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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Mesencephalon (4):
Recent article
Mesencephalon
Journal of Trauma (69)6 2010
Abstract
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Abstract
We previously showed that neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic (DA) cell loss is decreased by inhibition of angiotensin receptors, but the location and functional effects of prorenin receptor (PRR) in the brain, including the DA system, are unknown. In the substantia nigra of Macaca fascicularis and in r...
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PMID: 20940627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (170)2 2010
Abstract
Our results depict the following changes: (1) Acute stress resulted in an increase in serum corticosterone levels that was higher in females; (2) In males, data on corticosterone and body weight gain and in females, data on body weight gain revealed an effect of chronic stress; (3) Both acute and ch...
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PMID: 20638450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We directly investigated the effects of Brn-4 on the neuronal differentiation and development of NSCs derived from the E13 rat midbrain. We found that Brn-4 knockdown in NSCs resulted in a significant decrease of MAP-2-positive neurons with immature morphology. Overexpression of Brn-4 in NSCs marked...
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PMID: 20524937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurobiology of Disease (39)3 2010
Abstract
We have developed and characterized a mouse model of tauopathy with parkinsonism, overexpressing human mutated tau protein with deletion of parkin (PK(-/-)/Tau(VLW)). At 3 months of age, these mice present abnormal dopamine-related behavior, severe dropout of dopamine neurons in the ventral midbrain...
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PMID: 20546895
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously shown that over-expression of G6PD in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra results in resistance to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in mice. In order to further examine this neuroprotective effect, a comparative proteomic study of t...
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PMID: 20594931
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors present a case of 39 years old male who was admitted to the hospital with non-specific vision disorders. The clinical features and radiological examination have led to the diagnosis of arteriovenosum malformation in midbrain. In case of that patient it is worth noticing the difference be...
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PMID: 20842823
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Anatomy (217)2 2010
Abstract
We have investigated the localization of GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b mRNA and the GFRalpha1 protein in zebrafish. GFRalpha1a and GFRalpha1b transcripts were observed in brain extracts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Whole-mount in-situ hybridization experiments revealed a wide dist...
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PMID: 20572899
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Developmental Biology (343)1-2 2010
Abstract
We have studied the involvement of the proneural gene Ascl1 in the development of the midbrain GABAergic neurons. Analysis of Ascl1 mutant mice demonstrated highly region-specific requirements for Ascl1 for development of different GABAergic neuron subpopulations. Ascl1 is dispensable for the develo...
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PMID: 20417196
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have studied the spatial and temporal expression of the two homeobox genes OTX2 and OTX1 in human fetal brains from 7 to 14 weeks postconception by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. OTX2 was expressed in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and choroid plexus, with a minor expression in...
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PMID: 20354145
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)27 2010
Abstract
We show that conditional mouse mutants with region-specific activation of beta-catenin signaling in vMB using the Shh-Cre mice show a marked expansion of Sox2-, Ngn2-, and Otx2-positive progenitors but perturbs their cell cycle exit and reduces the generation of dopamine neurons. Furthermore, activa...
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PMID: 20610763
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate elevated expression of the transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 in A10 dopaminergic neurons of embryonic and adult mouse, primate and human midbrain. Overexpression of orthodenticle homeobox 2 using lentivirus increased levels of known A10 elevated genes, including neuropilin...
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PMID: 20573704
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (344)2 2010
Abstract
We use laser point scanning confocal microscopy of a membrane expressed fluorescent protein to visualize the dynamic cell behaviors comprising neural tube closure in the cultured mouse embryo. In particular, we have focused on the final step wherein the neural folds approach one another and seal to...
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PMID: 20558153
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)25 2010
Abstract
We examined the brain systems involved in these two forms of executive control. Both stopping trials and switching trials showed common recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus, presupplementary motor area, and midbrain. Contrasting switching trials with stopping trials showed activation simi...
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PMID: 20573898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revista de Neurologia (50)12 2010
Abstract
Journal of Neuroscience (30)23 2010
Abstract
We know remarkably little about the properties of monoamine release, because these neuromodulators do not generally produce a fast ionotropic response. Since dopamine and serotonin neurons can also release glutamate in vitro and in vivo, we have used the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 and the...
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PMID: 20534840
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We explore the role of semaphorin 3A and 3F (Sema3A, Sema3F) in the formation of the mesotelencephalic pathway. We show that Sema3A and 3F are expressed in the ventral mesencephalon (VM) of E13.5 rat embryos; the receptors Neuropilin 1 and Neuropilin 2, and co-receptors L1CAM, NrCAM, and Plexins A1...
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PMID: 20298787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 44-year-old man with progressive ataxia, facial weakness, bilateral adduction deficits, and abducting nystagmus was initially misdiagnosed and treated for multiple sclerosis because a midbrain anatomic cleft had been overlooked on brain MRI. Six cases of "midbrain (or mesencephalic) cleft" or "key...
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PMID: 20393349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously reported that KHG21834, a benzothiazole derivative, attenuates ABeta-induced degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons in vitro. In the present work, we show that KHG21834 reduces ABeta-mediated neuroinflammation in brain. In vivo intracerebroventricular infusion of KHG21834 l...
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PMID: 20587331
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The spectrum of pathologic processes affecting the midbrain features some differences to other brain areas. The midbrain is exposed to traumatic alterations due to its position between the tentorial edges, and some neurodegenerative and metabolic-toxic diseases may typically involve the midbrain. Is...
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PMID: 20532857
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulation of Sox2 in the pre-placodal cephalic ectoderm and central nervous system by enhancer N-4.
Abstract
The development of various tissues originating from the cephalic placodes is accompanied by the expression of the Sox2 gene. This Sox2 expression initiates in the pre-placodal cephalic ectoderm, and is regulated by enhancer N-4, which also regulates Sox2 in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS)...
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PMID: 20507355
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss the anatomy of the brainstem and highlight the features and landmarks that are important in interpreting magnetic resonance imaging.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20483389
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurobiology of Disease (38)3 2010
Abstract
We show here that Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta), a multifunctional cytokine and trophic factor for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons modulates proteasome function in primary midbrain neurons. TGF-beta differentially inhibited proteasomal subactivities with a most pronounced time-dependen...
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PMID: 20211260
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurobiology of Aging (31)6 2010
Abstract
We sought to determine whether age-related changes in microglia and astrocytes in rhesus monkeys are region-specific, suggestive of involvement in regional differences in vulnerability to degeneration that may be relevant to PD pathogenesis. Gliosis in midbrain DA subregions was measured by estimati...
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PMID: 18715678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We learned from clinical trials using fetal tissue grafts, recent progress in the development of human stem cell-derived-DA neurons for CRT, and some of the issues that need to be solved in order to develop stem cells as tools for PD CRT.
2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20494130
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We found a positive correlation between age and aSN and between age and the S/M ratio. The values for aSN and S/M ratio were smaller in infants and children compared to healthy adults (aSNmax 0.06+/-0.05 cm2 vs. 0.13+/-0.08 cm2). The aSN and S/M ratio grew with increasing age in an almost linear pro...
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PMID: 20152909
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the role of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3), a neural-specific JNK isoform, in dopaminergic neuron death induced by the pesticides rotenone and paraquat. The role of JNK3 was evaluated using RNA silencing and gene deletion to block JNK3 signaling. Using an antibody that recognizes a...
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PMID: 20418776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)15 2010
Abstract
We verified whether alpha6* receptors mediate the systemic effects of nicotine on the mesolimbic DA pathway by perfusing the selective antagonists alpha-conotoxin MII (CntxMII) (alpha3/alpha6beta2* selective) or alpha-conotoxin PIA (CntxPIA) (alpha6beta2* selective) into ventral tegmental area (VTA)...
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PMID: 20392953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Behavioral Neuroscience (124)2 2010
Abstract
These results suggest that high-frequency EA stimulation improves motor impairment in MFB-lesioned rats by increasing GABAergic inhibition in the output structure of the basal ganglia....
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PMID: 20364891
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Mechanisms of Development (127)3-4 2010
Abstract
We analyzed FGF signaling pathways in chondrogenic and gliogenic specification. The promotion of chondrogenesis by FGF-2 was significantly suppressed by U0126, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk) pathway, and by Erk-1 siRNA. Chondrogenesis was also prevented by th...
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PMID: 20085809
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cell and Tissue Research (340)1 2010
Abstract
We immortalized rat ventral mesencephalic NPCs by using SV40 large T antigen (SV40Tag). All cell clones displayed a two- to three-fold higher proliferation rate compared with the primary cells. In order to induce dopaminergic differentiation of generated cell clones, both glial-derived neurotrophic...
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PMID: 20177706
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research Bulletin (81)6 2010
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf)-modified nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to mediate efficient expression of exogenous genes in the brain via intravenous administration. The brain-targeting properties of Lf-modified NPs were investigated in this study. In vivo imaging results showed that the accumulation...
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PMID: 20026388
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested whether responses of auditory midbrain and forebrain neurons to songs differed between species and between groups of conspecific birds with different developmental exposure to song. We also compared responses of individual neurons to conspecific and heterospecific songs. Zebra and Bengales...
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PMID: 20039264
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology In Vitro (24)2 2010
Abstract
We examined the in vitro effects of the environmental dopaminergic toxin rotenone on neural stem cells, derived from the rat E16 mesencephalon. The neurospheres were cultured on the uncoated glass dishes. Cells emerged from the neurospheres and migrated along the radial axis. The migrating populatio...
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PMID: 19900533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1313) 2010
Abstract
The relationship between fiber tract formation and transverse and longitudinal borders of the diencephalon was investigated in Alligator embryos beginning when this structure was a single unit and continuing until internal subgroups were present within individual segments. At all stages of developme...
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PMID: 19968970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Neuroscience (11) 2010
Abstract
Consistent with earlier findings, GT1b attenuated the DA neuron number and dopamine uptake level in mesencephalic cultures. Morphological evidence revealed GT1b-induced chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation as well as an increased number of TUNEL-positive cells, compared to control cultur...
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PMID: 20540782
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe here a reproducible, chemically defined protocol that allows directed differentiation of hESCs to nearly pure neuroectodermal cells and neurons. First, hESC colonies are detached from mouse fibroblast feeder layers and form aggregates to initiate the differentiation procedure. Second, af...
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PMID: 19907987
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J, 129 Sv, DBA/2J and Balb/c, which differ in brain serotonin levels. Serotonin analysis after nerve injury revealed inter-strain differences in the adaptation of descending serotonergic fibers. Upregulation of spinal cord and midbrain serotonin was apparent only...
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PMID: 20977736
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have analysed the expression patterns of Slits, Netrins, Semaphorins and the respective receptors during the formation of the early axon scaffold, particularly focusing on the pretectal-mesencephalic boundary. Many of these guidance molecules are expressed in close correlation with the growing tr...
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PMID: 19757387
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted several assays in cultured midbrain astrocyte to determine the role of mitochondria, lysosome and its associated protein cathepsin D in the manganese-induced toxicity. We found that a mixed form of cell death in the manganese treated astrocyte. During the process of cell death, we detec...
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PMID: 19913584
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report acute isolated fourth nerve palsy in an 18-year-old lady due to a midbrain hemorrhage probably due to a midbrain cavernoma. The case highlights the need for neuroimaging in selected cases of isolated trochlear nerve palsy....
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PMID: 20029150
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To describe the normal development of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) using three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal (TV) ultrasound (US) between 7 and 10 w.g. and to compare the embryonic development visualized by 3D TV US with that of the classical embryology....
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PMID: 21427872
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurovirology (15)5-6 2009
Abstract
We were able to identify the relative sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to gp120-induced damage, manifested as reduced function (decreased DA uptake), morphological changes, and reduced viability. We also showed that gp120-induced oxidative damage is involved in this neuropathogenic process....
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PMID: 20175694
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyze if key regulators identified in rodents are also expressed in the human VM during embryonic development. We report that BLBP and LMX1A mark the floor plate and that FOXA2 is expressed in both the floor plate and basal plate of the human VM. The proneural transcription factors NGN2 and MAS...
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PMID: 19825428
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hearing Research (258)1-2 2009
Abstract
We review what is known about the development of multisensory integration, with a focus on the circuitry and experiential antecedents of its development in the model system of the multisensory (i.e., deep) layers of the superior colliculus. Of particular interest here are two sets of experimental ob...
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PMID: 19345256
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genetika (Moskva) (45)12 2009
Abstract
The effects of mutations affecting the coat color on the dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin contents of the hypothalamus and brainstem of the American mink have been studied. The sample comprised standard (+/+) and mutant minks, including the monorecessive pastel (b/b), silver-blue (p/p), and wh...
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PMID: 20198975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Neurobiology (69)11 2009
Abstract
We have discovered that the mouse midbrain has SA expressed most robustly at embryonic day (E) 12.5. SA propagation in the midbrain originates in midline serotonergic cell bodies contained within the adjacent hindbrain and then passes through the isthmus along ventral midline serotonergic axons. Onc...
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PMID: 19449313
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cerebellum (8)3 2009
Abstract
We report the results of a retrospective analysis of radiological and clinical findings in 45 cases of midbrain-hindbrain anomalies and review recent advances in embryology and molecular neurogenetics. Among 45 patients with midbrain-hindbrain malformations, 16 cases of molar tooth malformation, 12...
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PMID: 19337779
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Stem Cells (27)9 2009
Abstract
We herein demonstrate that Nurr1 proteins undergo ubiquitin-proteasome-system-mediated degradation in differentiating NP cells. The degradation process is activated by a direct Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Nurr1 proteins and can be prevented by abolishing the Akt-target sequence in Nurr1 (Nurr1(A...
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PMID: 19522012
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We reported an in vitro cell culture model that recreates many of the hallmarks of glial scarring around electrodes used for recording in the brain; however, the model lacked the reproducibility necessary to establish a useful characterization tool. This methods paper describes a protocol, modeled o...
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PMID: 19447137
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Surgery (37)8 2009
Abstract
We investigated 22 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of unknown etiology by the initial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained within 24 hours from onset. Patients were divided into two groups according to SAH distribution in CT on admission; p...
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PMID: 19663335
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined the distribution of cells targeting the cervical spinal cord and rostral medullary reticular formation (MdRF), and investigated whether these MRF neurons receive input from the SC by the use of dual tracer techniques in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Either biotinylated dextran amine or...
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PMID: 19645020
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that when macaque monkeys are offered a water reward of variable magnitude, they seek advance information about its size. Furthermore, the same midbrain dopamine neurons that signal the expected amount of water also signal the expectation of information, in a manner that is correlated with t...
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PMID: 19607797
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Psychiatry (66)2 2009
Abstract
Together, these findings suggest that cabergoline-mediated upregulation of the GDNF pathway attenuates alcohol-drinking behaviors and relapse. Alcohol abuse and addiction are devastating and costly problems worldwide. This study puts forward the possibility that cabergoline might be an effective tre...
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PMID: 19232578
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There is loss of putative wake-active ventral periaqueductal gray matter dopaminergic neurons in both multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies, which may contribute to excessive daytime sleepiness in these conditions....
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PMID: 19597132
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and produces mitochondria-mediated death of dopaminergic neurons and sublethal intoxications that are associated with a Parkinson-like syndrome. Cyanide toxicity is enhanced when mitochondrial uncoupling is stimulated following up-r...
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PMID: 19361538
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that activity in both the DS and the VS correlated with reward prediction errors. Using functional connectivity, we show that the DS and the VS are differentially connected to different midbrain regions (possibly corresponding to the substantia nigra [SN] and the ventral tegmental area [VTA...
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PMID: 18752410
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.