Abstract
We generated transgenic plants expressing a redox-regulated GFP reporter. Results show that initially, Sclerotinia (via OA) generates a reducing environment in host cells that suppress host defense responses including the oxidative burst and callose deposition, akin to compatible biotrophic pathogen...
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PMID: 21738471
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies continue to have a detrimental impact in lower-income countries, with significant costs in morbidity, mortality, and productivity. Food is the primary source of the nutrients needed to sustain life, and it is the essential component that links nutrition, a...
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PMID: 21717913
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi cause important yield losses in crops. A proteomic approach was used to study the changes in the leaf proteome profile of the plant Mentha arvensis infected with a necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria alternata. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2...
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PMID: 21111074
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution resulting from human activities is causing major concern due to its potential risk. In this study, four crop species with different cultivars were planted in 2 levels (heavily and slightly) of heavy metal contaminated soils, and the accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the...
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PMID: 21598793
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To explore effects on allelopathic autotoxicity of Rehmannia glutinosa of different abatement measures.
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PMID: 21598529
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We know that we can improve land application of manure and the sustainability of farming systems with alternatives to surface broadcasting, many questions remain concerning which technologies work best for particular soils, manure types, and farming and cropping systems....
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PMID: 21520734
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Manure can provide valuable nutrients, especially N, for grass forage, but high NH, volatilization losses from standard surface-broadcast application limits N availability and raises environmental concerns. Eight field trials were conducted to evaluate the emission of NH, from liquid dairy manure, ei...
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PMID: 21520744
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions through slurry incorporation or other soil management techniques may increase nitrate (NO3) leaching, so quantifying potential losses from these alternative pathways is essential to improving slurry N management. Slurry N losses, as NH3 or NO3 were evaluated over 4 yr...
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PMID: 21520745
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed and tested a knifing technique to directly apply dry poultry litter beneath the surface of pastures. Results showed that subsurface litter application decreased NH3-N volatilization and nutrient losses in runoff more than 90% (compared with surface-applied litter) to levels statisticall...
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PMID: 21520747
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed regression models with a stepwise protocol selecting the optimal number of significant explanatory variables. Configuration variables such as contagion, the cohesion of cropland and urban land, and the aggregation index of forest were very important and more important than variables ass...
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PMID: 21520759
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified significant gaps in our knowledge as manyof these technologies are relatively new, and this should help target future research efforts including environmental, agronomic, and economic assessments....
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PMID: 21520735
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Injection of cattle and swine slurries can provide soil incorporation in no-till and perennial forage production. Injection is expected to substantially reduce N loss due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization, but a portion of that N conservation may be offset by greater denitrification and leaching losses...
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PMID: 21520742
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Removing solids from slurry manure helps balance nutrients to plant needs and may increase soil infiltration rate toreduce loss of ammonia. The long-term effects of applying the separated liquid fraction (SLF) of dairy slurry with surface banding applicators are not well known. This 6-yr study compar...
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PMID: 21520746
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed changes in soil test phosphorus (P) of the Ap horizon of cropped fields continuously irrigated for 26 yr with secondary effluent from the Penn State University wastewater treatment plant. For annual P additions averaging 97 kg P ha(-1), Mehlich-3 P (M3P) response in the 0- to 20-cm surfa...
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PMID: 21488510
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We designed a new approach that integrates epistatic association analysis in crop cultivars with breeding by design. First, we proposed an epistatic association mapping (EAM) approach in homozygous crop cultivars. The phenotypic values of complex traits, along with molecular marker information, were...
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PMID: 21423630
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An agricultural site in Segovia province (Spain) contains high levels of arsenic (As) of geological origin in its groundwater, which is used intensively for irrigation. Crops, irrigation waters, and soils were analyzed to evaluate the occurrence of As in this area and its potential impact on the foo...
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PMID: 21090743
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The first generation of biotechnology products commercialized were crops focusing largely on input agronomic traits whose value was often opaque to consumers. The coming generations of crop plants can be grouped into four broad areas each presenting what, on the surface, may appear a...
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PMID: 20654747
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that attachment of a C8 alkyl chain to ring III of a neamine-based aminoglycoside specifically at the 4″-o position yields a broad-spectrum fungicide (FG08) without the antibacterial properties typical for aminoglycosides. Leaf infection assays and greenhouse studies show that FG08 is capa...
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PMID: 20924381
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterases (CbEs) in 11 syntopic species of larval anurans. In vitro effects of malaoxon causing 50% BChE inhibition (IC(50)) were also studied. In addition, we calculated a relative risk index (RI) b...
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PMID: 20708801
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We concluded that the DAYCENT model was successful at predicting GHG emissions of different alternative management systems in California, but that a sound error analysis must accompany the predictions to understand the risks and potentials of GHG mitigation through adoption of alternative practices....
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PMID: 21049871
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that larval feeding by the Guatemalan potato moth (Tecia solanivora), considered one of the most economically important potato pests in Latin America, leads to a dramatic increase in potato tuber production. Field-grown potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) in the Colombian Andes attacked...
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PMID: 21049868
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen, and contamination of surface and ground water that may result from various human activities, such as animal production and urbanization, may contribute to the public health burden. The aims of this study was to determine the sou...
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PMID: 20528467
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results were compared with those obtained previously for the codling moth Cydia pomonella, the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta, the litchi moth Cryptophlebia peltastica and the macadamia nut borer T. batrachopa. Locally adapted populations were detected over local geographic areas for a...
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PMID: 19941674
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The environmental risks from cultivating crops producing output trait enzymes can be rigorously assessed by testing conservative risk hypotheses of no harm to endpoints such as the abundance of wildlife, crop yield and the rate of degradation of crop residues in soil. These hypotheses can be tested...
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PMID: 19924556
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Plants are engaged in a continuous co-evolutionary struggle for dominance with their pathogens. The outcomes of these interactions are of particular importance to human activities, as they can have dramatic effects on agricultural systems. The recent convergence of molecular studies of plant immunit...
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PMID: 20585331
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Soil salinity decreases the growth rate of plants and can severely limit the productivity of crop plants. The ability to tolerate salinity stress differs widely between species of plants as well as within species. As an important component of salinity tolerance, a better understanding of the mechani...
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PMID: 19968828
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have estimated sun-to-fuel yields for the cases when dedicated fuel crops are grown and harvested to produce liquid fuel. The stand-alone biomass to liquid fuel processes, that use biomass as the main source of energy, are estimated to produce one-and-one-half to three times less sun-to-fuel yiel...
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PMID: 20527758
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
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PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.
Abstract
SUMMARY: *Heterosis increases yield potential and improves adaptation to stress in maize (Zea mays); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. *A set of tropical inbred lines and their hybrids were grown in the field for 2 yr under three different water regimes. First-year p...
|
PMID: 20456048
PDF is available here.