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Convection (0):
Recent article
Convection
Abstract
We demonstrate the technique in dye infusion experiments that provide cylindrical and spherical distributions when infusing with porous membrane and conventional single-port catheters, respectively. This optical method incorporates important parameters, such as optimum camera exposure, captured came...
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PMID: 21342811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease is a complex syndrome. Adequate dialysis can contribute to its correction by removing small and possibly medium/large molecules that may inhibit erythropoiesis. A clear relationship among hemoglobin, erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) dose and increase...
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PMID: 20938137
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports use of convective therapies, such as hemodiafiltration, to improve outcomes for hemodialysis patients. Maximizing convection requires large volumes of substitution solution, which is practical only if online technology is used for its preparation. Substitution solution m...
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PMID: 20938127
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A computational model of Nitric Oxide (NO) production and transport within a parallel-plate flow chamber coated with endothelial cells is presented. The relationship between NO concentration and Wall Shear Stress (WSS) at the endothelium is investigated in detail. An increase in WSS is associated wi...
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PMID: 20390451
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ergonomics (53)8 2010
Abstract
A common metric of assessing the evaporative cooling potential of protective clothing is to assess the rate of diffusion of water vapour through the fabric. Another mechanism that supports evaporative cooling is convective transfer. Prototype porous coveralls were constructed to promote convective a...
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PMID: 20658399
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (113)2 2010
Abstract
The potential efficacy of drugs delivered by CED may be severely constrained by ineffective delivery in many patients. Routine use of software algorithms and alternative catheter designs and infusion parameters may improve the efficacy of drugs delivered by CED....
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PMID: 20020841
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
For late-stage cancer, whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) is highly regarded by physicians as a promising alternative to conventional therapies. Although WBH is still under scrutiny due to potential toxicity, its benefits are incomparable, as diversified devices and very promising treatment protocols in...
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PMID: 20420562
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (112)4 2010
Abstract
Muscimol can be effectively delivered to clinically relevant volumes of the primate brain. Moreover, the distribution of muscimol can be tracked using coinfusion of Gd-DTPA and MR imaging. The ability to perform accurate monitoring and to control the anatomical extent of muscimol distribution during...
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PMID: 19715424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate proper technique for three routes of systemic drug delivery: intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, and oral gavage. In addition, we show a method for local delivery to the brain: convection-enhanced delivery (CED). The use of fluorescently-labeled compounds is included for...
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PMID: 20736920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I will concentrate on the studies of our group. Unfortunately it will not be possible to mention all the important groups who have contributed by essential studies....
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PMID: 19812913
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery (52)5-6 2009
Abstract
Most tumors were located in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. For these locations catheters were predominantly placed via the superior parietal lobule and the superior frontal gyrus. Looking at the anatomic literature and our laboratory results we characterized these areas with properties predispo...
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PMID: 20077363
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A traditional thermal inactivation kinetic model (D- and z-value) was modified to account for the effect of process humidity on thermal inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 on the surface of almonds subjected to moist-air heating. Raw almonds were surface inoculated to approximately 10(8) CFU...
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PMID: 19722390
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
With advantageous biomechanical properties, materials derived from ex vivo tissues are being actively investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, decellularization treatments are required before implantation to reduce the materials immune impact. The aim of these investig...
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PMID: 19196128
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a fractional sensitivity analysis of a competitive microfluidic heterogeneous immunoassay for a small molecule analyte. A simple two-dimensional finite element model is used to determine the fractional sensitivity of the assay signal with respect to analyte concentration, flow rate, initi...
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PMID: 19361154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We can predict the dissolved O(2) concentration profile as well as the O(2) transport flux in an individual HF of the bioreactor by solving the coupled momentum and mass transport equations. Our results show that supplementation of the cell culture media with HBOCs can dramatically enhance O(2) tran...
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PMID: 19072844
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biomaterials (30)12 2009
Abstract
We will firstly discuss the technical approach of CED with regard to catheter design and brain characteristics; secondly, we will describe the 'ideal' nanocarrier in terms of size, surface properties, and interaction with the extracellular matrix for optimal diffusion in the brain parenchyma. We als...
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PMID: 19168213
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo approach to simulate the trajectories of tracer particles within a system in which both diffusive and convective transports are operational. While diffusive transport is readily accounted for in a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that the inclus...
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PMID: 19275421
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Applied Ergonomics (40)2 2009
Abstract
Heat loss of 27 full-face motorcycle helmets was studied using a thermal manikin headform. The headform was electrically heated and positioned at the exit of a wind tunnel, so that the air stream flowed onto its front side. All helmets were measured in three sessions in which all the vents were open...
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PMID: 18452890
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The processes of heat transfer in a human body were studied with the use of a mathematical model. It has been shown that only conductive or only convective heat transfer may occur in different body areas. The rate of blood-mediated heat transfer in the presence of blood circulation is many times hig...
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PMID: 19239114
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate an experimental method for the measurement of heat transfer coefficient for a fluid system by magnetic resonance imaging. In this method, the temporal variation of thermally induced nuclear shielding is monitored and the average heat transfer coefficient is measured as a function of f...
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PMID: 18524523
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (109)5 2008
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery of PLD achieved extensive tissue distribution and sustained drug release. Convection-enhanced delivery of PLD is a promising chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas....
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PMID: 18976076
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (109)5 2008
Abstract
An analysis of the cases in this study revealed that leakage undermines the efficacy of CED. These findings reiterate the importance of real-time MR imaging visualization during CED to ensure an accurate, robust distribution of therapeutic agents....
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PMID: 18976077
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Child Neurology (23)10 2008
Abstract
Direct perfusion of specific regions of the central nervous system by convection-enhanced delivery is becoming more widely used for the delivery of compounds in the research and treatment of various neural disorders. In contrast to other currently available central nervous system delivery techniques...
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PMID: 18952590
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (109)3 2008
Abstract
Ependymal and pial boundaries are permeable to small and large molecules delivered interstitially by convection. Once infusate reaches these surfaces, a portion enters the adjacent ventricular or cisternal CSF and the tissue Vd/Vi ratio decreases. Although T1-weighted MR imaging is best for tracking...
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PMID: 18759589
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Combinations of wind-driven convection and environmental radiation in cold weather, make the environment "feel" colder. The relative contributions of these mechanisms, which form the basis for estimating wind chill equivalent temperatures (WCETs), are studied over a wide range of environmental condi...
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PMID: 18060423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lab On a Chip (8)7 2008
Abstract
We describe a novel way of establishing concentration gradients using a convective-diffusive balance in a counterflow configuration. With the help of this method, stable, reproducible concentration gradient profiles can be formed in under a minute and the shape of the profiles are easily predicted w...
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PMID: 18584102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The WarmAir (n = 89) and Bair Hugger (n = 95) groups were similar with respect to age, gender, body mass index, ASA status, fluid balance, and duration of surgery. There was no difference in temperature outcomes between groups. In the WarmAir group, preoperative, lowest intraoperative, end of surger...
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PMID: 18566199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Thus, the combined effect of variables P, D, and F are important factors that should be considered in order to determine drug dosage. This study could be used to estimate the drug distribution and elimination for (1) wide range of physicochemical properties of drugs and (2) normal and abnormally ele...
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PMID: 18476798
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required in a significant percentage of patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. One of the foremost objectives of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the removal of excess fluid and blood solutes that are re...
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PMID: 18609505
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Indoor Air (18)3 2008
Abstract
An immersed boundary method for particulate flow in an Eulerian framework is utilized to examine the effects of complex human motion on the transport of trace contaminants. The moving human object is rendered as a level set in the computational domain, and realistic human walking motion is implement...
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PMID: 18422965
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Artificial Organs (32)5 2008
Abstract
Midsize molecule retention is related with renal-failure-associated mortality. Here, the authors describe a new dialysis modality, pulse push/pull hemodialysis (PPPHD), which increases convective clearance. Blood and dialysate are circulated by a pulsatile pump, but with pulsatile flow patterns that...
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PMID: 18471170
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Neurology (210)2 2008
Abstract
We have analyzed all our cumulative animal data to answer a number of questions as to whether real-time CED in primates depends on concentration of infusate, is reproducible, allows prediction of distribution in a given anatomic structure, and whether it has long term pathological consequences. Our...
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PMID: 18295759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Experimental Biology (211)Pt 8 2008
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the thermoregulatory, metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia of the high altitude bar-headed goose with low altitude waterfowl. All birds were found to reduce body temperature (T(b)) during hypoxia, by up to 1-1.5 degrees C in severe hypoxia. Duri...
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PMID: 18375857
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuro-Oncology (10)2 2008
Abstract
We demonstrated that CED formation/extent of small molecules may be significantly improved by increasing infusate viscosities. In this study we show that the same methodology can be applied to monodispersed maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs). For this purpose we used a normal rat brain model and perform...
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PMID: 18316474
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The control of the temperature increase is an important issue in retinal laser treatments. Within the fundus of the eye heat, generated by absorption of light, is transmitted by diffusion in the retinal pigment epithelium and in the choroid and lost by convection due to the choroidal blood flow. The...
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PMID: 19343634
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Previous researchers showed that the concept of turbulent boundary layer (TBL) "edge forces," which are related to the convection peak of the TBL pressure wave number spectral density, is useful and important when using a finite element model to compute the bending response to TBL excitation of a pl...
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PMID: 18345828
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The treatment for many neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) involves the delivery of large molecular weight drugs to the brain. The blood brain barrier, however, prevents many therapeutic molecules from entering the CNS. Despite much effort in studying drug dispersion with...
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PMID: 17950757
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Inorganic mercury(II) ions are ubiquitous contaminants of world water systems and thus their determination and removal from the environment are important. The effects of magnetic field on the stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions have been experimentally investigated. During the strippin...
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PMID: 17919650
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing during exposure to a flash fire was introduced. The model was developed with the assumption that textiles are treated as porous media. The numerical model predictions were compared with experimental data from different f...
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PMID: 18394330
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesize that these two strategies can be used to improve hepatocyte oxygenation and possibly attain an in vivo-like pO(2) spectrum, similar to that observed in vivo in the liver sinusoid. This work is significant, since provision of an in vivo-like pO(2) spectrum should create a fully functio...
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PMID: 18649173
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia (25 Suppl 41) 2008
Abstract
Abstract
We suggest using the Kt/V of beta2-microglobulin (Kt/Vbeta2-m) with a reference (adequate) value of >or=0.66, which was the average value for the high-flux arm in the HEMO study. For patients on low-flux hemodialysis, where Kt/Vbeta2-m cannot reliably be assessed, we suggest using the Kt/V of vitami...
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PMID: 18264920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this paper a novel and easily applied method to measure the mass transfer resistance of the sterile closures (e.g. cotton plug) of shaken bioreactors is introduced. This method requires no investment in special equipment (e.g. an oxygen sensor) and can be performed with the materials usually avai...
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PMID: 17497734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present technology for appropriately modifying several intrinsic characteristics of the adsorbents - such as chemical nature, particle and pore-size distribution and the surface area offered to adsorption - has helped to fine-tune extracorporeal devices for more defined clinical applications. Th...
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PMID: 17975387
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hemodiafiltration (HDF) is now a well-recognized treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. It provides superior characteristics over conventional hemodialysis in many respects. On-line HDF, however, which has been mainly used in clinical practice, requires a special machine. In...
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PMID: 18203071
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy (7)12 Suppl 2007
Abstract
Recently, innovative therapies have been developed for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Unfortunately, adequate delivery of these therapies has been a major obstacle to clinical success. Intravenous administration is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier while local delivery, such...
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PMID: 18076322
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1180) 2007
Abstract
We attempted to increase the effective pore size of the ECM by two methods: dilating the extracellular space and degrading selected constituents of the ECM. Two methods of dilating the extracellular space were investigated: co-infusion of nanoparticles and a hyperosmolar solution of mannitol, and pr...
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PMID: 17920047
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuro-Oncology (9)4 2007
Abstract
We have previously shown that convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of highly stable nanoparticle/liposome agents encapsulating chemotherapeutic drugs is effective against intracranial rodent brain tumor xenografts. In this study, we have evaluated the combination of a newly developed nanoparticle/lipo...
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PMID: 17652269
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Reentries of a single molecule in the confocal, femtoliter-sized probe region (about 10(-16) L and less) are significant because during measurement times they give rise to fluctuation phenomena such as molecule number fluctuations at the single-molecule level in solution without immobilization or hy...
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PMID: 17979724
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An understanding of flow and dispersion in the human respiratory airways is necessary to assess the toxicological impact of inhaled particulate matter as well as to optimize the design of inhalable pharmaceutical aerosols and their delivery systems. Secondary flows affect dispersion in the lung by m...
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PMID: 17887898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neurosurgery (61)4 2007
Abstract
These Group 1 patients developed severe skin necrosis due to an efflux of paclitaxel out of the cranium. The average volume of distribution (Vd) in these patients was 12.8 cm. To prevent paclitaxel efflux, the burr hole was sealed with bone wax during and after CED in Groups 2 and 3. Surprisingly, p...
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PMID: 17986926
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (98)14 2007
Abstract
Straw-rich manure from organic pig farming systems was composted in passively aerated static piles to estimate the effect of monthly turning on organic matter degradation and NH(3), N(2)O and CH(4) emissions. Turning enhanced the rate of drying and degradation. The four-month treatment degraded 57+/...
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PMID: 17092707
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A dynamic model of cheek cooling has been modified to account for increased skin blood circulation of individuals walking in cold wind. This was achieved by modelling the cold-induced vasodilation response to cold as a varying blood perfusion term, which provided a source of convective heat to the s...
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PMID: 17188259
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Water Research (41)17 2007
Abstract
Rejection of trace organic compounds, including disinfection by-products (DBPs) and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), by high-pressure membranes has become a focus of public interest internationally in both drinking water treatment and wastewater reclamation/reuse. The ability to simulate, or...
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PMID: 17631378
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (107)3 2007
Abstract
The miniature hollow fiber catheter used in this study significantly increased the distribution of dye and adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in the mouse brain compared with the levels reached using a 28-gauge needle. Compared with standard single-port clinical catheters, the hollow fiber catheter h...
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PMID: 17886557
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurosurgery (107)3 2007
Abstract
The CED method can be used to deliver AAV capsids and similar sized particles to the CNS safely and effectively over clinically relevant volumes. Moreover, real-time MR imaging of ferumoxtran-10 during infusion reveals that AAV capsids and similar sized particles have different convective delivery p...
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PMID: 17886556
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Artificial Organs (31)8 2007
Abstract
Internal filtration contributes to convective clearance in high-flux hemodialysis but its contribution is limited by low pressure gradients. Therefore, a modification using a conventional dialyzer was conceived to enhance internal filtration and backfiltration (BF) rates. The modified dialyzer inclu...
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PMID: 17651122
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of tropical intraseasonal variability, and a theory explaining its structure and successful numerical simulation remains a major challenge. A successful model for the MJO should have a propagation speed of 4-7 m/s predicte...
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PMID: 17548811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We therefore propose that the future astrobiological exploration of Europa should include the search for compatible solutes in chaos and lenticulae features....
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PMID: 17361321
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the major physical processes taking place inside an infant incubator, before and after modifications have been made to its interior chamber. The modification involves the addition of an overhead screen to decrease radiation heat losses from the infa...
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PMID: 17030142
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.