Abstract
The molecular biological techniques for plasmid-based assembly and cloning of gene open reading frames are essential for elucidating the function of the proteins encoded by the genes. High-throughput integrated robotic molecular biology platforms that have the capacity to rapidly clo...
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PMID: 21764025
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Molecular reductionism has failed to deliver the broad-based therapeutic insights that were initially hoped for. Simple reductionism is now being replaced by so-called "systems biology." This is a poorly defined approach and/or discipline with some versions of it relying excessively...
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PMID: 21636568
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Engineering effective vectors has been crucial to the efficient delivery and expression of therapeutic gene products in vivo. Among these, HSV-1 represents an excellent candidate vector for delivery to the peripheral and central nervous systems. The natural biology of HSV-1 includes the establishmen...
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PMID: 21536761
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The revised WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th edition) was published in 2008. A number of information from molecular biology was introduced, new patterns of classification were proposed, and specific molecular diagnostics and molecular-targeting therapy were intr...
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PMID: 21706866
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a targeted approach for affinity improvement of therapeutic antibodies. Sets of CDR residues that are solvent accessible and relatively diverse in natural antibodies are targeted for diversification. Degenerate oligonucleotides are used to generate combinatorial phage-displayed antibody...
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PMID: 19252851
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Conjugates of antibodies with cytotoxic agents offer a targeted therapeutic strategy against cancer cells expressing target antigens. Several antibodies against various cancer cell-surface antigens have been conjugated with different cytotoxic agents that inhibit essential cellular targets such as m...
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PMID: 19252846
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a recombinant method for the construction and production of a novel IgG-like BsAb molecule, using the variable domains of two fully human antibodies as the building blocks....
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PMID: 19252849
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide step-by-step methods on how to utilize synthetic precursor and antisense inhibitor molecules for understanding miRNA function....
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PMID: 18369991
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide step-by-step procedures for performing an siRNA knockdown experiment from cell culture to analysis of knockdown using quantitative real-time PCR....
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PMID: 18369992
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review how Bax and Bak change conformation and oligomerize, as well as how oligomers might form a pore. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle....
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PMID: 21195116
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Stem cells are a non-coherent group of cells that have little in common. Despite the fact that these diverse cell types are regarded as belonging to the same category, they do not share molecular markers. The definition of stemness is therefore descriptive, relating to potentials of the cells rather...
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PMID: 21447304
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are among the most heritable common disorders, and for more than 20 years researchers have tried to unravel genetic susceptibility genes. This review briefly outlines the pros and cons of genetic approaches, important advances and possible future directions for...
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PMID: 21348783
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disorder than arises via multiple distinct pathways, such as the serrated pathway, in which serrated polyps (including variants of hyperplastic polyps) are the precursor lesions. Approximately 15-20% of all CRCs arise via the serrated pathway, and these serr...
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PMID: 21045813
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bacteria have developed multiple complex mechanisms ensuring an adequate response to environmental changes. In this context, bacterial cell division and growth are subject to strict control to ensure metabolic balance and cell survival. A plethora of studies cast light on toxin-antit...
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PMID: 21394325
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our understanding of siRNA and miRNA-based regulation has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease aetiology and treatment as it is discussed in this review on 'new techniques in molecular biology'.
2011 S. Karger AG, Basel....
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PMID: 21252559
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the assembly of two automatic annotation pipelines, integrating publicly available tools, for homology and de novo ncRNA search in genomes. We applied both pipelines to 10 Saccharomycotina genomes and were able to find and annotate 693 ncRNA genes, corresponding to 81% of the ncRNAs expe...
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PMID: 21819949
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Because yeast is exceptionally well suited to genetic analysis, both classical and molecular, it is an attractive system for expressing recombinant animal proteins for purification purposes. Methods available for lysing yeast cells include autolysis, pressure cells (e.g., French pres...
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PMID: 21205845
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We focus on the interactions and molecular mechanisms by which the BM microenvironment exert these effects. Better understanding of these interactions and the study of the epigenetic changes that tumor cells undergo are necessary in order to improve current treatments and for the discovery of new th...
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PMID: 21704227
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We proposed a framework for streamlining research in decomposition ecology, which promotes quantitative approaches to collecting and applying data to forensic investigations involving decomposing human remains. To extend the ecological aspects of this approach, this review focuses on forensic entomo...
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PMID: 21185105
PDF is available here.
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved process that silences gene expression through double-stranded RNA species in a sequence-specific manner. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can promote sequence-specific degradation and/or translational repression of target RNA by a...
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PMID: 21041394
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We employed the use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) in a focused metabolomic study of sugar-nucleotides relevant to the biosynthesis of highly novel carbohydrate modifications on the flagellin of Campylobacter sp. We exploited the unique selectivity of t...
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PMID: 19882128
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide a mathematical model that begins to address this challenge. We model tumors as a discrete time branching process that starts with a single driver mutation and proceeds as each new driver mutation leads to a slightly increased rate of clonal expansion. Using the model, we observe tremendou...
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PMID: 20876136
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest VAC may exert its therapeutic effects through the activation of MOR, DOR, but not KOR.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20854795
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to report the prevalence of obesity indices in individuals with diabetes and find out their association with diabetic retinopathy in the urban Indian population. Subjects (n = 1,414) were recruited from Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular Genet...
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PMID: 19326040
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed a simple pyrosequencing-based method, reference query pyrosequencing (RQPS), to determine the CN of any allele in any genome by taking advantage of the fact that pyrosequencing can accurately measure the molar ratio of DNA fragments in a mixture that differ by a single nucleotide....
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PMID: 20810638
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The history of the evolution of medical research is characterized by a long period of division between the basic biological sciences and the health sciences, reflecting the seventeenth-century trends towards the experimental and the empirical. It was not until the middle of the twentieth century tha...
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PMID: 20973344
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, proteomic strategies are at the forefront of cancer research. By studying the complement of all expressed genes, proteomics aims to provide knowledge of biomarkers indicative of the physiological state of cancer cells at a specific time, enabling screening, early diagnosis,...
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PMID: 19882264
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have optimized the DD process with a platform that incorporates fluorescent digital readout, automated liquid handling, and large-format gels capable of running entire 96-well plates. The resulting streamlined fluorescent DD (FDD) technology offers an unprecedented accuracy, sensitivity, and thro...
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PMID: 19882260
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted an attitude survey for patients with hearing loss (HL). The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of patients or parents of deaf children regarding the deafness gene, genetic testing and a gene related HL. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to 201 individuals who visited the D...
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PMID: 20176453
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have constructed a novel oncolytic HSV-1 recombinant, KTR27, whose replication can be tightly controlled and regulated by tetracycline in a dose-dependent manner. Infection of normal replicating cells as well as multiple human cancer cell types with KTR27 in the presence of tetracycline led to 1,...
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PMID: 20519407
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Zebrafish models have significantly contributed to our understanding of vertebrate development and, more recently, human disease. The growing number of genetic tools available in zebrafish research has resulted in the identification of many genes involved in developmental and disease...
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PMID: 20679337
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The adapter molecule LAT is a nucleating site for multiprotein signaling complexes that are vital for the function and differentiation of T cells. Extensive investigation of LAT in multiple experimental systems has led to an integrated understanding of the formation, composition, reg...
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PMID: 20610546
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The first successful culture of Tropheryma whipplei made 10 years ago opened the way for identification of the bacterium and the development of many diagnostic tools. Phylogenetic analyses made it possible to classify it among Gram positive bacilli in the family of Actinomycetes, close to other ubiq...
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PMID: 20079990
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use the ranking algorithm implemented in the geNorm application to identify suitable Trypanosoma brucei reference genes for comparisons between the bloodstream and procyclic developmental stages and for analysis of mRNA induction by environmental conditions. For these conditions, the TERT gene is...
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PMID: 20302889
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the application of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene fragments (D1-D5) regarding their usefulness to discriminate between a wide range of heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU rRNA fragments showed similar results compared to phylogenetic trees based on the...
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PMID: 20153693
PDF is available here.
Abstract
While incorporation of molecular assays into the treatment planning strategy of breast cancer continues to be a work in progress, this approach is evolving quickly due to strong scientific evidence to become standard of practice in the near future. The possibilities of these assays in terms of clini...
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PMID: 20664515
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This protocol describes a method for RNA purification by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solubilization and phenol extraction. It is of wide utility and is used routinely to deproteinize RNAs in biological material that has been solubilized in SDS, an ionic detergent that dissolves membranes, disrupts...
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PMID: 20516176
PDF is available here.
Abstract
TRIzol solubilization and extraction is a relatively recently developed general method for deproteinizing RNA. This method is particularly advantageous in situations where cells or tissues are enriched for endogenous RNases or when separation of cytoplasmic RNA from nuclear RNA is impractical. TRIzo...
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PMID: 20516177
PDF is available here.