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Hardness Tests (0):
Recent article
Hardness Tests
Abstract
A finite element model was developed for numerical simulations of nanoindentation tests on cortical bone. The model allows for anisotropic elastic and post-yield behavior of the tissue. The material model for the post-yield behavior was obtained through a suitable linear transformation of the stress...
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PMID: 20670057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
The fracture of bone due to indentation with a hard, sharp object is of significance in surgical procedures and certain trauma situations. In the study described below, the fracture of bovine bone under indentation was measured experimentally and predicted using the theory of critical distances (TCD...
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PMID: 20670058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
EBM (Electron Beam Melting) technology can be used successfully to obtain cellular solids in metallic biomaterials that can greatly increase osseointegration in arthroprothesis and at the same time maintain good mechanical properties. The investigated structures, called Trabecular Titanium, usually...
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PMID: 20416551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Waste Management (30)4 2010
Abstract
In this project concrete mixtures were prepared that were characterized by low ductility due to desiccation by using debris from building demolition, which after a suitable treatment was used as aggregate for partial replacement of natural aggregates. The recycled aggregate used came from a recyclin...
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PMID: 20022737
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive capacity of fermented milk beverages, as well as some of their properties that affect the demineralization of dental enamel (pH, buffering capacity, fluoride, calcium and phosphorus contents). Three different batches of 6 commercial brands o...
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PMID: 20339721
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Acrylic resins have been widely used due to their acceptable esthetics and desirable characteristics such as easy handling, good thermal conductivity, low permeability to oral fluids and color stability. Flexible resins were introduced on the market as an alternative to the use of conventional acryl...
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PMID: 20339724
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study optimizes the composition of an effervescent floating tablet (EFT) containing metformin hydrochloride (M) regarding tablet hardness (H), time to dissolve 60% of the embedded drug (t60%), and buoyancy, the floating lag time (FLT). A simplex lattice experimental design has been used compris...
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PMID: 20225651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different parameters of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation on enamel mineral loss in a simulated caries model. Forty-five enamel samples obtained from third molar teeth (3 mmx 3 mm) were randomly divided...
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PMID: 18787759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study was designed to study drug release retardant property of myrrh oleo-gum resin from tablets prepared by direct compression method (without binding agent). The tablets were evaluated for various physical tests viz. hardness, friability, tensile strength and drug content. Accelerated...
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PMID: 20524434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brazilian Dental Journal (21)2 2010
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of ceramic compositions on Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) immediately and 24 h after polymerization and the effect of activation modes on the KHN of a resin cement. Ten Panavia F 2.0 resin cement discs were activated either directly using curing light, or chemicall...
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PMID: 20640355
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study examined the effect of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the surface microhardness of micro-particulate feldspathic ceramics (VM7 and VM13, Vita Zahnfabrik). Forty specimens (8-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness) were divided into four groups (n=10): GI-VM7 + 10% Whiteness, G2-V...
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PMID: 21053678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Polymerization of indirect resin composites (IRC) is carried out in the 'laboratories using special photo-polymerization devices to achieve a higher degree of conversion (DC). Such devices present variation in chambers and light output which may have consequences on the chemical and physical propert...
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PMID: 21053686
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of five home bleaching products containing 15-16% carbamide peroxide on the microhardness of microhybrid composite resin Z-250 (3M/Espe). A total of 72 specimens were fabricated in cylindrical acrylic matrices (4 x 2 mm), filled with composite re...
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PMID: 20645639
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Microhardness and morphological changes induced by Nd:Yag laser on dental enamel: an in vitro study.
Abstract
The aim of this work was a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of the hardness and morphological changes of enamel irradiated by neodymium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with different energy levels. Twenty-eight human teeth samples were divided into 4 groups: control, where enam...
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PMID: 20567068
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the drug distribution in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) loaded with alendronate sodium (ALN), which was developed to treat particle-induced osteolysis after artificial joint replacements, since the drug distribution in UHMWPE could play a k...
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PMID: 19966382
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The practical experimental results from the formulation processed in optimal working conditions were close to the predicted ones by Modde 6.0 software....
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PMID: 19353417
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results show that there is a gradient of stiffness from the superficial zones of the insertion close to the ligamentous attachment into the deeper zones of the bone. This information will be useful in the continued development of successful meniscal replacements and understanding of fixation o...
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PMID: 19627840
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nanotechnology (20)19 2009
Abstract
Dipalmitoylphosphatic acid was chosen as a model to interpret how molecules physically adsorbed upon glass responded to an infinitesimal oscillation force at the surface contact level. Oscillation of a nano-indentation tip toward the phospholipid layers was driven by a dynamic contact module at a co...
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PMID: 19420646
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an inverse finite-element modeling framework for constitutive modeling and parameter estimation of soft tissues using full-field volumetric deformation data obtained from 3D ultrasound. The finite-element model is coupled to full-field visual measurements by regularization springs attache...
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PMID: 19627823
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biomedical Microdevices (11)2 2009
Abstract
This paper reports a monolithic, force-feedback MEMS (microelectomechanical systems) microgripper and its application to micro-scale compression testing of swollen hydrogel microcapsules at wet state during manipulation. The single-chip microgripper integrates an electrothermal microactuator and two...
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PMID: 19015993
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine (223)3 2009
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have been increasingly used for investigating the mechanical properties of articular cartilage. According to the previous studies reporting the microscale Young's modulus under AFM indentation tests, the Hertz contact model has been employed with a sharp coni...
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PMID: 19405439
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Quantification analysis with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy typically requires utilizing chemometric techniques, such as partial least squares (PLS) method, to achieve the desired selectivity. This article points out a major limitation of these statistical-based calibration methods. The limitation...
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PMID: 18702120
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is commonly employed for the analysis of chemical and physical attributes of intact pharmaceutical compacts. Specifically, NIRS has proven useful in the nondestructive measurement of tablet hardness or crushing strength. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and transmitt...
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PMID: 18623193
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Carbohydrate Research (344)3 2009
Abstract
This work focuses on the effect of annealing and pressure on microstructures of starch, in particular the crystal structure and crystallinity to further explore the mechanisms of annealing and pressure treatment. Cornstarches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios were used as model materials. Si...
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PMID: 19108818
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In order to probe dynamical properties of mesoscopic soft matter systems such as polymers, structured liquid, etc., a new atomic force microscopy apparatus with a wide-band magnetic cantilever excitation system was developed. Constant-current driving of an electromagnet up to 1 MHz was implemented w...
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PMID: 19256651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A method for fitting parameters in a poroviscoelastic (PVE) model of articular cartilage in the mouse is presented. Indentation is performed using two different sized indenters and then these data are fitted using a PVE finite element program and parameter extraction algorithm. Data from a smaller i...
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PMID: 19045920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine (223)1 2009
Abstract
This paper is a sequel to previously published findings showing that mechanical indentation alone cannot clearly discriminate between normal and degraded articular cartilage. Consequently, the structural elasticity potential Rc = epsilon r/sigma i, which combines indentation stress sigma i with near...
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PMID: 19239067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
AAPS PharmSciTech (10)4 2009
Abstract
For a drug with low bioavailability, a matrix tablet with liquid permeation enhancer (Labrasol) was formulated. Factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of three formulation factors: drug percentage, polymer type (Methocel K100M or Eudragit L 100-55), and tablet binder percen...
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PMID: 19957114
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this study, the effects of sodium carbonate (Na(2)CO(3) ) solution with different concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) as liquid phase on the setting time and compressive strength of tricalcium silicate bone cements are investigated. The in vitro bioactivity and degradability of the resultant...
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PMID: 18667460
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The ability to assess the risk of fracture, evaluate new therapies, predict implant success and assess the influence of bone remodeling disorders requires specific measurement of local bone micromechanical properties. Nanoindentation is an established tool for assessing the micromechanical propertie...
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PMID: 18085652
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our research suggested that the Ti-40Zr alloy has better mechanical properties, excellent elastic recovery capability and improved grindability at low grinding speed. The Ti-40Zr alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy....
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PMID: 18437533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Lithium disilicate, leucite and apatite glass-ceramics have become state-of-the-art framework materials in the fabrication of all-ceramic dental restorative materials. The goal of this study was to examine the crack propagation behaviour of these three known glass-ceramic materials a...
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PMID: 19627796
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report a 20-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance T1 relaxation study of cement paste hydration in the early stages of setting, using different centimeter-sized samples of cements of various origins and different water-to-cement ratios. In every sample, during the first few minutes of hydration,...
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PMID: 18565711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
For physical defect detection in drug tablets, a non-destructive and non-contact technique based on air coupled excitation and interferometric detection is presented. Physical properties and mechanical integrity of drug tablets can often affect their therapeutic and structural functions. The monitor...
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PMID: 18502061
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the present study, the Raman spectroscopy technique was used as a non-invasive, rapid analytical method for measuring the crushing strength of tablets. The compressed tablets were individually detected, using Raman spectroscopy, and the respective crushing strength values were measured, using a t...
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PMID: 18513899
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Analysis of variance according to a split-plot model showed no difference among the cavity preparation techniques, among distances, or among depths, as well as no difference in the interaction between the factors of cavity preparation and distance. A significant difference was found in the interacti...
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PMID: 18665763
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Polyol sugars, displaying a plurality of hydroxyl groups, were shown to modulate tetrahydroxyborate (borate) cross-linking in lidocaine hydrochloride containing poly(vinyl alcohol) semi-solid hydrogels. Without polyol, demixing of borate cross-linked PVA hydrogels into two distinct phases was notice...
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PMID: 18417328
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation has become an important technique for quantifying the mechanical properties of live cells at nanoscale. However, determination of cell elasticity modulus from the force-displacement curves measured in the AFM indentations is not a trivial task. The present w...
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PMID: 18365186
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Rheumatology (47)7 2008
Abstract
Increases in hardness and elasticity as well as shortening of relaxation time constitute objective characteristics of skin involvement in SSc. The system devised by us proved to be able to assess skin abnormalities of SSc with high reliability....
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PMID: 18440998
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Angle Orthodontist (78)4 2008
Abstract
SEM and TEM images illustrated great diversity of the adhesives ultrastructure. The Vickers hardness test showed significant differences among all the adhesives (except Transbond XT and Salivatect). Although some similar elements were detected with EDX, the concentration was different in each adhesi...
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PMID: 18302464
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Film coating fluids commonly contain different pigments. The objective of this work was a study of the distribution of these particles in the coating film. Different pretreatment forms (pigment suspension, pigment paste and untreated pigments) were applied. They were incorporated into a Eudragit L 3...
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PMID: 18717485
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hydrogel-based microspheres are commonly used for drug and cell delivery in regenerative medicine. Characterization of their physical and mechanical properties is important in monitoring their quality during fabrication and in predicting their performance upon injection. However, existing methods ha...
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PMID: 18454315
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I with the self-emulsifying system internally and the inert matrix externally, whereas type II vice versa. The pellets were characterized for sizing and shape, density, hardness, in vitro dissolution and disintegration and released droplets size and in vivo tests. Although both types of pellets demo...
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PMID: 18191390
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effect of roller compaction pressure on the bulk compaction of roller compacted ibuprofen was investigated using instrumented rotary tablet press. Three different roller pressures were utilized to prepare granules and Heckel analysis, Walker analysis, compressibility, and tabletability were perf...
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PMID: 18280716
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (366)1870 2008
Abstract
These results have led to promising prototypes of nanoelectromechanical devices such as high-performance nanomotors, switches and oscillators based on carbon nanotubes....
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PMID: 18192169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Fabrication of biphasic calcium phosphates/polycaprolactone composites by melt infiltration process.
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of material properties of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composites, which were obtained by melt infiltration of PCL using porous BCP bodies, were investigated. Using 70 vol.% of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder as a pore-forming agent,...
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PMID: 18049877
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There is a growing interest in metal-on-metal bearing surfaces for orthopedic implants. Although some success has been achieved in applications like hip implants which involve a large contact area, non-conforming joints, such as knees, have proved more difficult. The current work examines the applic...
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PMID: 17990083
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pharmaceutical Research (25)5 2008
Abstract
The matrix tablet formulations displayed significantly different in vitro release profiles (F (2) < 50), with time to 80% release for formulation A and B of 406 and 987 min respectively. Complete in vivo disintegration occurred at 339 +/- 181 and 229 +/- 171 for formulation A and B respectively in t...
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PMID: 17917709
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We carried out a study to examine the mechanical characteristics and antibiotic elution of Schering-Plough Palacos, Heraeus Palacos and Depuy CMW Smartset bone cements. Both Heraeus Palacos and Smartset bone cements performed significantly better than Schering-Plough Palacos in terms of mechanical c...
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PMID: 18450633
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Single crystals of gamma-glycine were grown from a mixture of glycine, water and lithium bromide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the growth of gamma-glycine phase. Presence of various functional groups of gamma-glycine was identified by FTIR spectrum. Optical absorbance spectrum...
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PMID: 17689138
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine (222)3 2008
Abstract
Success of total knee replacement (TKR) depends on the prosthetic design. Aseptic loosening of the femoral component is a significant failure mode that has received little attention. Despite the clinical relevance of failures, no protocol is available to test long-term implant-bone fixation of TKR i...
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PMID: 18491701
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine (222)3 2008
Abstract
Self-hardened calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite and possesses excellent osteoconductivity. However, lack of macroporosity and low strength constrain its application in bone tissue engineering. Recent studies have incorporated various fibres into CPC to improve its mechanical...
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PMID: 18491703
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The goals of this study were to measure tissue-level elastic moduli and hardness of human cancellous bone using nanoindentation, and determine the relationship between nanoindentation results and previously measured bone histomorphometric variables and bone mineralization. Forty iliac crest biopsies...
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PMID: 17696151
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to characterize fresh porcine menisci and develop a decellularization protocol with a view to the generation of a biocompatible and biomechanically functional scaffold for use in tissue engineering/regeneration of the meniscus. Menisci were decellularized by exposin...
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PMID: 18370607
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An adapted tensile stress methodology for the fracture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) tablets has been investigated and implemented. The application of the generally applied linear elastic fracture mechanic (LEFM) parameters used to describe the fracture behaviour of these porous systems has be...
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PMID: 17889465
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We obtained the steady-state values for in-plane moduli as approximately 17.4 MPa and approximately 19.0 MPa for posterior and anterior portions of TM samples, respectively, and the value for through-thickness modulus as approximately 6.0 MPa for both posterior and anterior TM samples. Using this te...
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PMID: 18298192
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that above a certain energy density threshold, the power density may not significantly influence the polymerization kinetics....
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PMID: 18186736
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of the titanium anodic films (TiO2) produced by anodic oxidation under galvanostatic conditions, using a 1.4M phosphoric acid electrolyte, with different current densities (J) on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). The morphology of t...
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PMID: 17671975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized the heterogeneous anisotropic elastic properties of mandibular bone in an adult female specimen of Macaca fascicularis using the technique of microindentation. This approach used an indenter of known mass and geometry to sample bone hardness at a spatial resolution in the order of 1...
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PMID: 18058791
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
All treatments were able to decrease mineral loss, and the inhibition of demineralization progression ranged from 48% to 60%. CONCLUSION: The 10.6 microm CO2 laser irradiation alone or combined with fluoridated products reduced demineralization progression in enamel. However, there was no significan...
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PMID: 18264533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.