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Physical Processes (16):
Recent article
Physical Processes
Abstract
To design and optimize trajectory-based, noncoplanar subarcs for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) deliverable on both Varian TrueBEAM system and traditional accelerators; and to investigate their potential advantages for treating central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
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PMID: 21377811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Isolated photosynthetic materials have a relatively short active life time that limits their effective use. To circumvent this limitation, various immobilization techniques have been designed to improve their stability both under storage and working conditions. The immobilization methods are identif...
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PMID: 20960134
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Recently, micro-fibrous polyethylene terephthalate nonwovens have been investigated and applied in many biotechnological and biomedical applications. NaOH treatment has been used as a simple and cost effective method to alter surface properties, in order to overcome their surface ine...
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PMID: 20826363
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1800)8 2010
Abstract
More uniform core sizes are obtained with the homopolymer human H-chain ferritin than with the heteropolymer horse spleen HoSF protein in which subpopulations of HoSF molecules with varying iron content are observed. A binomial probability distribution of H- and L-subunits among protein shells quali...
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PMID: 20307627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously showed the feasibility of using locked nucleic acid (LNA) for flow cytometric-fluorescence in situ hybridization (LNA flow-FISH) detection of a target cellular mRNA. Here we demonstrate how the method can be used to monitor viral RNA in infected cells. We compared the results of the LN...
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PMID: 20584898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Letters (35)14 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for high-speed thermometry in unsteady high-temperature flames, including successful comparisons with a time- and frequency-resolved theoretical model. After excitation of the N(2) vibrational manifold with 10...
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PMID: 20634853
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Letters (35)14 2010
Abstract
We present the results of experiments that show that, under some conditions, SRS can extend the performance of amplifiers limited by nonlinear phase accumulation. The Stokes spectrum can be free of distortions arising from self-phase modulation and can circumvent the gain-narrowing limit of the ampl...
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PMID: 20634842
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Letters (35)14 2010
Abstract
Our results show that the optical tweezers may serve as a unique tool for the measurement of DEP forces in various applications....
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PMID: 20634874
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show explicitly that the ratio of adhesion to cortical tension determines tissue surface tension. Our minimal model successfully explains the available experimental data and makes predictions, based on the feedback between mechanical energy and geometry, about the shapes of aggregate surface cell...
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PMID: 20616053
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have defined the coupling to sodium translocation of individual steps in the redox reaction of Na(+)-NQR. Sodium uptake takes place in the reaction step in which an electron moves from the 2Fe-2S center to FMN(C), while the translocation of sodium across the membrane dielectric (and probably its...
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PMID: 20616050
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted face-to-face interviews with 14 leading climate scientists, using formal methods of expert elicitation. We structured the interviews around three scenarios of radiative forcing stabilizing at different levels. All experts ranked "cloud radiative feedbacks" as contributing most to their...
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PMID: 20616045
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Magnesium alloy stent has been employed in animal and clinical experiment in recent years. It has been verified to be biocompatible and degradable due to corrosion after being implanted into blood vessel. Mg-Y-Gd-Nd alloy is usually used to construct an absorbable magnesium alloy stent. However, the...
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PMID: 20352299
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the flow dynamics and oscillatory behaviour of wall shear stress (WSS) vectors in intracranial aneurysms using high resolution numerical simulations. We analyse three representative patient-specific internal carotid arteries laden with aneurysms of different characteristics: (i) a wid...
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PMID: 20022896
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a novel flow-through electroporation method for delivery of genes into cells at high flow rates (up to approximately 20 mL/min) based on disposable microfluidic chips, a syringe pump, and a low-cost direct current (DC) power supply that provides a constant voltage. By eliminating pulse ge...
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PMID: 20117155
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that the HABD undergoes an equilibrium between the O and PD conformations, in either the presence or absence of HA, which explains the seemingly contradictory X-ray and NMR structures of the HA-bound HABD. An HABD mutant that exclusively adopts the PD conformation displayed a higher H...
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PMID: 20462498
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biofouling (26)4 2010
Abstract
The detrimental effect of biofilms on skin friction for near wall flows is well known. The diatom genera Gomphonema and Tabellaria dominated the biofilm mat in the freshwater open channels of the Tarraleah Hydropower Scheme in Tasmania, Australia. A multi-faceted approach was adopted to investigate...
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PMID: 20419521
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Physical properties of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) membranes consisting of binary mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 10 mol % of one of two OxPLs, 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) or 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoch...
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PMID: 20387820
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Metabolic Engineering (12)3 2010
Abstract
These results imply that PHB flux is primarily controlled by the expression levels of the product forming pathway and not by the availability of precursors. These results confirm prior in vitro measurements and metabolic models and show expression level is a major affecter of PHB flux.
2009 Elsevier...
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PMID: 19879956
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Metabolic Engineering (12)3 2010
Abstract
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus displays superior H(2) yields on a wide range of carbon sources provided that lactate formation is avoided. Nevertheless, a low lactate flux is initiated as the growth rate declined in the transition to the stationary phase, which coincides with a drastic decreas...
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PMID: 20060925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Theriogenology (73)8 2010
Abstract
Whether extraction of a calf in longitudinal anterior presentation should be carried out by simultaneous or alternate traction on the forelimbs remains controversial. Because most recommendations are based on empirical observations rather than on scientific studies, the aim of this study was to deve...
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PMID: 20116838
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Molecular Biology (398)1 2010
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the interactions of the Escherichia coli primosomal PriB protein with a single-stranded DNA was done using quantitative fluorescence titration, photocrosslinking, and analytical ultracentrifugation techniques. Stoichiometry studies were done with a series of etheno-derivativ...
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PMID: 20156448
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the angiographic and histopathologic changes in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in heparinized sheep shortly after catheterization with an 8-Fr sheath and manual compression hemostasis either with standard manual compression (SMC) or with the use of a p...
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PMID: 19705199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate possible usefulness of pectins for direct compression of tablets. The deformation behavior of pectin grades of different degree of methoxylation (DM), namely, 5%, 10%, 25%, 35%, 40%, 50%, and 60% were, examined in terms of yield pressures (YP) derived from...
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PMID: 20013080
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A "simplex-centroid mixture design" was used to study the direct-compression properties of binary and ternary mixtures of chitin and two cellulosic direct-compression diluents. Native milled and fractioned (125-250 microm) crustacean chitin of lobster origin was blended with microcrystalline cellulo...
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PMID: 20238188
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gel formulations of mebeverine hydrochloride (MbHCl) containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), metolose (MTL), and poloxamer 407 (PLX) were prepared to be used in the treatment of different oral painful conditions. HPMC was used as a mucoadhesive gel base while MTL and PLX were used to prepare...
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PMID: 20101482
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In powder technology, it is often important to directly measure real powder flow rate from a small amount of powder. For example, in pharmaceutical industry, a frequent problem is to determine powder flow properties of new active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an early stage of the development w...
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PMID: 20238189
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesize that the directionality of the tissue mechanical response is primarily due to collagen orientation in the cervical stroma, and provides an interpretation of our mechanical findings consistent with the literature data on preferential collagen alignment....
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PMID: 20370240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a new method for computing the rate of energy dissipation as a function of systolic time, by modifying the Navier-Stokes momentum equation. This method preserves the dynamic term of the Navier-Stokes momentum equation, and allows the investigation of the trend of the rate of energy dissip...
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PMID: 20370242
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results suggest that loading orientation affects the transfer of forces from the quadriceps tendon to the patellar ligament....
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PMID: 20370249
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Particulates that deposit in the acinus region of the lung have the potential to migrate through the alveolar wall and into the blood stream. However, the fluid mechanics governing particle transport to the alveolar wall are not well understood. Many physiological conditions are suspected to influen...
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PMID: 20370245
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Antiprotonic helium atom, a metastable neutral system consisting of an antiproton, an electron and a helium nucleus, was serendipitously discovered, and has been studied at CERN's antiproton decelerator facility. Its transition frequencies have recently been measured to nine digits of precision by l...
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PMID: 20075605
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe four in vitro assays to study how MT interactions with the cell boundary play a role in cellular organization. In our minimal systems, (functionalized) microfabricated barriers mimic cell boundaries. We carefully design experiments where we grow MTs against these microfabricated structur...
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PMID: 20466156
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review some existing approaches to study the interaction of these protein complexes with the ends of shortening MTs in vitro. Specifically, we describe the application of a "segmented" MT technique, which allows quantitative characterization of the tracking of the shortening MT ends by fluorescen...
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PMID: 20466158
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cardiovascular system may be the target of multiple occupational risk-factors which can act as causal and co-causal agents. A clinical background of cardiovascular diseases is made difficult by the non-specific anatomic and clinical characteristics and by the simultaneous presence of non-occupational...
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PMID: 21438247
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Biology (8)1 2010
Abstract
We survey mechanisms that enable a phagocyte to remodel actin organization in response to particles of complex shape.
Using particles that consist of two lobes separated by a neck, we found that Dictyostelium cells transmit signals concerning the curvature of a surface to the actin s...
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PMID: 21190565
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physical Review Letters (103)19 2009
Abstract
We argue here that there is an intrinsic length scale along the undulating line that is a measure of its stiffness (i.e., orientational persistence), which yields a natural way of defining the variation of physical properties normal to the undulating line. We exemplify how this normal variation can...
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PMID: 20365959
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review here the structure-function-folding relationship of an important protein, namely, dynein light chain protein (DLC8). DLC8, the smallest subunit of the dynein motor complex, acts as a cargo adaptor. The protein exists as a dimer under physiological conditions and dissociates into a pure mon...
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PMID: 19805907
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biomedical Materials (4)4 2009
Abstract
These results of in vitro tests and GPC measurements indicated that while bulk modification of the scaffold was processed, its handling was stable during in vitro cell culture for up to 4 weeks....
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PMID: 19584424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Chemical Physics (130)20 2009
Abstract
We apply ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) methods in conjunction with the thermodynamic integration or "lambda-path" technique to compute the intrinsic hydration free energies of Li(+), Cl(-), and Ag(+) ions. Using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional, adapting methods developed for classical fo...
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PMID: 19485457
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Chemical Physics (130)20 2009
Abstract
Recent experimental observations of time-resolved multidimensional signals in the light-harvesting antennae Fenna-Mathews-Olson [G. S. Engel et al., Nature (London) 446, 782 (2007)] show large oscillations of exciton populations coupled to the long-lived coherences. These effects may not be reproduc...
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PMID: 19485462
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Chemical Physics (130)20 2009
Abstract
Our results for the flux in a network with complex connectivity, obtained using the discrete counterpart of Kramers' theory of activated rate processes, show that the number of reactive transitions is typically much smaller than the total number of transitions that cross a dividing surface at equili...
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PMID: 19485483
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Chemical Physics (130)20 2009
Abstract
We consider analyzing paths generated with one protocol using another one. It is posited that analysis protocols which minimize the lag, the difference between the nonequilibrium and the instantaneous equilibrium densities, will reduce the dissipation of reprocessed trajectories and lead to better f...
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PMID: 19485432
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This review examines the effects of short- and long-term static and cyclic mechanical loading on the mechanical properties of tendons. Tendons do not alter their mechanical properties after static and cycling loading that occurs during fatiguing contractions. Adaptations can occur after the applicat...
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PMID: 19305197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We numerically simulate flow in a helical tube for physiological conditions using a co-ordinate mapping of the Navier-Stokes equations. Helical geometries have been proposed for use as bypass grafts, arterial stents and as an idealized model for the out-of-plane curvature of arteries. Small amplitud...
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PMID: 19148753
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have fabricated hydrogel particles of varying size and shape and examined their mass-loss and swelling behavior histologically and mechanically. We report that these features, as well as degradation behavior of the hydrogel particles may be tailored with SFL. By reducing the applied UV dose durin...
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PMID: 19215127
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present different in vitro experimental models which allow us to evaluate the effect of spatially fractionated dose distributions on metabolic activity. We irradiated a monolayer of MCF-7/6 human breast cancer cells with a steep and a smooth 6 MV x-ray dose gradient. In the steep gradient model,...
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PMID: 19229091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hereditas (Beijing) (31)2 2009
Abstract
To determine the genetic polymorphism of three X-STR loci for Bai, Dai, Yi ethnic groups from Yunnan Province, DXS6804, DXS6799 and DXS7132 were genotyped by multiplex PCR and Genscan. Eighteen alleles and thirty-eight genotypes were detected in 89 Bai unrelated persons. The gene frequencies ranged...
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PMID: 19273423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We consider reversible breaking of adhesion bonds or folding of proteins under the influence of a constant external force. We discuss the statistical properties of the unbinding/rebinding events and analyze their mean number and their variance in the framework of simple kinetic models. In the calcul...
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PMID: 19191368
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effect of a homogeneous external electric field parallel to the hydrogen bond in the FH...FH dimer has been studied by theoretical methods. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules methodology has been used for analyzing the electron distribution of the dimer, calculated with different hydrogen...
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PMID: 19191374
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Energy, mobility, and structural profiles of residues in a specific sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease chain and its global conformation and dynamics are studied by a coarse-grained computer simulation model on a cubic lattice. HIV-1 protease is described by a chain of 99 resi...
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PMID: 19191412
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (110)1 2009
Abstract
Abstract
In order to effectively increase capacity of Cu2+ absorption by Penicillium from Cu2+-containing aqueous solution and to study the mechanisms of absorption, effects of eight pre-treatment methods on Cu2+ absorption of Penicillium janthinellum strain GXCR were compared. The results showed that the ef...
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PMID: 19441230
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Microbiologica Sinica (48)12 2008
Abstract
The growth of Staphylococcus aureus in liquid medium could be monitored by tungsten electrode in 100 Hz frequency segment of multi-frequency large amplitude pulse voltammetry, platinum electrode in 1 Hz, and both silver electrode and titanium electrode in 10 Hz. The growth of Escherichia coli O157:H...
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PMID: 19271536
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Alpha Omegan (101)3 2008
Abstract
It is essential for any practitioner who uses lasers in their clinical practice to understand the basic physics of lasers. It is this knowledge that allows for an educated assessment of the clinical outcomes that lasers produce in our patients. It is also this understanding that provides a scientifi...
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PMID: 19127929
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Measurement of driving force of catalytic nanomotors in dilute hydrogen peroxide by torsion balance.
Abstract
A simple torsion balance is designed to directly determine the force generated by catalytic nanomotor nanorods. A 1 cm1 silicon substrate coated with approximately 3.1 x 10(8) nanomotors was attached to a balancing weight and submerged into different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The force ge...
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PMID: 19044389
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a prototype of a diamond anvil cell (DAC) for high pressure/high temperature studies. This DAC combines the use of a resistive oven of 250 W power in a very small volume, associated with special conical seats for Boehler-type diamond anvils in order to have a large angular acceptance. To...
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PMID: 19044376
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The energy scale of a triple-axis x-ray spectrometer with meV energy resolution based on perfect silicon crystal optics is calibrated, utilizing the most recent determination of the silicon lattice parameter and its thermal expansion coefficient and recording the dispersion of longitudinal acoustic...
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PMID: 19044359
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate instrumentation to magnetically drive microbeads in a biocompatible, multiwell magnetic force system. It is based on commercial HTS standards and is scalable to 96 wells. Cells can be cultured in this magnetic high throughput system (MHTS). The MHTS can apply independently controlled...
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PMID: 19044357
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
The electronic absorption transitions for 2, 3-bis (2, 4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl) maleic anhydride were calculated by time-dependent method with 6-31G(d) basis at structures optimized at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The S1, S2, and S3 transitions calculated for the open and the closed forms of the compound a...
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PMID: 16128063
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.