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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Synapses (5):
Recent article
Synapses
Abstract
We report that early gamma oscillations (EGOs) enable precise spatiotemporal thalamocortical synchronization in the neonatal rat whisker sensory system. Driven by a thalamic gamma oscillator and initially independent of cortical inhibition, EGOs synchronize neurons in a single thalamic barreloid and...
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PMID: 21998388
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Developmental Cell (21)4 2011
Abstract
We use a combination of in vivo quantitative proteomics and analyses of cyclin E knockout mice to demonstrate that in terminally differentiated neurons cyclin E forms complexes with Cdk5 and controls synapse function by restraining Cdk5 activity. Ablation of cyclin E led to a decreased number of s...
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PMID: 21944720
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (286)40 2011
Abstract
We report that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam(3)CysSerLys(4) exerted more profound effects on release of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), in glia prepared from CD200(-/-) mice compared with wild type mice. This effect is explained by...
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PMID: 21835925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular BioSystems (7)10 2011
Abstract
We applied a stochastic calculus of domain binding provided by a rule-based modelling approach to formalise the highly combinatorial signalling pathway in the PSD and perform the numerical analysis of the relative distribution of protein complexes and their sizes. We specified the combinatorics of p...
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PMID: 21874189
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1410) 2011
Abstract
These results suggest that erythropoietin decreases the excitatory neurotransmitter release probability and may in this way protect the synapses from toxic levels of glutamate. Erythropoietin perfusion increased the expression of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus which is considered as basic...
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PMID: 21803333
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1407) 2011
Abstract
Serine proteases, serine protease inhibitors, and protease-activated receptors have been intensively investigated in the periphery and their roles in a wide range of processes-coagulation, inflammation, and digestion, for example-have been well characterized (see Coughlin, 2000; Macf...
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PMID: 21782155
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss the role of AD-linked calcium signaling alterations in neurons and how this may be linked to synaptic dysfunctions at both early and late stages of the disease....
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PMID: 21786198
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the cellular signaling networks that regulate the activity of transcription factors during brain development and discuss the functional roles of specific activity-regulated transcription factors in specific stages of synapse formation, refinement, and maturation. Interestingly, a number of...
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PMID: 21555405
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the cellular signaling networks that regulate the activity of transcription factors during brain development and discuss the functional roles of specific activity-regulated transcription factors in specific stages of synapse formation, refinement, and maturation. Interestingly, a number of...
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PMID: 21555405
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a model of plasticity induction for reinforcement learning in a population of leaky integrate and fire neurons which is based on a cascade of synaptic memory traces. Each synaptic cascade correlates presynaptic input first with postsynaptic events, next with the behavioral decisions and f...
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PMID: 21738460
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed a computational model of glutamatergic signaling at a prototypical dendritic spine to examine the patterns of NMDAR subtype activation at temporal and spatial resolutions that are difficult to obtain experimentally. We demonstrate that NMDAR subtypes have different dynamic ranges of act...
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PMID: 21738464
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive, loss- of-function analysis of Rem2 function in cultured hippocampal neurons using RNAi to substantially decrease Rem2 protein levels. We found that knockdown of Rem2 decreases the density and maturity of dendritic spines, the primary site of excitatory synapses onto pyr...
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PMID: 21485012
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use and build on in adult life. Key to persistent modifications of neuronal connectivity and plasticity of the neocortex are molecular changes occurring at the synapse. Here we used isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification to measure levels of 467 synaptic proteins in a well-establis...
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PMID: 21398567
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons that the NR2B to NR2A switch driven acutely by activity requires activation of NMDARs and mGluR5, involves PLC, Ca(2+) release from IP(3)R-dependent stores, and PKC activity. In mGluR5 knockout mice the developmental NR2B-NR2A switch in CA1 is deficient....
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PMID: 21521618
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropharmacology (60)5 2011
Abstract
We discuss recent findings on the physiology and plasticity of inputs to interneurons in the basolateral amygdala, the primary input station. These interneurons are a heterogeneous group of cells that can be separated on immunohistochemical and electrophysiological grounds. Glutamatergic inputs to t...
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PMID: 21093462
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a Magyar Pszichofarmakologiai Egyesulet lapja = official journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology (13)1 2011
Abstract
Abstract
We examined synaptic plasticity and performed a comparative analysis of spatial learning, fear conditioning and step-down avoidance in wild-type mice and CNGA3 null mutants (CNGA3(-/-) ). CNGA3(-/-) mice showed normal basal synaptic transmission in the amygdala and the hippocampus. However, cornu Am...
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PMID: 20846178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (31)7 2011
Abstract
We now tested the mice with regard to neuromotor parameters, behavior, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity and correlated this with histological and biochemical parameters in different stages of switching Tau(RD) on or off. The mice are normal in neuromotor tests. However, pro-aggregant Tau...
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PMID: 21325519
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized the function and structure of spinal circuitry in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) model mice. SMA motor neurons show reduced proprioceptive reflexes that correlate with decreased number and function of synapses on motor neuron somata and proximal dendrites. These abnormalities occur a...
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PMID: 21315257
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 are present at the synapse, and that Notch signaling in neurons occurs in response to synaptic activity. In addition, neuronal Notch signaling is positively regulated by Arc/Arg3.1, an activity-induced gene required for synaptic plasticity. In Arc/Arg3.1 mu...
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PMID: 21315255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Sciences (32)1 2011
Abstract
We examined their relationship in the rNTS of rat. Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3...
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PMID: 20686827
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In 1950, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in the brain and in 1967 it was recognized as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The discovery of the benzodiazepines Librium® (launched in 1960) and Valium® by Sternbach initiated huge research activities resulting in 50 marketed dr...
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PMID: 21428811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Sciences (32)1 2011
Abstract
We examined their relationship in the rNTS of rat. Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3...
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PMID: 20686827
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural plasticity (2011) 2011
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons are critical for the normal function and development of neural circuits, and their dysfunction is implicated in a large number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Experience and activity-dependent mechanisms play an important role in GABAergic circuit development,...
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PMID: 21826279
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural plasticity (2011) 2011
Abstract
We have gained much insight into the mechanisms that open and close a sensitive period of plasticity in the visual cortex. This brings the hope that novel treatments can be developed for brain injuries requiring renewed plasticity potential and neurodevelopmental brain disorders caused by defective...
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PMID: 21826276
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural Development (6)1 2011
Abstract
We show that vesicle trafficking is coordinated through at least two mechanisms. First, a significant proportion of STVs and PTVs are transported together before forming a stable terminal. Second, individual PTVs and STVs share pause sites within the axon. Importantly, for both STVs and PTVs, encoun...
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PMID: 21569270
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural plasticity (2011) 2011
Abstract
We review some of the sophisticated ways in which this ionic driving force can vary within neuronal circuits. This driving force for GABA(A)Rs is subject to tight spatial control, with the distribution of Cl⁻ transporter proteins and channels generating regional variation in the strength of GABA(A...
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PMID: 21766044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural plasticity (2011) 2011
Abstract
We review homeostatic plasticity of GABAergic neurons and their synaptic connections. We propose a simplistic model for homeostatic plasticity of GABAergic components of the circuitry (GABAergic synapses onto excitatory neurons, excitatory connections onto GABAergic neurons, cellular excitability of...
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PMID: 21876819
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a critical review of the latest findings in the field of NG2 cell physiology--discussing how they inform us on the possible function(s) of NG2 cells in the brain--and we present some personal views on new directions the field could benefit from in order to achieve lasting significance....
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PMID: 21288204
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here that presynaptic NMDA receptors are present on GABAergic terminals in developing (postnatal day (PND) 12-15) but not older (PND21-25) rat frontal cortex. Using MK-801 in the recording pipette to block postsynaptic NMDA receptors, evoked and miniature IPSCs were recorded in layer II/II...
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PMID: 21365001
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Brain (4)1 2011
Abstract
We determine that the effects of Stau1 knockdown on spine shape and size are mimicked by blocking NMDA receptors (or elevating extracellular Mg2+) and that Stau1 knockdown in the presence of NMDA receptor blockade (or high Mg2+) has no further effect on spine shape and size. Moreover, the effect of...
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PMID: 21635779
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Pain (7)1 2011
Abstract
We examine their potential involvement in nociception and synaptic plasticity in superficial spinal dorsal horn. Changes of lower spinal cord dura mast cells and their contribution to hyperalgesia are examined in animal models of peripheral neurogenic and non-neurogenic inflammation....
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PMID: 21639869
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Coincident activity of pairs of neurons in the sensorimotor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex was studied in naive, learning, and trained rabbits during the formation of a hidden excitation focus in their central nervous system (a defensive dominanta) of the rhythmic nature. In...
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PMID: 21961320
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Brain research (1360) 2010
Abstract
We examined the seizure threshold of connexin36 knockout (Cx36KO) mice using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model.
Mice (2-3months old) with Cx36 wildtype (WT) or Cx36KO genotype were treated with vehicle or 10-40mg/kg of the convulsant PTZ by intraperitoneal injection. Seizure and seizure-like behaviors...
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PMID: 20833151
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1360) 2010
Abstract
We examined the pathophysiology of neuronal and glial cells of the nigrostriatal pathway following unilateral infusion of varying doses of rotenone into the substantia nigra or medial forebrain bundle of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, sacrificed 14 and 60 days after infusion. Immunofluorescence tec...
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PMID: 20807515
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The human brain contains more than 100 trillion (10(14)) synaptic connections, which form all of its neural circuits. Neuroscientists have long been interested in how this complex synaptic web is weaved during development and remodelled during learning and disease. Recent studies hav...
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PMID: 21068831
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We use molecular genetic approaches to map the functional connectivity of a subpopulation of GABA-containing neurons, located in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CEl), which express protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ). Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in amygdala slices and cell-...
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PMID: 21068836
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We report that chronic depolarization results in a reduction of AP180 from hippocampal neurons, while acute depolarization causes a dispersed synaptic distribution of AP180. Activity-induced effects are observed only for AP180, but not for the structurally-related clathrin-assembly proteins CALM, ep...
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PMID: 20937255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (53)2 2010
Abstract
We describe and analyze a neuronal spiking attractor-based model of decision-making that makes predictions about synaptic and neuronal activity, the fMRI BOLD response, and behavioral choice as a function of the easiness of the decision, and thus decision confidence. The spiking network model predic...
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PMID: 20615471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (53)2 2010
Abstract
We propose a biological cortical column model, at an intermediate mesoscopic scale, in order to better understand and interpret biological sources of voltage-sensitive dye imaging signal (VSD signal). To perform a quantitative analysis of the relative contributions to the VSD signal, a detailed comp...
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PMID: 20600993
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have identified a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Ephexin5, which negatively regulates excitatory synapse development until EphrinB binding to the EphB receptor tyrosine kinase triggers Ephexin5 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. The degradation of Ephexin5 promotes EphB-d...
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PMID: 21029865
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Sciences (31)Suppl 2 2010
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by auto-reactive T cells that respond to central nervous system (CNS)-based antigens and affect motor, sensory as well as behavioral and cognitive functions. Cognitive deficits are now considered an early manifestation of the disease in MS pat...
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PMID: 20635112
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurological Sciences (31)Suppl 2 2010
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by auto-reactive T cells that respond to central nervous system (CNS)-based antigens and affect motor, sensory as well as behavioral and cognitive functions. Cognitive deficits are now considered an early manifestation of the disease in MS pat...
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PMID: 20635112
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified differences in mitochondrial properties and function of synaptic vs. nonsynaptic mitochondrial populations in the transgenic mouse brain, which overexpresses the human mutant form of amyloid precursor protein and Aβ. Compared with nonsynaptic mitochondria, synaptic mitochondria showed...
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PMID: 20937894
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that Arc increases spine density and regulates spine morphology by increasing the proportion of thin spines. Furthermore, Arc specifically reduces surface GluR1 internalization at thin spines, and Arc mutants that fail to facilitate AMPAR endocytosis do not increase the proportion of thin s...
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PMID: 20921410
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Psychiatry (15)10 2010
Abstract
We attempted to clarify the function of dysbindin-1 in neuronal development. We examined the developmental change of dysbindin-1 in rat brain by western blotting and found that a 50 kDa isoform is highly expressed during the embryonic stage, whereas a 40 kDa one is detected at postnatal day 11 a...
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PMID: 20531346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons form a circumscribed cell group in the basal infundibulum/median eminence of the human hypothalamus. GHRH from these neurons is released into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulatory system in a...
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PMID: 20673733
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Molecular Interventions (10)5 2010
Abstract
We discuss what determines where and when synapses form, how components of the nascent presynaptic terminal accumulate at the site of synapse formation, and whether assembly occurs via an ordered process dependent on a master organizer. Understanding synapse formation in the central nervous system i...
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PMID: 21045242
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemico-Biological Interactions (187)1-3 2010
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a highly polymorphic enzyme with various splicing variants and molecular isoforms, plays an essential role in the cholinergic neurotransmission by hydrolyzing acetylcholine into choline and acetate. The AChE(T) variant is expressed in the brain and muscle: this subunit f...
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PMID: 20178777
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss the various factors that enhance functional synapse formation in primary and stem cell-derived neuronal cultures. These factors include astrocytes, astrocyte-derived factors, cell adhesion molecules and neurotrophins. We discuss the current literature on studies that have used these facto...
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PMID: 20214556
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuromolecular Medicine (12)3 2010
Abstract
We examined synaptic function in the hippocampus of aged mice deficient for the Parkinson's disease-linked protein, parkin. Surprisingly, heterozygous but not homozygous parkin-deficient mice exhibited impairments in basal excitatory synaptic strength. Similarly heterozygous mice exhibited broad def...
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PMID: 20232175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Behavioural Pharmacology (21)5-6 2010
Abstract
We describe the evidence for impaired glutamate homeostasis as a critical mediator of long-term drug-seeking behaviors, how chronic neuroadaptations in xc(-) and the glutamate transporter, GLT-1, mediate a disruption in glutamate homeostasis, and how targeting these components restores glutamate lev...
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PMID: 20634691
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Molecular Genetics (19)16 2010
Abstract
We have engineered pan-neuronal expression of human TDP-43 protein in Caenorhabditis elegans, with the goal of generating a convenient in vivo model of TDP-43 function and neurotoxicity. Transgenic worms with the neuronal expression of human TDP-43 exhibit an 'uncoordinated' phenotype and have abnor...
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PMID: 20530643
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that excitotoxic lesions of auditory, visual, or olfactory secondary sensory cortices impaired remote, but not recent, fear memories in rats. Amnesia was modality-specific and not due to an interference with sensory or emotional processes. In these sites, memory persistence was dependent on...
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PMID: 20689011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Cell Research (316)14 2010
Abstract
We performed immunohistochemical analyses with a specific antibody to Syn2 and demonstrated predominant expression in the larval and adult central nervous system. To investigate the in vivo functions of Syn2, we have generated Drosophila Syn2 deficiency mutants. Although the Syn2 mutants exhibit no...
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PMID: 20632467
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychopharmacology (35)9 2010
Abstract
We report here that in acute midbrain slices from rats, clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol applied both in vitro and in vivo prevents LTP(GABA), which is reversed, respectively, by in vitro and in vivo administration of naloxone, a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist. Furthermore, the blo...
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PMID: 20393452
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.