Regardless of which motor wins, its stepping rate slows due to the resistive load of the losing...
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PMID: 21808051
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show here that DNA binding to the DNA-gate of gyrase and wrapping of DNA around the C-terminal domains of GyrA induces a narrowing of the N-gate. This half-closed state prepares capture of a T-segment in the upper cavity of gyrase. Subsequent N-gate closure upon binding of ATP then poises the rea...
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PMID: 21817063
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that symbiosis-induced calcium changes occur in both the nucleoplasm and the perinuclear cytoplasm and seem to originate from the nuclear membranes. Reaction diffusion simulations suggest that spike generation within the nucleoplasm is not possible through transmission of a calcium wave from...
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PMID: 21825141
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Cancer (105)5 2011
Abstract
Therapeutic options for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. There is emerging evidence that the growth of cancer cells may be altered by very low levels of electromagnetic fields modulated at specific frequencies.
A single-group, open-la...
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PMID: 21829195
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that the polar cortex makes cytokinesis inherently unstable. We show that limited asymmetric polar contractions occur during cytokinesis, and that perturbing the polar cortex leads to cell shape oscillations, resulting in furrow displacement and aneuploidy. A theoretical model based o...
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PMID: 21822289
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Cell (21)2 2011
Abstract
We show that selective autophagy downregulates Ty1 transposition by eliminating Ty1 VLPs from the cytoplasm under nutrient-limited conditions. Ty1 VLPs are targeted to autophagosomes by an interaction with Atg19. We propose that selective autophagy safeguards genome integrity against excessive inser...
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PMID: 21839922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
At first sight, the nervous and vascular systems seem to share little in common. However, neural and vascular cells not only are anatomically closely tied to each other, but they also utilize and respond to similar classes of signals to establish correct connectivity and wiring of their networks. Rec...
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PMID: 21835339
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results identify the MinD-dependent conformational changes in MinE that convert it from a latent to an active form and lead to a model of how MinE persists at the MinD-membrane surface. PAPERFLICK:...
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PMID: 21816275
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We summarize current understanding of the composition and regulation of the Hippo pathway, and discuss how cell polarity and cell adhesion proteins inform the role of this pathway in organ size control and regeneration....
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PMID: 21808241
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.