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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Mental Processes (8):
Recent article
Mental Processes
The Lancet (378)9797 2011
Abstract
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Abstract
Abstract
Anesthesiology (114)1 2011
Abstract
Anesthesiology (114)1 2011
Abstract
We addressed whether performance on an implicit mental rotation task reflects these RA-induced changes in body schema brain representations. Studying these changes in healthy volunteers may shed light on normal function and the central mechanisms of pain.
Performance pattern was studied in upper lim...
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PMID: 21169795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Video game playing has been linked to obesity in many observational studies. However, the influence of this sedentary activity on food intake is unknown.
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PMID: 21490141
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the organization and function of the ventral object processing pathway. The prevailing theoretical approach in this field holds that the ventral object processing stream has a modular organization, in which visual perception is carried out in posterior regions and visual memory is carrie...
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PMID: 19929757
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Australasian Psychiatry (18)5 2010
Abstract
Further exploration in how clinical decisions are made by psychiatrists is necessary. An understanding of the manner in which therapeutic alliances are formed between the clinician and the patient is necessary to understand decision making....
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PMID: 20863174
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A proper understanding of cognitive functions cannot be achieved without an understanding of consciousness, both at the empirical and at the theoretical level. This paper argues that consciousness has to do with a system's capacity for information integration. In this approach, every causal mechanis...
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PMID: 21175016
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report 6 studies that indicate that people are cued by the features of the decision problem to follow intuition or reason when making their choice. That is, when features of the choice resemble features commonly associated with rational processing, people tend to decide on the basis of reason; wh...
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PMID: 20658841
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether phonological deficits are a consequence of magnocellular processing deficits in dyslexic and control children. In Experiment 1, children were tested for reading ability, phonological awareness, visuo-magnocellular motion perception, and attention shifting (sometimes considere...
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PMID: 20680995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present evidence that a domain general, rather than a phonology specific, deficits in the ability to implicitly use contextual information, which we term anchoring, can account for both types of deficits. We propose that anchoring ability, which reflects a basic biological mechanism for replacing...
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PMID: 20680994
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We interpret these results in terms of the role of abstract representations in reducing selection demands to aid the development of endogenous control.
Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20472227
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)10 2010
Abstract
Non-deficit participants present a leftward bias (pseudoneglect) in a physical line bisection task. This is also true for the mental number line bisection task. Physical and number line bisection were examined in university students diagnosed as suffering from developmental dyscalculia (DD) (IQ and...
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PMID: 20594996
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesised that MOR's treatment mechanism works through repetition of high frequency words (i.e., bottom-up processing). We designed and controlled our text passages to test the hypothesis that participants would not improve on all novel text but would improve on text that includes a critical m...
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PMID: 20574915
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Chronic hyperammonemia may negatively affect attention. Eating breakfast improves attention and executive functions of patients with MHE. Prolonged periods of starvation may be partly responsible for these changes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01083446....
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PMID: 20444959
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain and Language (114)1 2010
Abstract
Despite the importance of semantic relationships to our understanding of semantic knowledge, the nature of the neural processes underlying these abilities are not well understood. In order to investigate these processes, 20 healthy adults listened to thematically related (e.g., leash-dog), taxonomic...
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PMID: 20403632
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine short- and long-term functional effects following exposure of neonatal rat pups to phenobarbital; the functions tested include striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic responses and reflex development in pups, and fear conditioning, emotionality, and sensory-motor gating in a...
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PMID: 20618394
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyse semi-structured interviews with 30 adult Danish cancer patients and their families. Special focus is given to symptom interpretation processes, and how these processes potentially delay care-seeking decisions. The paper adopts a contextual approach inspired mainly by the sociologist Alonz...
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PMID: 20488607
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)27 2010
Abstract
We investigated whether individual differences in neural specificity-the distinctiveness of different neural representations-could explain individual differences in cognitive performance in older adults. Neural specificity was estimated based on how accurately multivariate pattern analysis identifie...
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PMID: 20610760
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cultural neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field of research that investigates interrelations among culture, mind and the brain. Drawing on both the growing body of scientific evidence on cultural variation in psychological processes and the recent development of social and cognitive neuroscience...
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PMID: 20592042
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ciencia and Saude Coletiva (15 Suppl 1) 2010
Abstract
We performed semi-structured interviews to 100 women who had just given birth in a maternity hospital in the northern area of the country and whose residence were located in the municipalities of Amares, Braga, Póvoa de Lanhoso, Vila Verde, Vieira do Minho and Terras de Bouro. We tried to identify...
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PMID: 20640296
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied whether individual performance (N=117) in divergent thinking (alternative uses task) and convergent thinking (remote association task) can be predicted by the individual spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR), a clinical marker of dopaminergic functioning. EBR predicted flexibility in divergent...
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PMID: 20334856
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural Networks (23)5 2010
Abstract
The amount of information contained in a piece of data can be measured by the effect this data has on its observer. Fundamentally, this effect is to transform the observer's prior beliefs into posterior beliefs, according to Bayes theorem. Thus the amount of information can be measured in a natural...
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PMID: 20080025
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The human brain consists of millions of neural nerve cells being interconnected and firing in parallel in order to process information. A fundamental question is how this parallel neuron-firing can result in a unified experience. This is the so-called binding problem--a problem that is one of today'...
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PMID: 19932130
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain and Language (113)3 2010
Abstract
We tested 24 individuals aged 56-79 on two confrontation-naming tests (the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Action Naming Test (ANT)), then collected from these individuals structural Magnetic-Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data. Overall, several regions showed that great...
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PMID: 20399492
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain and Language (113)3 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate the impact of sentence context on the processing of words not available for conscious report by recording ERPs as sentences ended congruously or incongruously. Sentence final words were either masked to prevent their conscious identification, or were unmasked. For both masked and unma...
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PMID: 20303578
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pediatrics (125)6 2010
Abstract
Timely vaccination during infancy has no adverse effect on neuropsychological outcomes 7 to 10 years later. These data may reassure parents who are concerned that children receive too many vaccines too soon....
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PMID: 20498176
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the self-regulatory skills of 222 male and female talented athletes aged 12-16 years as a function of competitive sport level (junior international or junior national athletes) and type of sport (individual or team sports). Multivariate analyses of covariance in combination with a discri...
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PMID: 20544490
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We sought to derive whole face representations directly from neural activity in the human brain using electroencephalography (EEG). We presented ambiguous fractal noise stimuli to human participants and asked them to rate each stimulus along a "face not present" to "face present" continuum while sim...
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PMID: 20156567
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We introduce a new circular statistic, the PPC (pairwise phase consistency). We demonstrate that the sample estimate of the PPC is a bias-free and consistent estimator of its corresponding population parameter. We show, both analytically and by means of numerical simulations, that the population sta...
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PMID: 20114076
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We aimed to identify this network. Correlation of IAF with regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) in fifteen young healthy subjects revealed a network of brain areas that are associated with the modulation of attention and preparedness for external input, which are relevant for task execution. We hypot...
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PMID: 20156573
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We compare mean-field and neural-mass models of electrophysiological responses using Bayesian model comparison. In previous work, we presented a mean-field model of neuronal dynamics as observed with magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. Unlike neural-mass models, which consider only th...
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PMID: 20132892
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (51)1 2010
Abstract
We show here that strong brain-behaviour links can be revealed without any voxel selection or data reduction, using just plain linear regression as a classifier applied to the whole brain at once, i.e. treating each entire brain volume as a single multi-voxel pattern. The brain-behaviour correlation...
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PMID: 20132896
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1330) 2010
Abstract
The present event-related potentials (ERP) study investigated the mechanisms by which cognitive load reduces the negative priming (NP) effect in a letter flanker task. On each trial, participants (N=20) first encoded a set of one to five digits, then responded to two successive flanker displays (pri...
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PMID: 20233584
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)19 2010
Abstract
We often have to make decisions with risky consequences, such as choosing a restaurant for dinner or choosing a form of retirement saving. To date, however, little is known about how the brain processes risk. Recent conceptualizations of risky decision making highlight that it is generally associate...
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PMID: 20463224
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Though it is well known that solving mental tasks elicits tonic increases in cardiovascular activity, a good theory explaining the specificity of this effect is lacking. It is also unclear why different kinds of mental tasks elicit different response patterns. The aim of the experiment was to compar...
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PMID: 20170707
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychopharmacology (209)4 2010
Abstract
While limited to participant accuracy, these data suggest that the behavioral effects of nicotine in smokers are not only limited to information processing input (i.e., selective attention) but are also generalizable to output functions (i.e., motor intention). Moreover, nicotine's effects on intent...
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PMID: 20309531
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Brain Research (203)1 2010
Abstract
Selective attention is popularly assessed with colour Stroop tasks in which participants name the ink colour of colour words, whilst resisting interference from the natural tendency to read the words. Prior studies hinted that the key brain regions (dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) and anterior cingu...
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PMID: 20336280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural Computation (22)5 2010
Abstract
We developed a rate-based network model of visual processing. In the model, decreased neural activity following priming was due to stimulus-specific sharpening of representations taking place in the early visual areas. Representation sharpening led to decreased interference of representations in hig...
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PMID: 20028230
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a contemporary characterization of depressive cognition and discuss how different cognitive processes are related not only to each other, but also to emotion dysregulation, the hallmark feature of depression. We conclude that depression is characterized by increased elaboration of negativ...
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PMID: 20192795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Surgical Endoscopy (24)4 2010
Abstract
Under distracting conditions, the medical interns showed a significant decline in task performance (overall task score, task errors, and operating time) and significantly increased levels of irritation toward both the assistant handling the laparoscope in a nonoptimal way and the sources of social d...
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PMID: 19789922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Published empirical evidence for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) does not address some essential questions pertaining to the applied practice of intellectual assessment. In this study, the structure and cross-age invariance of the latest WAIS-IV revision were examined...
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PMID: 20230158
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The impact of age-related changes in visual-perceptual processing on naming ability has not been reported. The present study investigated the effects of 6 levels of spatial frequency and 6 levels of contrast on accuracy and latency to name objects in 14 young and 13 older neurologically normal adult...
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PMID: 19670050
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Bulletin (136)2 2010
Abstract
We contrast different conceptions of mind wandering that were presented in 2 recent theoretical reviews: Smallwood and Schooler (2006) and Watkins (2008). We also introduce a new perspective on the role of executive control in mind wandering by integrating empirical evidence presented in Smallwood a...
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PMID: 20192557
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Bulletin (136)2 2010
Abstract
Interest in meaning and meaning making in the context of stressful life events continues to grow, but research is hampered by conceptual and methodological limitations. Drawing on current theories, the author first presents an integrated model of meaning making. This model distinguishes between the...
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PMID: 20192563
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied normal young adults (n = 27) who completed measures of dispositional mindfulness and depressive symptomatology, which were then correlated with (a) rest: resting neural activity during passive viewing of a fixation cross, relative to a simple goal-directed task (shape-matching); and (b) r...
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PMID: 20141298
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested 5 hypotheses: (a) that the relation between earlier developmental experiences (peer social rejection and victimization in a romantic relationship) and adult violent behavior toward peers and romantic partners is specific to relationship domain; (b) that the relation between social-informat...
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PMID: 20085394
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We implemented an experimental validation to demonstrate that high frequency components could provide helpful information for improving the performance of the mental task based BCI. Electromyography (EMG) and electrooculography (EOG) artifacts were removed by using blind source separation (BSS) tech...
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PMID: 20192055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psicothema (22)1 2010
Abstract
We tested 94 participants with the NEO-PI-R and with a conditional inference task that was tailored based on the items in the NEO-PI-R personality test. We found, in general, that our participants reasoned better (higher rate of Modus Tollens) with the materials that were related to the personality...
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PMID: 20100428
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)4 2010
Abstract
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess how the human brain mediates the balance between proximal reward desiring and long-term goals, when actions promoting a superordinate goal preclude exploitation of an immediately available reward option. Consistent with the view that the reward...
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PMID: 20107076
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)4 2010
Abstract
We used fMRI to confirm a three-way segregation of function between three regions of medial anterior PFC, each centered on coordinates within 15 mm of the other two. Naive participants performed three tasks based on earlier studies, and we investigated activity at regions defined by previous results...
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PMID: 20107051
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Thematic organization is the association of information that is observed within a given time frame or event, and taxonomic organization is characterized by class membership based on featural overlap. Research in cognitive psychology has suggested a developmental progression in preference from themat...
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PMID: 20923083
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the literature on SSVEP-based BCIs and comprehensively report on the different RVS choices in terms of rendering devices, properties, and their potential influence on BCI performance, user safety and comfort....
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PMID: 20224799
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Language and Speech (53)Pt 2 2010
Abstract
We compare a conflict versus non-conflict situation across English dialects. Based on differences in the vowel height representation, the conflict occurs in American English, but not in New Zealand English. The results show that there is a lack of priming in the conflict, but not in the non-conflict...
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PMID: 20583731
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two important forces in human behavior are action and inaction. Although action and inaction are commonly associated with the presence and the absence of behavioral activity, they can also be represented as information processing goals. Action (inaction) goals influence decision effort and increase...
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PMID: 20053028
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We trace the ways in which each method informs us about the potential value of several proposed factors. Currently, lines of converging evidence allow the strongest case to be made for physical and cognitively stimulating activities. Although epidemiological data seem to favor the use of statins to...
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PMID: 20308777
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Intelligence can be defined as a general mental ability for reasoning, problem solving, and learning. Because of its general nature, intelligence integrates cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, or planning. On the basis of this definition, intelligence...
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PMID: 21319494
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medicina nei secoli (22)1-3 2010
Abstract
We have followed Cardano's advice, to inquire minutiae, fragments, reiterating the work on texts....
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PMID: 21563475
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.