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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Prosencephalon (2):
Recent article
Prosencephalon
Abstract
We previously prepared a SREB2-overexpressing transgenic mouse for functional analysis but were unable to confirm SREB2 protein expression level by immunochemical or biochemical methods. In this article, we report mass spectrometric identification and relative quantitative analysis of SREB2 in the f...
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PMID: 21395347
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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PLoS Biology (9)4 2011
Abstract
We describe conditions for RA treatment of human embryonic stem cells that result in efficient differentiation to a heterogeneous population of GABAergic interneurons without the appearance of GABAergic striatal projection neurons, thus providing an in vitro method for generation of GABAergic intern...
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PMID: 21532733
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We measured prefrontal cortical synaptic plasticity and working memory function in NR2B overexpressing transgenic mice. In vitro electrophysiological data showed that overexpression of NR2B specifically in the forebrain region resulted in enhancement of prefrontal cortical long-term potentiation (LT...
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PMID: 21655294
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are macroglial cells of the vertebrate central nervous system. These cells have diverse roles in the maintenance of neurological function. In the embryo, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the specification of macroglial precursors in vivo appear strikingly similar...
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PMID: 21068830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (124)5 2010
Abstract
We developed two Oxtr knockout lines: a total body knockout (Oxtr-/-) and a conditional Oxtr knockout (OxtrFB/FB) in which the Oxtr is lacking only in regions of the forebrain, allowing knockout females to potentially nurse and care for their biological offspring. In the current study, we assessed m...
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PMID: 20939667
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hormones and Behavior (58)3 2010
Abstract
We compared the song output of laboratory-housed male Lincoln's sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) exposed to 1 week of chronic playback of songs categorized as either high or low quality, based on song length, complexity, and trill performance. To explore the neural basis of any facultative shifts in b...
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PMID: 20399213
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Brain Research (211)2 2010
Abstract
Forebrain dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral activation. Adenosine A(2A) antagonists reverse many of the behavioral effects of DA antagonists, and A(2A) receptors are co-localized with D(2) receptors on striatal medium spiny neurons. The present work w...
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PMID: 20211657
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) are enzymes which cleave the sn-2 ester bond in membrane phospholipids to release free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The present study aimed to elucidate the expression profile of multiple secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) isoforms in the normal rat CNS with fo...
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PMID: 20153419
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Endocrinology (151)7 2010
Abstract
We tested the involvement of these sites in MEL-triggered SD responses. A long duration, SD-like MEL signal was applied site specifically for 5 wk, with sc and third ventricle MEL application serving as positive controls. Whereas SD MEL signals delivered to each of these sites were able to induce te...
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PMID: 20444937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined glutamate concentration in whole blood, measured Cu/Zn- and Mn-SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in blood cells as well as plasma, and investigated the prevalence of single and double strand breaks of lymphocyte DNA. The results of our experiment showed that the concentration of glut...
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PMID: 20577022
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Thyroid hormones, particularly triiodothyronine (T3), have long been used for the treatment of depression, most frequently to enhance the therapeutic activity of other antidepressants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible underlying mechanisms for the antidepressant activity of T3. The...
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PMID: 20206658
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1330) 2010
Abstract
In addition to synaptic remodeling, formation of new neurons is increasingly acknowledged as an important cue for plastic changes in the central nervous system. Whereas all vertebrates retain a moderate neuroproliferative capacity, phylogenetically younger mammals become dramatically impaired in thi...
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PMID: 20298680
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Cell Science (123)Pt 11 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate that meteorin is involved in GFAP-positive glial differentiation through activation of the Jak-STAT3 pathway, by using neurosphere and retinal explant culture systems. During embryonic brain development, meteorin is highly expressed in neural stem and radial glia cells of the ventricu...
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PMID: 20460434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
hGRPs were isolated from over 50 neural tissues of either sex during gestational ages of 17-24 weeks. Cells expanded out to 6 days in vitro in a xenobiotic-free medium demonstrated very consistent immunocytochemical profiles. No residual antibody used in the purification process was detected after 6...
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PMID: 20455649
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pharmacological Research (61)5 2010
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that neboglamine behaves as a potential antipsychotic. We compared the effects of neboglamine, D-serine, clozapine, and haloperidol on the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), a marker of neuronal activation, in rat forebrain. We also studied the effects of these a...
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PMID: 20045056
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)17 2010
Abstract
We generated forebrain-specific Smad4 knock-out mice. Surprisingly, the mutants showed no alteration in long-term potentiation and water maze, suggesting that Smad4 is not required for spatial learning and memory. However, these mutant mice did show enhancement of paired-pulse facilitation in excita...
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PMID: 20427661
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1324) 2010
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effects of leucine (Leu), alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid (HIV), respectively, the branched-chain amino, keto and hydroxy acids that most accumulate in MSUD, on brain bioenergetic homeostasis, evaluating respiratory parameters obtained by...
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PMID: 20153737
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The "cholinergic hypothesis" of dementia posits that the progressive loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and the consequent decrease of acetylcholine levels in the deafferented projection sites are correlated with degree of cognitive decline in dementia. It has also been proposed that early...
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PMID: 20164586
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Adrenergic (alpha1 and alpha2) and cholinergic muscarinic (M1-M5) receptor binding in rat forebrain was quantified after 4 wk of twice-daily subcutaneous administration of asenapine or vehicle. Asenapine (0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg) produced increases in [3H]prazosin binding to alpha1-adrenergic recep...
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PMID: 19835670
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated whether the ciclosporin derivative, NIM811 reduces mPT and ameliorates delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 sectors in mice when subjected to transient forebrain ischaemia.
Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with 50 mg/kg ciclosporin, 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg NIM811 or phosphate-buffere...
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PMID: 20604838
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Letters (473)1 2010
Abstract
We aimed to examine neuronal activities of forebrain structures with respect to bladder contraction in cats. In 14 adult male cats under ketamine anaesthesia in which a spontaneous isovolumetric bladder-contraction/relaxation cycle had been generated, we carried out extracellular single-unit recordi...
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PMID: 20153810
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review anatomical, pharmacological and electrophysiological studies on how the orexin neurones may promote arousal by exciting cortically projecting neurones of the BF. Orexin fibres synapse on BF cholinergic neurones and orexin-A is released in the BF during waking. Local application of orexins...
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PMID: 19723027
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have shown that the transplantation of inhibitory neurons induces ocular dominance plasticity after the critical period. Transplanted inhibitory neurons receive excitatory synapses, make inhibitory synapses onto host cortical neurons, and promote plasticity when they reach a cellular age equivale...
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PMID: 20185728
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested whether responses of auditory midbrain and forebrain neurons to songs differed between species and between groups of conspecific birds with different developmental exposure to song. We also compared responses of individual neurons to conspecific and heterospecific songs. Zebra and Bengales...
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PMID: 20039264
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (103)3 2010
Abstract
We explored the selectivity for motifs, spectrotemporally distinct perceptual units in starling song, recording the responses of 96 caudomedial mesopallium (CMM) neurons in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) under awake-restrained and urethane-anesthetized conditions. A subset of neurons was high...
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PMID: 20032245
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1313) 2010
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the cholinergic agonist, physostigmine, on jugular venous superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) generation, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial activation during forebrain ischemia/reperfusion (FBI/R) in rats. Fourteen male Wistar rat were allocated to the con...
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PMID: 19968973
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1313) 2010
Abstract
The relationship between fiber tract formation and transverse and longitudinal borders of the diencephalon was investigated in Alligator embryos beginning when this structure was a single unit and continuing until internal subgroups were present within individual segments. At all stages of developme...
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PMID: 19968970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Psychiatry (15)2 2010
Abstract
We used conditional mouse mutants that overexpress CRH in the entire central nervous system (CRH-COE-Nes) or only in the forebrain, including limbic structures (CRH-COE-Cam). Compared with wild-type or control mice during baseline, both homozygous CRH-COE-Nes and -Cam mice showed constantly increase...
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PMID: 19455148
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed the distribution of VEGF and its high-affinity receptor VEGFR-2 in the human forebrain and cerebellum at developmental stages from 14 weeks' gestation (WG) to the13th postnatal month. Tissue samples free of detectable neuropathologic abnormalities were assessed by immunohistochemistry an...
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PMID: 20084021
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)5 2010
Abstract
We have systematically characterized the populations of cortical GABAergic interneurons that originate from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). Interestingly, compared with medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived cortical interneuron populations, the initiation [embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5)] and pe...
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PMID: 20130169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the expression of FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) mRNA throughout early development of Xenopus laevis by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RT-PCR shows that FGFR3 mRNA is localized within the gastrula; regionalized staining is detected by the neural plate stage and continues throughout embryonic d...
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PMID: 20044036
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reactive changes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the rat brain lateral ventricles after the intraventricular injection of beta-amyloid peptide (BAP). It was found that 3 months after BAP injection ependymal cells and SVZ cells reacted to...
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PMID: 21513101
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural Development (5)1 2010
Abstract
We used a comparative approach to identify mouse homologs of transcription factors expressed in developing Caenorhabditis elegans GABAergic neurons. A cell-specific microarray profiling study revealed a set of transcription factors that are highly expressed in embryonic C. elegans GABAergic neurons....
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PMID: 21122108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Forum of nutrition (63) 2010
Abstract
It is now axiomatic that neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus have a primary role in responding to changes in circulating levels of leptin and transmitting signals to downstream circuits that influence eating and energy expenditure. Signals generated from the gastrointestinal...
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PMID: 19955781
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychopharmacology (35)2 2010
Abstract
We evaluated a large sample of brain structures, particularly ones comprising basal forebrain macrosystems, and determined in which the immediate-early gene product, Fos, is expressed following a single and repeated self-administrations of cocaine. The caudate-putamen and accumbens, comprising the b...
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PMID: 19794406
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The initial evaluation with neuropsychological tests showed severe verbal memory disturbance. The patient did not discuss his excessive alcohol consumption in the initial history-taking session and thiamine deficiency was absent; therefore, early-stage Alzheimer's disease was suspected. Later, the p...
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PMID: 20154432
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (165)2 2010
Abstract
We aimed to characterize non-fornical forebrain projections from this region that might mediate the PPI-disruptive effects of the ventral temporal lobe. Electrolytic lesions of the precommissural fornix in male Sprague-Dawley rats were followed by infusions of fluorogold into the mPFC or by infusion...
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PMID: 19854244
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (165)2 2010
Abstract
We investigated the association between chronotype and Fos expression during the day and night in three major nuclei in the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic (ACh) arousal system - medial septum (MS), vertical and horizontal diagonal band of Broca (VDB and HDB respectively) -, and whether neural acti...
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PMID: 19837140
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Society transactions (37)Pt 6 2009
Abstract
We have also studied the contributions of different GluN2-containing NMDARs [NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors] to spatial memory. Studies with GluN2 NMDAR mutants have revealed different contributions from GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs to spatial learning. Furthermore, comparison of fore...
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PMID: 19909269
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroreport (20)17 2009
Abstract
We addressed this issue by using structural magnetic resonance imaging in rats to measure the hippocampus and other brain regions before and after stress. Chronic restraint stress produced approximately 3% reduction in hippocampal volume, which was not observed in control rats. This decrease was not...
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PMID: 19858767
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated that brain edema, one of the most important disorders following cerebral ischemia, occurred in the forebrain before neuronal death in the hippocampus and was not prevented by HT during cerebral ischemia induced by BCCA occlusion in C57BL/6J mice. Our results indicate that neuronal de...
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PMID: 19952411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychoneuroendocrinology (34 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
We first address the ameliorative function of estrogen on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons such as the actions of estrogen on neuronal plasticity of cholinergic neurons, estrogen-induced memory enhancement and the ameliorative role of estrogen on cholinergic neuron related neurodegenerative proce...
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PMID: 19560872
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Turkish Neurosurgery (19)4 2009
Abstract
AChAs arose from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and distal to the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) at a ratio of 70%, from just distal to the original point of the PCoA in 20%, and from just proximal to the ICA bifurcation in 10% of the patients. In 95 cases, AChAs arose from the inferolater...
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PMID: 19847754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioral Neuroscience (123)5 2009
Abstract
Local availability of glycine near N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is partly regulated by neuronal glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1), which can therefore modulate NMDAR function because binding to the glycine site of the NMDAR is necessary for channel activation. Disrupting GlyT1 in forebrain ne...
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PMID: 19824767
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuromolecular Medicine (11)3 2009
Abstract
We review evidence from studies of adult mouse forebrain supporting a model wherein synaptic stimulation (above a threshold value) increases calcium within dendritic spines, activates calpain, and activates and releases dicer from the postsynaptic density. Dicer processes local pre-miRs into mature...
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PMID: 19458942
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Research (31)7 2009
Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal expression of heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) and its phosphorylation in gerbil brain after transient forebrain ischemia. Brain sections from Mongolian gerbil killed 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and 2 weeks after ischemia (n=5 in each experimental gr...
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PMID: 19055877
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We then measured behavioural, neurochemical and endocrine responses. CRF increased locomotion and spontaneous non-ambulatory motor activity (SNAMA) in the home cages. Fluoxetine decreased tissue 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, a measure of serotonin metabolism, in specific limbic brain re...
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PMID: 18951247
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (212)Pt 15 2009
Abstract
We exposed adult male starlings to either long or short songs periodically over 7 days, followed by 1 day of no song. We found no difference between groups in the length (i.e. quality) of songs that subjects produced during the experiment. However, compared with males exposed to short songs, those e...
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PMID: 19617434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (102)2 2009
Abstract
We bilaterally lesioned NIf and then transected the vocal nerve in adult male zebra finches. We found that bilateral NIf lesions did not prevent nerve section-induced song decrystallization. To test the extent to which the NIf lesions disrupted auditory processing in the song system, we made in vivo...
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PMID: 19515953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined food intake in chronically maintained decerebrate rats in response to two antimetabolic drugs known to stimulate food intake, 2-mercaptoacetate (MA) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). MA reduces fatty acid oxidation, and 2DG reduces glucose utilization. Because previous work has shown that ins...
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PMID: 19494173
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Molecular Genetics (18)15 2009
Abstract
We generated conditional Dnmt1 mutant mice that possess approximately 90% hypomethylated cortical and hippocampal cells in the dorsal forebrain from E13.5 on. The mutant mice were viable with a normal lifespan, but displayed severe neuronal cell death between E14.5 and three weeks postnatally. Accom...
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PMID: 19433415
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (162)1 2009
Abstract
Defeat is a social stressor involving subordination by a threatening conspecific. Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRF(2)) are abundant in brain regions implicated in defeat responses and are putative stress-related molecules. The present study sought to determine whether neuroactiva...
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PMID: 19358876
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroreport (20)11 2009
Abstract
We infused adenosine A1 and A2A receptors antagonists into the rat basal forebrain during sleep deprivation and compared characteristics of recovery non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep (its amount and non-REM sleep delta power) after sleep deprivation, and after sleep deprivation combined with pe...
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PMID: 19491711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (161)2 2009
Abstract
We generated mutant mice lacking GlyT1 in the entire forebrain including neurons and glia. This conditional knockout system allows a more precise examination of GlyT1 downregulation in the brain on behavior and cognition. The mutation was highly effective in attenuating the motor-stimulating effect...
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PMID: 19332109
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genes & Development (23)12 2009
Abstract
We used the zebrafish Danio rerio as a model system to study Zic knockdown during midline formation by looking at the close homolog Zic1, which is expressed in an overlapping fashion with Zic2. Zic1 knockdown in zebrafish leads to a strong midline defect including partial cyclopia due to attenuated...
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PMID: 19528322
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (29)18 2009
Abstract
We show that the first three Ig-like domains of MAG bind with high affinity and in a sialic acid-dependent manner to the Nogo-66 receptor-1 (NgR1) and its homolog NgR2. Domains Ig3-Ig5 of MAG are sufficient to inhibit neurite outgrowth but fail to associate with NgR1 or NgR2. Nogo receptors are sial...
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PMID: 19420245
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (29)18 2009
Abstract
We describe a novel mouse model that withdraws in approach-avoidance conflicts. X11-like (X11L)/Mint2 is a neuronal adapter protein with multiple protein-protein interaction domains that interacts with several proteins involved in modulating neuronal activity. X11L-knock-out (KO) mice were subordina...
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PMID: 19420255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a new procedure that we have successfully employed to maintain operationally defined human somatic NSC/NPC from developing fetal, pre-term post-natal, and adult cadaveric forebrain. Specifically, we outline the detailed methodology for in vitro expansion, long-term maintenance, manipulat...
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PMID: 19455542
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Memantine, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, has recently been used in Alzheimer's disease. The influences of memantine on behavioral changes, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and reuptake of both serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine in mice were examined in the present study. Memantine dose-...
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PMID: 19420753
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without further trophic support. Exposure to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) selectively induces the APCs to proliferate, form...
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PMID: 19031440
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.