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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Set (Psychology) (0):
Recent article
Set (Psychology)
Abstract
We may all overcome an optimistic bias, but children under age 10 may struggle more to do so....
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PMID: 21848744
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Our results suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with increased activation of general, positive alcohol cognitions, rather than mood-specific subtypes....
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PMID: 21820811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We introduce a distinction between urgent and evaluative behaviors. Urgent behaviors are performed under high time-pressure and, when successful, they will help to avoid high negative outcomes. According to some social psychologists, evaluation is considered a type of value categorization (for examp...
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PMID: 21376870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Fiziologiia cheloveka (37)2 2011
Abstract
Changes in face expression recognition and EEG synchronization arising from additional load on working memory were studied in healthy adults. Two types of additional task--semantic and visuospatial--were used to load working memory in an experiment with a visual set, formed to facial stimuli. During...
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PMID: 21542312
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Unfulfilled expectations can lead to patient dissatisfaction with surgical outcomes. Understanding expectations allows surgeons to identify those patients who hold inaccurate expectations preoperatively, and to reset those expectations through focused preoperative education. The purpose of this stud...
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PMID: 21124122
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Memory & Cognition (38)7 2010
Abstract
We report two experiments that were designed to adjudicate between these accounts. In Experiment 1, membership was manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis by cuing the possible responses for each trial. Response time (RT) was longer for distractors that corresponded to a cued, eligible response than t...
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PMID: 20921102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We did not find any differences between long-term recovered subjects, weight-restored AN patients and those in an acute phase of their illness. AN subjects were significantly more likely to be left-handed than healthy controls (OR=2.8, 95% C.I. 1.1-7.2).
Set-shifting and central coherence seem to be...
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PMID: 20486870
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)11 2010
Abstract
We found differential brain activations to the verbal and social cues embedded in the choice problems. In large group contexts, framing effects were significant where participants were more risk seeking under the negative (loss) framing than under the positive (gain) framing. This behavioral differe...
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PMID: 20600178
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have previously shown that elevating noradrenergic activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) can facilitate cognitive set-shifting, and that chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) caused set-shifting deficits. It is not known, however, if noradrenergic modulatory function is compromised by chro...
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PMID: 20417676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated whether involuntarily directing attention to a target-colored distractor causes the corresponding attentional set to enter a limited-capacity focus of attention, thereby facilitating the identification of a subsequent target whose color matches the same attentional set. As predicted,...
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PMID: 20675796
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated gray matter correlates of set-shifting while controlling for component processes. Using the Design Fluency (DF), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Color Word Interference (CWI) subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), we investigated the correlation between set-s...
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PMID: 20374676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the first of two recent papers, Pekala, Kumar, Maurer, Elliot-Carter, Moon and Mullen (2010a) review what they consider to be the relationships between trance or altered state effects, suggestibility, and expectancy, and how they relate to the concepts of hypnosis and hypnotism. They also suggest...
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PMID: 20718242
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The dark side of visual awareness in sport: Inattentional blindness in a real-world basketball task.
Abstract
We provide evidence for the existence of inattentional blindness (IB) in a real-world basketball setting among adults (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, we found that players with hardly any basketball experience were more likely to experience IB in a real-world basketball setting, as compared with ex...
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PMID: 20601714
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the immediate and persisting effects of object location changes on gaze control during scene viewing. Participants repeatedly inspected a randomized set of naturalistic scenes for later questioning. On the seventh presentation, an object was shown at a new location, whereas the chang...
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PMID: 20601706
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
How constant is the Weber fraction (WF) for brief time intervals? This question was assessed in three experiments with two base durations (BDs), 0.2 and 1 sec, and with different ways of estimating the WF. In Experiment 1, the psychometric functions were drawn on the basis of 4, 8, or 12 comparison...
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PMID: 20601721
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Health Psychology (15)Pt 2 2010
Abstract
The results of the present study provide useful indications about what the target of interventions aimed at reducing the bias in pain recall should be....
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PMID: 19580701
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used a two-phase learning procedure in which learners were presented with learning input referring to two interconnected causal relations forming a causal chain (Experiment 1) or a common-cause model (Experiments 2a, b). One of the three events (i.e., the intermediate event of the chain, or the c...
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PMID: 19562395
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Medicine (40)5 2010
Abstract
Brain activation in depression during expecting events of unknown emotional valence was comparable with activation while expecting certainly negative, but not positive events. This neurobiological finding is consistent with cognitive models supposing that depressed patients develop a 'pessimistic' a...
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PMID: 19732480
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Medicine (40)5 2010
Abstract
Response to antidepressant medication is higher in comparator versus placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Patient expectancy is an important influence on clinical outcome in the treatment of depression and may explain this finding. The results are reported from a pilot RCT studyin...
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PMID: 19732481
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fiedler and Kareev (2006) showed that small samples can, in principle, outperform large samples in terms of the quality of contingency-based binary choice. The 1st part of this comment critically examines these authors' claim that this small sample advantage (SSA) contradicts Bernoulli's law of larg...
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PMID: 20438280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper reviews the relationships between trance or altered state effects, suggestibility, and expectancy as these concepts are defined in the theorizing of Weitzenhoffer (2002), Holroyd (2003), Kirsch (1991), and others, for the purpose of demonstrating how these concepts can be assessed with th...
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PMID: 20499542
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study sought to determine if self-reported hypnotic depth (srHD) could be predicted from the variables of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory - Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP) (Pekala, 1995a, 1995b; Pekala & Kumar, 2007; Pekala et al., 2010), assessing several of the processes...
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PMID: 20499543
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain and Cognition (72)3 2010
Abstract
It is well known that sensorimotor memories are built and updated through experience with objects. These representations are useful to anticipatory and feedforward control processes that preset grip and load forces during lifting. When individuals lift objects with qualities that are not congruent w...
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PMID: 20034721
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This prospective study examined the role of experiential avoidance and catastrophic misinterpretations of grief reactions in emotional distress following the death of a loved one. Eighty-two bereaved individuals completed measures of experiential avoidance, catastrophic misinterpretations, and sympt...
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PMID: 20386253
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The dot pattern expectancy (DPX) task was created to efficiently assess context-processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Three studies investigated the characteristics of the DPX relevant for clinical applications. To answer questions regarding the psychometric properties of the task, per...
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PMID: 20230159
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Medicine (40)3 2010
Abstract
These data provide further evidence that the self-referent bias for processing negative information that characterizes NSD can be absent in SD, this time in the domain of future event processing....
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PMID: 19627643
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Health Psychology (29)2 2010
Abstract
With unexpected symptoms controlled, observation of symptom displays increased reports of expected symptoms significantly. In addition, the presence of another person of the same gender as the participant increased the production of expected symptoms, even when symptoms were not modeled by the confe...
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PMID: 20230091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Young people between the ages of 13 to 24 are at persistent risk for HIV infection in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). Young adulthood is a period characterized by experimentation, including engagement in risky behaviors (e.g., substance use and sexual beha...
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PMID: 20166783
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Changed state anxiety observed after CBM-I is not a valid indicator of a causal relationship. The finding that CBM-I affected interpretive bias, which in turn affected trait anxiety, supports the assumption of a causal relationship between interpretive bias and trait anxiety. This is promising in li...
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PMID: 19995465
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in order to find out whether textual features of narratives differentially affect credibility judgments made by judges having different levels of absorption (a disposition associated with rich visual imagination). Participants in both experiments were exposed to a text...
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PMID: 20923085
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Specific autobiographical memories have been theorised to serve a directive function, whereby the content of the memory directs behaviour outside awareness. The present research tested whether the extent to which a memory feels low in closure, or psychologically not in the past, moderates this direc...
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PMID: 19953423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of dance medicine &science : official publication of theInternational Association for Dance Medicine & Science (14)1 2010
Abstract
Eye fixations and saccades (eye movements) of expert and novice dance observers were compared to determine the effect of acquired expectations on observations of human movement, body morphology, and dance configurations. As hypothesized, measured fixation times of dance experts were significantly sh...
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PMID: 20214851
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dynamical systems modeling was used to analyze fluctuations in the pain prediction process of people with rheumatoid arthritis. 170 people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis completed 29 consecutive days of diaries. Difference scores between pain predictions and next-day pain experience ratings pro...
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PMID: 20021776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We selected six therapies for review on the basis of the diversity of their theoretical rationales and evidence for superior efficacy: psychoanalytic psychotherapy, hypercapnic breathing training, hypocapnic breathing training, reprocessing with and without eye-movement desensitization, muscle relax...
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PMID: 20049938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychiatria polska (44)2 2010
Abstract
Neurobiology of the placebo effect dates back to 1978, when Levine discovered that its analgesic action is reversed by naloxone. Since then, various studies have been performed to estimate the impact of placebo on brain metabolism and neurotransmission in analgesia, depression or the Parkinson's dis...
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PMID: 20677441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychobiology (61)2 2010
Abstract
We predicted that the neuroleptic-naïve patients would show deficits in these cognitive processes.
Twenty-nine neuroleptic-naïve FE schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy controls - matched by age, gender, and nicotine consumption - performed 3 tests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological...
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PMID: 20016226
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We think that set formation (and extinction) is associated in different groups of subjects with different cortico-subcortical relations at different stages of the set....
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PMID: 20873130
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A neural model is developed to explain how humans can approach a goal object on foot while steering around obstacles to avoid collisions in a cluttered environment. The model uses optic flow from a 3-dimensional virtual reality environment to determine the position of objects on the basis of motion...
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PMID: 19803653
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
How does past experience influence visual search strategy (i.e., attentional set)? Recent reports have shown that, when given the option to use 1 of 2 attentional sets, observers persist with the set previously required in a training phase. Here, 2 related questions are addressed. First, does the tr...
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PMID: 19803644
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Four experiments investigated the influence of a sudden social request on the kinematics of a preplanned action. In Experiment 1, participants were requested to grasp an object and then locate it within a container (unperturbed trials). On 20% of trials, a human agent seated nearby the participant u...
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PMID: 19803652
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We also consider the possible advantages of the PWI task over cross-modal priming and "visual-world" procedures when studying these issues.
PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved....
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PMID: 19803658
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Although caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world, the mechanisms associated with consumption are not well understood. Nonetheless, outcome expectancies for caffeine use are thought to underlie caffeine's reinforcing properties. To date, however, there is no available, suf...
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PMID: 19769434
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether the implicit activation of alcohol expectancies (i.e., sociability-related expectancies) would also lead to changes in self-perception. To test this idea, participants first completed a measure of sociability-related alcohol expectancies. In a subsequent laboratory session, parti...
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PMID: 19769437
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A within-person multilevel approach was used to model the links between alcohol use and sexual behavior among first-year college students, using up to 14 days of data for each person with occasions (Level 1, N = 2879 days) nested within people (Level 2, N = 218 people; 51.4% male). Between-persons (...
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PMID: 19769431
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results provide support for influences of genetic factors and alcohol sensitivity on alcohol-related learning and suggest the importance of developing biopsychosocial models of drinking behavior in Asian Americans.
2009 APA, all rights reserved....
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PMID: 19769429
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Social Psychology (48)Pt 3 2009
Abstract
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that priming the collective self improves some visual search tasks. In both experiments, participants searched for an O among Qs. The pattern of distracters was manipulated across experiments to allow the possibility of grouping (Experiment 1) or to disallow thi...
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PMID: 18789184
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Bulletin (135)4 2009
Abstract
A dual-process model of the alcohol-behavior link is presented, synthesizing 2 of the major social-cognitive approaches: expectancy and myopia theories. Substantial evidence has accrued to support both of these models, and recent neurocognitive models of the effects of alcohol on thought and behavio...
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PMID: 19586160
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Naïve observers typically perceive some groupings for a set of stimuli as more intuitive than others. The problem of predicting category intuitiveness has been historically considered the remit of models of unsupervised categorization. In contrast, this article develops a measure of category intu...
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PMID: 19586270
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There are several different personality traits that dispose individuals to engage in rash action. One such trait is positive urgency: the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extremely positive affect. This trait may be relevant for college student risky behavior, because it appears that a great...
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PMID: 19586152
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the stop-signal paradigm, fast responses are harder to inhibit than slow responses, so subjects must balance speed in the go task with successful stopping in the stop task. In theory, subjects achieve this balance by adjusting response thresholds for the go task, making proactive adjustments in r...
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PMID: 19485695
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We frequently encounter groups of similar objects in our visual environment: a bed of flowers, a basket of oranges, a crowd of people. How does the visual system process such redundancy? Research shows that rather than code every element in a texture, the visual system favors a summary statistical r...
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PMID: 19485687
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Distinctive aspects of a scene can capture attention even when they are irrelevant to one's goals. The authors address whether visually unique, unexpected, but task-irrelevant features also tend to hold attention. Observers searched through displays in which the color of each item was irrelevant. At...
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PMID: 19485693
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Many robust analogs of the classic analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method have been proposed, some of which are based on some type of regression smoother. A method that first appeared in this journal, which is relatively simple and performs well in simulations, is based on a running interval smoothe...
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PMID: 18652737
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We trained rhesus monkeys on a nonsymbolic numerical matching-to-sample task, and on a numerical ordering task. We then introduced nondifferentially reinforced trials that contained empty sets to determine whether monkeys would treat empty sets as numerical values. All monkeys successfully matched a...
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PMID: 19397383
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Clinical presentations of EF deficits, definitions and operationalization of the construct, as well as selection of appropriate assessment methods are provided. CONCLUSION: The article concludes with general cautions and guidelines for researchers....
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PMID: 19455377
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A number of researchers have emphasized the role of distractors intervening between successive targets as the primary determinant of the attentional blink (AB) phenomenon. They argued that the AB is abolished when 3 or more targets are displayed as temporally contiguous items in rapidly presented se...
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PMID: 19331492
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present results support the Climate Management and Treatment Education (CLIMATE) Schools: alcohol module as an effective intervention in increasing alcohol knowledge and reducing alcohol use in the short term....
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PMID: 19221908
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A skew in the base rate of upcoming events can often provide a better cue for accurate predictions than a contingency between signals and events. The authors study prediction behavior and test people's sensitivity to both base rate and contingency; they also examine people's ability to compare the b...
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PMID: 19271852
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cognitive Psychology (58)1 2009
Abstract
We examined the effectiveness of nonidiomatic and idiomatic phrasal verbs in inducing structural generalizations. Three experiments made use of a syntactic priming paradigm in which participants recalled sentences they had read in rapid serial visual presentation. Prime and target sentences containe...
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PMID: 18644587
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.