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Selenocysteine (0):
Recent article
Selenocysteine
Journal of Biological Chemistry (285)43 2010
Abstract
We report the first three-dimensional structure of the mammalian selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1), determined by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Heteronuclear multidimensional spectra yielded NMR spectral assignments for the reduced form of MsrB1 in which catalytic selenocys...
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PMID: 20605785
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Genetika (Moskva) (46)8 2010
Abstract
The discovery of two nonstandard amino acids, selenocysteine and pyrrolysine, in the genetic code is discussed. These findings have expanded our understanding of the genetic code, since the repertoire of amino acids in the genetic code was supplemented by two novel ones, in addition of the standard...
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PMID: 20873198
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We knocked out the expression of this protein class in T-cells or macrophages of mice by targeting the removal of the selenocysteine tRNA gene using loxP-Cre technology. Mice with selenoprotein-less T-cells manifested reduced pools of mature and functional T-cells in lymphoid tissues and an impairme...
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PMID: 20576203
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (391)7 2010
Abstract
We review the discovery of human SepSecS and the current understanding of the immunogenicity of SLA/LP in autoimmune hepatitis....
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PMID: 20623998
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (49)23 2010
Abstract
The possibility of independently manipulating the affinity and efficacy of pore-blocking ligands of sodium channels is of interest for the development of new drugs for the treatment of pain. The analgesic mu-conotoxin KIIIA (KIIIA), a 16-residue peptide with three disulfide bridges, is a pore blocke...
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PMID: 20459109
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea are a group of strictly anaerobic microorganisms characterized by their strict dependence on the process of methanogenesis for energy conservation. Among the archaea, they are also the only known group synthesizing proteins containing selenocysteine or pyrrolysine. All but one o...
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PMID: 20847933
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A flow injection online speciation procedure by using micro-column packed with Cu(II) loaded nanometer-sized Al(2)O(3) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the separation and determination of selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys(2)) has been developed. Th...
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PMID: 19576438
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FASEB Journal (23)8 2009
Abstract
We particularly investigate whether inactive truncated TrxR is present under selenium-starvation conditions due to reading of the UGA codon as stop. Feeding rats a selenium-deficient diet resulted in a large decrease in activity of TrxR and GPx in rat liver but not in the levels of Trx1 and Grx1. Ho...
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PMID: 19351701
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (48)26 2009
Abstract
We show that the Cys(2) mutant enzyme or the N-terminal reaction center alone can reduce Se-containing substrates selenocystine and selenite with only slightly less activity than the wild-type enzyme, in stark contrast to when Trx is used as the substrate when the enzyme suffers a 175-550-fold reduc...
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PMID: 19366212
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FASEB Journal (23)1 2009
Abstract
We identified an evolutionary conserved GTPase-activating protein, termed GAPsec. We show that the activity of the Drosophila GAPsec (dGAPsec) is necessary to support SECIS-dependent UGA read-through activity in flies and the mouse homolog mGAPsec in mice tissue culture cells. However, selenoprotein...
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PMID: 18772345
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Evolutionary history of selenocysteine incorporation from the perspective of SECIS binding proteins.
Abstract
In this report we present a phylogeny of the eukaryotic SECIS binding protein family which includes SBP2 and a related protein we herein term SBP2L. Here we show that SBP2L is an SBP2 paralogue in vertebrates and is the only form of SECIS binding protein in invertebrate deuterostomes, suggesting a k...
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PMID: 19744324
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We prepared selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) from bovine liver by 4-step chromatography. In the last step of chromatography of hydroxyapatite, we found a protein band of molecular mass 33 kDa on SDS-PAGE, consistent with the pattern of SPS activity that was indirectly manifested by [(75)Se]Sec produ...
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PMID: 17712607
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We also describe the clinical and preclinical studies that have contributed enormously to the knowledge about dose, duration of exposure, and the chemical form of selenium effective in different scenarios. Even though the jury is still out about whether selenium can be used as a chemopreventive agen...
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PMID: 18727008
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Animal Science (86)11 2008
Abstract
The objective was to determine the concentration of total Se and the proportion of total Se comprised as selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) in postmortem tissues of beef cattle offered diets containing graded additions of selenized enriched yeast (SY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I...
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PMID: 18567732
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We verified and generalized the catalytic features that selenocysteine (Sec) and cysteine (Cys) contribute to the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxide using an anaerobic bacterial MsrB from Clostridium sp. OhILA as a model protein. The Sec-containing Clostridium MsrB form exhibited 100-fold higher ac...
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PMID: 18722338
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (47)36 2008
Abstract
The rate constant for the reduction of the tyrosyl radical with selenocysteine has been measured to investigate whether selenocysteine is capable of repair of protein radicals. Tyrosyl radicals, both free in solution and in insulin, were generated by means of pulse radiolysis and laser flash photoly...
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PMID: 18702524
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We generated an IgG1-derived Fc fragment with a C-terminal selenocysteine in yields comparable to conventional monoclonal antibodies and conjugated it to an electrophilic derivative of a peptidomimetic that binds with high affinity and specificity to integrin alpha(4)beta(1). Through this conjugatio...
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PMID: 18719095
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (128)7 2008
Abstract
We purified Sec synthesizing enzymes, such as seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), Sec synthetase (SecS) and selenophosphate synthetase (SePS). I described the procedures to prepare Sec tRNA, SerRS, SecS, SePS and [(75)Se]H(2)Se in detail. We clarified that SecS composed of two proteins, SecSalpha and Sec...
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PMID: 18591866
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
ChemBioChem (9)10 2008
Abstract
These results highlight the challenge of generating Gpx activity in a small, generic protein scaffold, despite the presence of a well-defined glutathione binding site and the intrinsic advantage of selenium over sulfur derivatives....
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PMID: 18548475
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (283)26 2008
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of functional linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of Echinococcus granulosus, the platyhelminth responsible for hydatid disease. The glutathione reductase (GR) activity of TGR exhibited hysteretic behavior regulated by t...
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PMID: 18408002
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) catalyzes the activation of selenide with ATP to synthesize selenophosphate, the reactive selenium donor for biosyntheses of both the 21st amino acid selenocysteine and 2-selenouridine nucleotides in tRNA anticodons. The crystal structure of an N-terminally (25 resid...
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PMID: 18540050
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FASEB Journal (22)6 2008
Abstract
We studied the role of selenoprotein T (SelT), a selenocysteine (Sec) -containing protein with no known function, which we have identified as a novel target gene of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) during PC12 cell differentiation. SelT was found to be ubiq...
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PMID: 18198219
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (47)17 2008
Abstract
We report the semisynthesis of a selenocysteine (Sec) derivative of the human copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase, substituted with Sec at the C-terminal C246 residue. Measurements of hCCS-induced SOD1 activation were used to show that the C-terminal CXC sequence is both necessary and sufficie...
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PMID: 18393442
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Iubmb Life (60)4 2008
Abstract
We discuss the various proteins known to function in eukaryotic selenoprotein biosynthesis, including several players whose roles have only been elucidated very recently....
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PMID: 18344183
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (36)6 2008
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) are the essential substrates for translation. Most aa-tRNAs are formed by direct aminoacylation of tRNA catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. However, a smaller number of aa-tRNAs (Asn-tRNA, Gln-tRNA, Cys-tRNA and Sec-tRNA) are made by synthesizing the amino acid on the...
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PMID: 18252769
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The importance of selenium as an essential trace element is now well recognized. In proteins, the redox-active selenium moiety is incorporated as selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid. In mammals, selenium exerts its redox activities through several selenocysteine-containing enzymes, which inclu...
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PMID: 18327317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A short survey of historic and current methods for the synthesis of selenocysteine, selenocystine, and derivatives and related compounds is presented, with an additional emphasis on the formation of selenocysteine-derived Se-S bridges. The majority of methods to the amino acid starts with protected...
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PMID: 18357547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Selenium-containing amino acids have attracted increasing interest from view points of the importance as active centers of several selenoenzymes, the biological synthesis, the metabolism, and the use for structure determination of proteins. In this article, our recent progresses in the transformatio...
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PMID: 18357559
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Selenoprotein synthesis in Escherichia coli strictly depends on the presence of a specific selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) following the selenocysteine-encoding UGA codon of the respective mRNA. It is recognized by the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor SelB, leading to cotranslatio...
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PMID: 18165360
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (36)4 2008
Abstract
We present the crystal structure of Methanococcus maripaludis SepSecS complexed with PLP at 2.5 A resolution. SepSecS, a member of the Fold Type I PLP enzyme family, forms an (alpha2)2 homotetramer through its N-terminal extension. The active site lies on the dimer interface with each monomer contri...
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PMID: 18158303
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We carried out comparative gene expression analyses for the complete selenoproteome and associated biosynthetic factors. Using the Allen Brain Atlas, we evaluated 159 regions of adult mouse brain and provided experimental analyses of selected selenoproteins. All 24 selenoprotein mRNAs were expressed...
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PMID: 18032379
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We generated a conditional knock-out mouse for the tRNA(Sec) gene (Trsp). Deletion of Trsp in either macrophages or liver elevated oxidative stress and activated the transcriptional induction of cytoprotective antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes, including glutathione S-transferase P1 and NA...
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PMID: 18039655
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Selenium is an essential dietary component for animals including humans, and there is increasing evidence for the efficacy of certain forms of selenium as cancer-chemopreventive compounds. In addition, selenium appears to have a protective effect at various stages of carcinogenesis including both th...
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PMID: 17588734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Genome Biology (9)3 2008
Abstract
Here, we report that the amino-terminal domain of SelP is distantly related to ancestral bacterial thiol oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin superfamily, and that its carboxy-terminal Se transport domain may have originated in early metazoan evolution by de novo accumulation of Sec residues. Reconstr...
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PMID: 18377657
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the screening of cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase activity in bacterial species that are implicated in the bio-activation of sulfur- and selenocysteine derivatives. We screened a range of bacterial species commonly found in the human intestine for beta-lyase activity on Se-p-methoxybenzyl...
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PMID: 19326339
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Hypotheses (70)5 2008
Abstract
Mevalonic aciduria belongs to a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders related to cholesterol biosynthesis. The pathogenesis of mevalonic aciduria is not clear, although the cause is known - a genetic defect leading to a deficiency in mevalonate kinase activity. The lack of non-steroid isopreno...
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PMID: 18037572
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (36)1 2008
Abstract
We focused our studies on SEPN1, a selenoprotein gene whose mutations entail genetic disorders resulting in different forms of muscular diseases. Selective correction of a nonsense mutation at the Sec codon (UGA to UAA) was undertaken with a corrector tRNA(Sec) that was engineered to harbor a compen...
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PMID: 18025044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of either dietary Se source or dose on the Se status of horses. Twenty-five mature horses were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to 1 of 5 dietary treatments that comprised the same basal diet that differed only in Se source or dose. Treatments we...
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PMID: 18791154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (282)51 2007
Abstract
We individually cloned 27-nucleotide-long fragments representing each UGA codon context into a luciferase reporter construct harboring both Sel P SECIS elements. Significant differences, spanning an 8-fold range of UGA readthrough efficiency, were observed, but these differences were dramatically re...
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PMID: 17954931
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (282)51 2007
Abstract
We report the solution structure of the Sec13-->Cys variant of mouse SelW determined through high resolution NMR spectroscopy. The protein has a thioredoxin-like fold with the CXXU motif located in an exposed loop similarly to the redox-active site in thioredoxin. Protein dynamics studies revealed t...
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PMID: 17928294
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used comparative genomics and experimental analyses to show that (1) eukaryotes and archaea, which possess the selenocysteine (Sec) protein insertion machinery contain an enzyme, O-phosphoseryl-transfer RNA (tRNA) [Ser]Sec kinase (designated PSTK), which phosphorylates seryl-tRNA [Ser]Sec to form...
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PMID: 17916946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (282)48 2007
Abstract
We demonstrate that a naturally occurring mutation in SBP2, which correlates with abnormal thyroid hormone function in humans, lies within a novel, bipartite RNA-binding domain. This mutation alters the RNA binding affinity of SBP2 such that it no longer stably interacts with a subset of SECIS eleme...
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PMID: 17901054
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present the structure of the SECIS from the thermophilic organism Moorella thermoacetica (SECIS-MT) determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The SECIS-MT hairpin structure contains a pentaloop with the first and fourth nucleotides of the loop forming a noncanonical GC base...
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PMID: 17901155
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (26)21 2007
Abstract
We have reconstructed a Candida genetic code alteration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used a combination of DNA microarrays, proteomics and genetics approaches to evaluate its impact on gene expression, adaptation and sexual reproduction. This genetic manipulation blocked mating, locked yeast in a...
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PMID: 17932489
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (26)20 2007
Abstract
We show that ablation of cytosolic eEF1a, but not of initiation factor 2, inhibits mitochondrial import of newly synthesized tRNAs well before translation or growth is affected. tRNA(Sec) is the only other cytosol-specific tRNA in T. brucei. It has its own elongation factor and does not bind eEF1a....
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PMID: 17853889
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (282)42 2007
Abstract
We prepared it by a new route involving selenocysteine-mediated native chemical ligation. High resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the identity of the reaction product, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that 15SeP assumes a random coil conf...
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PMID: 17724019
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Acta Crystallographica Section D (63)Pt 10 2007
Abstract
The crystal structure of the first two winged-helix motifs of translation elongation factor SelB from Moorella thermoacetica has been determined at 1.1 A resolution. Compared with the previous structure of the two domains in conjunction with winged-helix modules 3 and 4, the first winged-helix domai...
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PMID: 17881825
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (388)10 2007
Abstract
What makes selenoenzymes--seen from a chemist's view--so special that they cannot be substituted by just more analogous or adapted sulfur proteins? This review compiles and compares physicochemical properties of selenium and sulfur, synthetic routes to selenocysteine (Sec) and its peptides, and comp...
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PMID: 17937613
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (388)10 2007
Abstract
In selenocysteine (Sec, U)-containing proteins the selenenylsulfide bridge and its reduced thiol-selenol counterpart are usually the significant species. An important role for serine as flanking amino acid in the redox potential of S-S and S-Se bridges was proposed for some thioredoxin reductases. T...
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PMID: 17937624
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (388)10 2007
Abstract
We describe a rapid-kinetics approach to study the mechanism of selenocysteine insertion into proteins on the ribosome. Labeling of SelB, Sec-tRNASec and other components of the translational machinery allows direct observation of the formation or dissociation of complexes by monitoring changes in t...
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PMID: 17937620
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified a family of selenoproteins, designated SelL, containing two Sec separated by two other residues to form a UxxU motif. SelL proteins show an unusual occurrence, being present in diverse aquatic organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and marine bacteria. Both eukaryotic and bacterial...
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PMID: 17715293
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
These results provide evidence that the SBP2-ribosome interaction is essential for Sec incorporation....
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PMID: 17636016
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The importance of the trace element selenium for human health is well established. Selenium plays a central role in the formation of selenocysteine, a modified amino acid located in the catalytic center of selenoenzymes. The crucial role of selenium in these enzymes revolves around the maintenance o...
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PMID: 17627581
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have modified an experimentally tractable in vitro translation system that recapitulates efficient selenocysteine insertion. The results presented here illustrate that the SRE element has a stimulatory effect on decoding of the UGA-Sec codon by both the methylated and unmethylated isoforms of Sec...
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PMID: 17456565
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report identification of a noncanonical form of SECIS element in Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora canine, single-celled apicomplexan parasites of humans and domestic animals. This SECIS has a GGGA sequence in the SBP2-binding site in place of AUGA previously considered invariant. Using a combinatio...
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PMID: 17470795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.