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Locomotion (1):
Recent article
Locomotion
Abstract
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Neuroscience Bulletin (27)2 2011
Abstract
To perform the modulation of an assay system for the sensory integration of 2 sensory stimuli that inhibit each other.
The assay system for assessing the integrative response to 2 reciprocally-inhibitory sensory stimuli was modulated by changing the metal ion barrier....
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PMID: 21441968
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
eleven trials were identified involving 377 subjects. The pooled effect size for the follow-up values of the functional outcomes was 0.32 in favour of the power training (95% CI 0.06 to 0.57) and 0.38 (95% CI -0.51 to 1.28) for the change value. The pooled effect from three studies for self-reported...
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PMID: 21383023
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have numerically found periodic collisionless motions of a walking model consisting of linked rigid objects. Unlike previous designs, this model can walk on level ground at noninfinitesimal speed with zero energy input. The model avoids collisional losses by using an internal mode of oscillation:...
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PMID: 21517547
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the kinematic characteristics of pelvic limb joints in orthopaedically normal dogs during stair ascent.
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PMID: 21243173
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biogerontology (12)3 2011
Abstract
We tested such a "metabolic tuning" approach in nematodes using the mitochondrial modulator dichloroacetate (DCA). We explored DCA as a proof-of-principle compound to alter mitochondrial parameters in wild-type animals and tested whether this approach is suitable for reducing reactive oxygen species...
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PMID: 21153705
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Medicine (16)12 2010
Abstract
We report that coupling between dopamine D1 and D2 receptors was markedly increased in postmortem brain of subjects suffering from major depression. Biochemical analyses revealed that D1 and D2 receptors form heterodimers via a direct protein-protein interaction. Administration of an interfering pep...
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PMID: 21113156
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Neurology (226)2 2010
Abstract
We tested whether such spontaneous fear-like behaviour could be observed in an open-field test 12 h after dlPAG stimulation. Further, we tested whether this fear-like behaviour could be attenuated by acute or chronic administration of buspirone and escitalopram. Our data demonstrate for the first ti...
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PMID: 20837005
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We screened pools of P element-mediated mutants and tested locomotor activity of homozygous flies. Of 1014 P element-mutagenized lines, 638 were homozygous viable. These lines were tested for climbing ability and lifespan. We isolated dGIPC, a Drosophila homolog of GIPC, that produced a 50% prematur...
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PMID: 21029723
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Similar to human decubitus ulcers, local high pressure points from ill-fitting saddles induce perfusion disturbances of different degrees resulting in tissue hypoxia and alteration in sweat production.
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PMID: 21059075
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Information regarding movement at the ilium and sacrum in nonlame horses during normal gait may assist in understanding the biomechanics of the equine sacroiliac joint.
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PMID: 21059047
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Saddle fit is well recognised as an important factor for the health and performance of riding horses. However, only few studies have addressed general effects of different saddle construction details within a group of horses.
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PMID: 21059052
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We particularly focus on the role of the brainstem and spinal cord in the control of postural muscle tone and generation of locomotor rhythm. Abnormalities in the convergence inputs from the forebrain structures to the brainstem-spinal cord are further discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of di...
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PMID: 21068448
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have found that a young Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata, acquires novel Bp walking capability with a long-term locomotor task and physical maturation. This model animal has kinematic features that are common with those of humans. Our imaging study showed that multiple cortical motor related areas...
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PMID: 21068450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Animals as well as humans adapt their locomotor patterns to suit different situations. To perform smooth and stable locomotion, they coordinate not only parts of a limb but also different limbs. The cerebellum is important for sensorimotor control and plays a crucial role in intra- a...
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PMID: 21068451
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Walking is a spontaneous movement termed locomotion that is promoted by activation of antigravity muscles by serotonergic (5HT) neurons. Development of antigravity activity follows 3 developmental epochs of the sleep-wake (S-W) cycle and is modulated by particular 5HT neurons in each epoch. Activati...
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PMID: 21068458
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Motor Control (14)4 2010
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to understand how visual information about an ongoing change in obstacle size is used during obstacle avoidance for both lead and trail limbs. Participants were required to walk in a dark room and to step over an obstacle edged with a special tape visible in the...
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PMID: 21051786
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated MJ07(T), was isolated from a farm soil and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ07(T) belongs to the family Alcali...
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PMID: 19933592
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated HU1-GD12(T), was isolated from freshwater sediment. The strain was characterized by using a polyphasic approach in order to determine its taxonomic position. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the iso...
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PMID: 19946046
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A haloalkaliphilic archaeon, strain JX313(T), was isolated from a saline-alkaline soil from Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. Its morphological, physiological and biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were determined. Colonies of the strain were orange-red and cells were non-motile coc...
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PMID: 19915113
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A marine bacterial strain, designated fav-2-10-05(T), was isolated from the mucus layer of a coral of the genus Favia, collected from the coral reef in the Gulf of Eilat, Israel (29.5 ° N 34.9 ° E). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain fav-2-10-05(T) was affiliated with t...
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PMID: 19915103
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic strain with gliding motility, designated JAMB N27(T), was isolated from sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan, at a depth of 219 m. Strain JAMB N27(T) contained MK-6 as the major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C...
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PMID: 19915102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on three strains of an acetogenic bacterium isolated from livestock-impacted soil. The bacterium stained Gram-negative and was a non-spore-forming rod that was motile by peritrichous flagella. The novel strains had an optimum pH for growth of 8.0-8....
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PMID: 19965999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A short coccoid- to rod-shaped, motile, mesophilic actinobacterium, strain MSL-22(T), was isolated from soil on Bigeum Island, Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of this strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MSL-...
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PMID: 19915109
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A halophilic archaeon, strain RO1-6(T), was isolated from a marine solar saltern in eastern China. Cells of strain RO1-6(T) were pleomorphic and motile and stained Gram-negative. Strain RO1-6(T) grew well on complex medium and colonies were red-pigmented. It was able to grow at 20-50°C (optimum 37...
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PMID: 19946053
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hypertension Research (33)10 2010
Abstract
We examined salt-sensitive Dahl rats that were fed normal chow (n=10), high-salt chow (n=10) and high-salt chow with bisoprolol (n=10). Simultaneous electroencephalogram, electromyogram and locomotor activity were examined to analyze the sleep-wake state. We also examined heart rate, blood pressure...
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PMID: 20668456
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mean stride length was 88.4 cm. Mean stance time (ST) of forelimbs and hind limbs was 0.62 and 0.56 seconds, respectively. Mean stance time percentage (ST%; proportion of stance time to total gait cycle time) for forelimbs and hind limbs was 55.6% and 50.2%, respectively. Mean total pressure index (...
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PMID: 20807137
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether robotic-assisted locomotor training, a new clinical service introduced at the Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Rehabilitation Centre, Singapore is effective at improving the ability to transfer and the ambulatory status of patients with an acquired brain i...
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PMID: 20938611
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined hemolymph levels of dopamine and its metabolite (N-acetyldopamine) in males at post-emergence days 0-16. The development of locomotor and flight activities were recorded over the same period. Hemolymph levels of dopamine and N-acetyldopamine were found to increase at the time of onset...
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PMID: 20303974
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Comparative molecular analysis reveals a wide variation of clock mechanisms among insects. In this study, the clock gene homologues of Clock (Td'Clk) and cycle (Td'cyc) were cloned from an apterygote insect, Thermobia domestica. Structural analysis showed that Td'CLK includes bHLH, PAS-A, PAS-B doma...
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PMID: 20416313
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Cell Research (316)14 2010
Abstract
We performed immunohistochemical analyses with a specific antibody to Syn2 and demonstrated predominant expression in the larval and adult central nervous system. To investigate the in vivo functions of Syn2, we have generated Drosophila Syn2 deficiency mutants. Although the Syn2 mutants exhibit no...
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PMID: 20632467
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The following are the proceedings of a symposium held at the Second International Congress for Respiratory Science in Bad Honnef, Germany. The goals of the symposium were to delineate the blood-gas barrier phenotype across vertebrate species; to delineate the interrelationship betwee...
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PMID: 20096383
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In contrast to the leftward inattention caused by right parietal damage, normal brain function shows a subtle neglect of the right and left sides in peripersonal and extrapersonal space, respectively. This study explored how these attentional biases cause healthy individuals to collide with objects...
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PMID: 20675802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurotrauma (27)8 2010
Abstract
Human spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually accompanied by persistent cord compression. Experimental data demonstrate that compression of the traumatized cord results in rapid neurological decline over hours. Undertaking decompression in humans within this time frame has proved impractical, with the t...
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PMID: 20504158
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (78)8 2010
Abstract
We constructed chromosomal deletion mutants of the tatB and tatC genes, which are essential components of the Tat translocon. We observed that the tat mutations affected bacterial cell morphology, motility, and sensitivity to albomycin, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and EDTA. In addition, the mutant...
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PMID: 20498258
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity and can change reversibly between two phases that differ radically in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Solitarious locusts are cryptic in appearance and behaviour, walking slowly with the body held close to the ground. Gregarious locusts are con...
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PMID: 20416321
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We explored the roles of visual, olfactory and tactile stimulation in the induction of behavioural gregarization in the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. We show that the primary gregarizing input is tactile stimulation of the antennae, with no evidence for an effect of visual and...
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PMID: 20438734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Previously isolated dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) have been primarily affiliated with the Betaproteobacteria. Enrichments from the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER) inoculated from creek water in Berkeley, CA, yielded a novel organism most closely related to a pr...
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PMID: 20495050
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe uncultured vacuolated and non-vacuolated bacteria from two different environments showing all characteristics necessary to assign a bacterium to the genus Beggiatoa. We also intended to investigate whether narrow and vacuolate Beggiatoa do differ morphologically as much as they do phylog...
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PMID: 20207153
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether a brainstem locomotor center, the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), modulates sensory transmission. The synaptic responses of brainstem reticulospinal (RS) cells to electrical stimulation of the sensory trigeminal nerve were recorded before and after electrical stimulatio...
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PMID: 20576031
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Microbiology (77)1 2010
Abstract
We identify and characterize a phosphodiesterase (BB0363). BB0363 specifically hydrolyzed cyclic-di-GMP with a K(m) of 0.054 microM, confirming it is a functional cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase. A targeted mutation in bb0363 was constructed using a newly developed promoterless antibiotic cassette t...
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PMID: 20444101
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Microbiology (77)1 2010
Abstract
We performed mutational analysis of the predicted J-domain, central acidic and proline-rich (APR) domain, and C-terminal domain of TopJ and assessed the phenotypic consequences when introduced into an M. pneumoniae topJ mutant. A TopJ derivative with amino acid substitutions in the canonical J-domai...
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PMID: 20487283
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)27 2010
Abstract
We identify a novel role for contactin-associated protein (Caspr) as an inhibitory cue that reduces neurite outgrowth from CNS neurons. We show that proteolysis of Caspr at the cell surface is regulated by the cellular form of prion protein (PrP), which directly binds to Caspr. PrP inhibits Reelin-m...
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PMID: 20610764
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The high ICC values establish acceptable reliability and validity. Subjects found A-perp more comfortable. Although both electrogoniometers are acceptable (comparable SEM) to measure extreme ankle motions, the greater comfort and durability of the new A-perp sensor is advantageous....
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PMID: 20586555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Infection and Immunity (78)7 2010
Abstract
We employ bacterial and mammalian genetic approaches to demonstrate that loss of motility, not the loss of the flagellum per se, is the critical factor in the development of resistance to phagocytosis by P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that isogenic P. aeruginosa mutants deficient in flagellar functio...
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PMID: 20457788
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Bacteriology (192)13 2010
Abstract
We examine swarm-cell trajectories and ways in which these trajectories are determined by flagellar motion, visualizing the cell bodies by phase-contrast microscopy and the flagellar filaments by fluorescence microscopy. We distinguish four kinds of tracks, defining stalls, reversals, lateral moveme...
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PMID: 20363932
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Bacteriology (192)13 2010
Abstract
Biology Letters (6)3 2010
Abstract
We address this apparent paradox, highlighting two factors that predict benefits for compliant gaits: (i) minimizing cost of work associated with bouncing viscera; and (ii) leg control for robust stability in uneven terrain. We show that consideration of the effects of bouncing viscera predicts an e...
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PMID: 20335198
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Journal (29)12 2010
Abstract
We show that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) binds directly and selectively to one of five mAChR subtypes, M4 receptors (M4Rs), at their C-terminal regions of second intracellular loops. This binding relies on Ca(2+) activation of the kinase and leads to the phosphorylation of...
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PMID: 20461055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)23 2010
Abstract
We show that Celsr3|Dlx mutant mice have no extrinsic neocortical connections yet survive to postnatal day 20, acquire a basic behavioral repertoire, and display spontaneous hyperactivity, with abnormal light/dark activity cycling. Except for hallmarks related to thalamic input, such as barrels in s...
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PMID: 20534841
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropeptides (44)3 2010
Abstract
We measured high fat chow intake in rats following a series of pharmacological manipulations of NAcc opioid signaling. NAcc infusion of the MOR agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePHe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) robustly increased palatable food intake, as has previously been demonstrated. In contrast, neither in...
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PMID: 20044138
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Annals of Neurology (67)6 2010
Abstract
Mice lacking AQP4 (AQP4(-/-) mice) exhibited significantly impaired locomotor function and prolonged bladder dysfunction compared with wild-type (WT) littermates after contusion SCI. Consistent with a greater extent of functional deterioration, AQP4(-/-) mice showed greater neuronal loss and demyeli...
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PMID: 20517941
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Cybernetics (102)6 2010
Abstract
We develop a single degree-of-freedom neuromechanical model representing a joint actuated by an agonist/antagonist muscle pair driven by motoneurons and a CPG in a periodic rhythm characteristic of locomotion. We consider two characteristic feedback modes: phasic and tonic. The former encodes states...
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PMID: 20358220
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Hypertension (28)6 2010
Abstract
Resting BP was significantly elevated and HR was significantly lower in old rats compared with young. AngII-induced BP increase was markedly reduced in old rats, but HR responses were similar. Diurnal variation of both BP and HR was lower in old animals, and AngII reduced the amplitude of BP variati...
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PMID: 20308921
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience Research (67)2 2010
Abstract
Although the rat has been the predominant rodent used to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), the increasing availability of transgenic animals has led to greater use of mouse models. However, behavioral assessment after SCI in mice has been less ex...
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PMID: 20188770
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We still do not know how these alleles are contributing to resistance in vivo. To understand the phenomenon of anthelmintic resistance in detail we need to link changes in the genes of individual parasites with their ability to resist the effects of anthelmintic exposure. We have determined the geno...
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PMID: 20211658
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Naturalist (175)6 2010
Abstract
American Naturalist (175)6 2010
Abstract
Abstract
The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is the main grapevine pest in vineyards in some countries, such as Spain and Brazil. In Galician vineyards (northwestern Spain), mealybug population levels are low because the accumulated degree-days are lower than in other...
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PMID: 20568606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.