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Geological Phenomena (7):
Recent article
Geological Phenomena
Abstract
The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-ri...
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PMID: 21998386
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
In January 1958, a survey of alpine flora was conducted along a recently constructed access road across the upper volcanic slopes of Mauna Loa, Hawaii (2525-3397 m). Only five native Hawaiian species were encountered on sparsely vegetated historic and prehistoric lava flows adjacent to the roadway. A...
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PMID: 21618930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aggregata bathytherma sp. nov. is described from the digestive tract of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, a deep-sea octopus recently discovered associated with hydrothermal vents in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Oocysts typically are spherical in shape, sometimes irregular, 163 to 356 microm in length,...
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PMID: 21133323
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were performed in discretely fractured sandstone blocks to evaluate the use of bioaugmentation to treat residual dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) tetrachloroethene (PCE). Significant dechlorination of PCE and growth of Dehalococcoides spp. (DHC) occurred within the fract...
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PMID: 20524648
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study deals with the implications of depletion of groundwater levels in three layered aquifers and its management to optimize the supply demand in the urban settlement near Kahota Industrial Triangle area, located adjacent to the Soan River, Islamabad Pakistan. Initially, a groundwater 3-D stea...
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PMID: 19468848
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Marine Biotechnology (12)3 2010
Abstract
We investigated microorganisms associated with a deep-sea sponge, Characella sp. (Pachastrellidae) collected at a hydrothermal vent site (686 m depth) in the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Island chain, Japan, and with two sponges, Pachastrella sp. (Pachastrellidae) and an unidentified Poecilosclerida sp...
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PMID: 20221658
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We seek a quantitative relationship between the geometry of conical stromatolites and the biophysical processes that control their growth. We note that all modern conical stromatolites and many that formed in the last 2.8 billion years display a characteristic centimeter-scale spacing between neighb...
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PMID: 20479268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined female life-history traits in the Mexican livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana from a variety of benign surface habitats, a creek with naturally occurring toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a sulfidic cave, and a non-sulfidic cave. Previous studies revealed pronounced genetic and morphological...
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PMID: 20503881
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Health Physics (98) 2010
Abstract
The activity concentration of terrestrial (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and anthropogenic gamma-emitting radionuclide (137Cs) have been analyzed in 48 soil samples collected from Gilgit, a famous city for mountaineers and tourists in northern Pakistan, at an average altitude of 1,550 m, using gamma-ray sp...
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PMID: 20386195
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the geological, geochronological, geomorphological, and faunal context of the Malapa site and the fossils of Australopithecus sediba. The hominins occur with a macrofauna assemblage that existed in Africa between 2.36 and 1.50 million years ago (Ma). The fossils are encased in water-laid...
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PMID: 20378812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Shallow-water hydrothermal activity is widely present at Azores archipelago. Organisms in such environments present great potential as sentinels of the effects derived from chronically exposure to increased temperature, metal concentrations and reduced pH. This study aimed to evaluate metal concentr...
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PMID: 20042204
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I report on the first indication that the environmental concentration of total arsenic in topsoils - in the 7-18ppm range - is exponentially related to the prevalence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in European countries. This evidence defies the imputed absence of verified...
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PMID: 20123147
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The distribution of major phosphate deposits in the Precambrian sedimentary rock record is restricted to periods that witnessed global biogeochemical changes, but the cause of this distribution is unclear. The oldest known phosphogenic event occurred around 2.0 Ga and was followed, after more than 1...
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PMID: 20105035
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I investigate the role of palaeontology within Darwin's works through an analysis of the two chapters of The Origin of Species most especially devoted to this science. Palaeontology may occupy several places within the structure of the argumentative logic of Darwinism, but these places have remained...
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PMID: 20338523
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Se is essential to human and animal health but can be toxic in excess. An interest in its geochemistry has developed alongside a greater understanding of its function in a number of health conditions. Geology exerts a strong control on the Se status of the surface environment; low-Se rock-types (0.0...
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PMID: 19968907
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Based on the data collected in five marine expeditions of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute from 2002 through 2007, the spatial and temporary variability of benthic communities in the Central Depression of the Barents Sea (licensed plot of the Shtokmanovskoe condensed gas deposit) has been an...
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PMID: 21080520
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Environmental Biology (31)1-2 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the plant distribution and the altitude-shape-size characteristics of sinkholes, and the landform characteristics inside sinkholes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Block kriging, Factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and Detren...
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PMID: 20648813
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Water Science & Technology (62)10 2010
Abstract
Use of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) has rapidly increased in Australia, USA, and Europe in recent years as an efficient means of recycling stormwater or treated sewage effluent for non-potable and indirect potable reuse in urban and rural areas. Yet aquifers have been relied on knowingly for water...
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PMID: 21076220
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A probable mechanism of effect of processes occurring in the Earth's crust on evolution of photosynthesis is considered. According to the hypothesis, this effect is realized through entrance to the Earth's atmosphere of carbon dioxide that stimulates photosynthesis. Supply of CO2 is irregular and is...
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PMID: 20583589
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ground Water (48)4 2010
Abstract
We extend Bouwer and Rice (1976) slug test theory to incorporate background head trends that may be important in incompressible material of low permeability k. The extension, which features a convolution integral of the background head, is closed form for linear trends. A sensitivity study suggests...
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PMID: 20456502
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sediments containing Ardipithecus ramidus were deposited 4.4 million years ago on an alluvial floodplain in Ethiopia's western Afar rift. The Lower Aramis Member hominid-bearing unit, now exposed across a > 9-kilometer structural arc, is sandwiched between two volcanic tuffs that have nearly identic...
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PMID: 19810191
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We shared with chimpanzees has therefore remained unclear. Ardipithecus ramidus, recovered in ecologically and temporally resolved contexts in Ethiopia's Afar Rift, now illuminates earlier hominid paleobiology and aspects of extant African ape evolution. More than 110 specimens recovered from 4.4-mi...
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PMID: 19810190
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted the first long-term field based in situ diffusion experimentto compare the effect of experimental scale (5 x 10(-5) m3 in the diffusion cells and (5-20) x 10(-2) m3 in the in situ experiments) on De values for clay-rich aquitards. Using a conservative tracer (deuterium), our testing sho...
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PMID: 19764242
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a minimally invasive geophysical technique to monitor stimulated microbial activity during acetate amendment in an aquifer near Rifle, Colorado. During electrical induced polarization (IP) measurements, spatiotemporal variations in the phase response between imposed electri...
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PMID: 19764240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We know, this is the first report that the zonal characterstics of mineral elemental concentractions in brown rice are associated with a lot of factors, such as biodiversity center, enrichment zone of minal resources, origin of life, mountain ranges and rivers and so on, and further it was deduced t...
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PMID: 19810562
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We develop a general model to determine the maximum theoretical constraints on both storage potential and injection rate and use it to characterize the economic viability of geosequestration in sandstone saline aquifers. When applied to a representative set of aquifer characteristics, the model yiel...
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PMID: 19368199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dense nonaqueous phase liquid architecture and dissolution in discretely fractured sandstone blocks.
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were performed in discretely fractured sandstone blocks to evaluate residual dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) architecture and dissolution. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) DNAPL residual saturations (DNAPL volume/ fracture volume) ranged between 0.18 and 0.52 for the rocks studie...
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PMID: 19368186
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban (20)3 2009
Abstract
By the method of sample trees stem analysis, this paper studied the growth process and diameter structure of 21-year-old Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations with the densities of 1200, 1500, and 2000 stems x hm(-2) in the head-water area on the southern slope of Liupan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Au...
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PMID: 19637582
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Spatial distribution is one of the main parameters of populations of soil animals. Spatial soil ecology having been developing during last decades bases animal distribution estimates on the geostatistic approach. A simple principle underlying the latter's methodology is that samples placed close to...
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PMID: 20063770
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Environmental Science (29)12 2008
Abstract
One hundred and eighteen surface soil samples were collected from the Dongguan City, and analyzed for concentration of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, pH and OM. The spatial distribution and sources of soil heavy metals were studied using multivariate geostatistical methods and GIS technique. The re...
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PMID: 19256391
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A simulated clandestine shallow grave was created within a heterogeneous, made-ground, urban environment where a clothed, plastic resin, human skeleton, animal products, and physiological saline were placed in anatomically correct positions and re-covered to ground level. A series of repeat (time-la...
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PMID: 18808369
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compile data for the region, first examining colonization (some lineages dispersed from the west, others from the east). Within archipelagos, blackflies (Simulium) provide the best example of adaptive radiation in the Societies, though a similar radiation occurs in weevils (Rhyncogonus). Both lin...
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PMID: 18782725
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
New Caledonia has generally been considered a continental island, the biota of which largely dates back to Gondwanan times owing to its geological origin and the presence of phylogenetic relicts. This view is contradicted by geological evidence indicating long Palaeocene and Eocene submersions and b...
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PMID: 18765357
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The 2005 Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) project conducted a simulated 1-month Mars drilling mission in the Río Tinto district, Spain. Dry robotic drilling, core sampling, and biological and geological analytical technologies were collectively tested for the first time...
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PMID: 19105757
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Naturwissenschaften (95)9 2008
Abstract
We propose that the carbonate shells were initially infilled by calcite and iron sulfides and sphalerite subsequently replaced the calcite casts. Preferential occurrence of ZnS in gastropods could result from accumulation of higher concentration of zinc during the organisms' life. After death, this...
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PMID: 18504534
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The increasing demand for fresh water has necessitated the exploration for new sources of groundwater, particularly in hard rock terrain, where groundwater is a vital source of fresh water. A fast, cost effective and economical way of exploration is to study and analyze remote sensing data. Interpre...
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PMID: 17719168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The atmosphere has apparently been oxygenated since the 'Great Oxidation Event' ca 2.4 Ga ago, but when the photosynthetic oxygen production began is debatable. However, geological and geochemical evidence from older sedimentary rocks indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved well before this o...
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PMID: 18468984
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Hazardous Materials (156)1-3 2008
Abstract
We have: (a) characterized both (PR) and (APR) using different techniques (XRD, IR) and analyses (EDAX, BET-N(2)); and, (b) qualified and quantified the interaction of Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) with these sorbents through batch experiments. Initial uptake of these metal ions increases with t...
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PMID: 18242833
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the discovery of exceptionally well preserved fossils of lacustrine and terrestrial organisms from the McMurdo Dry Valleys sector of the Transantarctic Mountains for which we have established a precise radiometric chronology. The fossils, which include diatoms, palynomorphs, mosses, ostrac...
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PMID: 18678903
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Conservation Biology (22)4 2008
Abstract
We merged these separate efforts into unified classifications of threats and actions, which we present here. Each classification is a hierarchical listing of terms and associated definitions. The classifications are comprehensive and exclusive at the upper levels of the hierarchy, expandable at the...
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PMID: 18544093
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study expands the phylogenetic diversity of Epsilonproteobacteria using the 16S rRNA gene framework. Of the 73 lineages defined by sequence similarities at or greater than 99%, most were found at only one site. In contrast, eight lineages were retrieved from sites spanning geographic distances...
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PMID: 18539784
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We know that the natural composition of elements in our environment (in the bedrock, soils, water, and vegetation) may be the major cause of enrichment or depletion in these elements and may become a direct risk to human health. Similarly, anthropogenic activities such as mining and mineral processe...
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PMID: 18365754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural activities often impose significant pressures to the groundwater quality and consequently degrade wetland ecosystems that depend mostly on subsurface water flow. Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping is a widely used approach to assess the natural protection of aquif...
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PMID: 17499908
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (15)Pt 4 2008
Abstract
For the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and future Shanghai Free-Electron Laser projects, ground vibration is an important factor and, in order to attenuate it, the construction of a deep tunnel is under consideration. This paper concentrates on the investigation of ground vibration a...
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PMID: 18552426
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Analyses of molecular phylogenies of three unrelated tropical marine gastropod genera, Turbo, Echinolittorina, and Conus, reveal an increase in the rate of cladogenesis of some Indo-West Pacific (IWP) clades beginning in the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene between 23.7 and 21.0 million years ago. In...
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PMID: 18410535
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compare various selection methods to establish NBLs using groundwater quality data for four hydrogeologically different areas in the highly populated and developed subcatchment Western River Rhine, The Netherlands: selection of old groundwater (before 1945), of tritium-free groundwater (i.e., inf...
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PMID: 18678018
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Jaeger et al. (Reports, 21 September 2007, p. 1709) presented images of the Athabasca Valles channel system on Mars and asserted that the observed deposits are composed of thin, fluid lavas. However, all the features they described are secondary and postdate the surface by many millions of years, as...
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PMID: 18566267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Hazardous Materials (154)1-3 2008
Abstract
We describe research carried out on oxide samples from the western dump of the Sarcheshmeh copper mine. Each sample was split into two parts and a portion of each was exposed to heap-leaching conditions in a column. Subsequently, polished sections, thin sections, and powdered samples were subjected...
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PMID: 18096317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper presents results for matched field Bayesian geoacoustic inversion of multitonal continuous wave data collected on the New Jersey continental shelf. To account for effects of significant spatial and temporal variation of the water column sound speed, the sound speed profile was represented...
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PMID: 18537303
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effect of ocean sound speed uncertainty on matched-field geoacoustic inversion is investigated using data from the SW06 experiment along a nearly range-independent bathymetric track. Significant sound speed differences were observed at the source and receiving array and several environmental par...
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PMID: 18537304
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
ISME Journal (2)6 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Although, according to European legislation the use of Asbestos Containing Materials is forbidden, many buildings in Greece still contain asbestos products, which must be removed at some point in the near future. Therefore, suitable disposal sites must be found within Greece, so that the unverified...
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PMID: 18029091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Aguadulce aquifer unit in southeastern Spain is a complex hydrogeological system because of the varied lithology of the aquifer strata and the variability of the processes that can take place within the unit. Factorial analysis of the data allowed the number of variables to be reduced to 3 facto...
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PMID: 18686503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (98)1-2 2008
Abstract
Karst aquifers display a range of geologic and geomorphic characteristics in a wide range of climatic and land-use settings; identification of transport dynamics representative of karst aquifers in general could help advance our understanding of these complex systems. To this end, nutrient, turbidit...
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PMID: 18423785
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.