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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Viruses (17):
Recent article
Viruses
Abstract
We focus on 'crosstalk manipulation' - the microbial strategies that instigate, subvert or disrupt the molecular signalling crosstalk between receptors of the innate immune system. This proactive interference undermines host defences and contributes to microbial adaptive fitness and persistent infec...
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PMID: 21350579
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We discuss the concepts and methods that allow VNPs to be engineered, including (i) bioconjugation chemistries, (ii) encapsulation techniques, (iii) mineralization strategies, and (iv) film and hydrogel development. With all these techniques in hand, the potential applications of VNPs are limited on...
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PMID: 21047140
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A family of biodegradable poly(amine-co-esters) was synthesized in one step via enzymatic copolymerization of diesters with amino-substituted diols. Diesters of length C(4) -C(12) (i.e., from succinate to dodecanedioate) were successfully copolymerized with diethanolamines with eithe...
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PMID: 21171165
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
For a virus to establish persistence in the host, it has to exploit the host immune system such that the active T-cell responses against the virus are curbed. On the other hand, the goal of the immune system is to clear the virus, following which the immune responses need to be downregulated, by a p...
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PMID: 20941625
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gel-filtration chromatography is a popular and versatile technique that permits the effective separation of proteins and other biological molecules in high yield. Here, the basis of the method is described and typical matrix types are contrasted. The selection of suitable operating conditions and ap...
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PMID: 20978958
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The storage of the different microorganisms over long periods is necessary to ensure reproducible results and continuity in research and in biomedical processes and also for commercial purposes. Effective storage means that a microorganism is maintained in a viable state free of contamination or gen...
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PMID: 20949399
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Trends in Microbiology (19)1 2011
Abstract
We argue that the dynamics of within-host evolution has implications at the within-host and at the between-host levels. We first show that epidemiologists should consider within-host evolution, notably because it affects the genotype of the pathogen that is transmitted. We then present studies that...
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PMID: 21055948
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Trends in Microbiology (19)1 2011
Abstract
We examine assembly of virus capsids, focusing on hepatitis B virus and bacteriophage MS2, and formation of glycoproteins in the alphaviruses. These systems are structurally and biochemically well-characterized and are simplest-case paradigms of self-assembly. Published data suggest that capsid and...
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PMID: 21163649
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine playing an important role in the restriction of viral spread. A time- and dose-dependent increase in IP-10 is found upon activation of viral receptors expressed on mesothelial cells, which provides novel evidence for a link betwe...
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PMID: 21106778
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology and Infection (138)12 2010
Abstract
Although pneumonia is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, comprehensive information about its causes and incidence in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Active surveillance of hospitalized patients with pneumonia is ongoing in Thailand. Consenting patients are teste...
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PMID: 20353622
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Viral and prokaryotic abundance, production and diversity were determined throughout the water column of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to assess potential variations in the relation between viruses and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic activity decreased by one and three orders o...
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PMID: 20485386
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Trends in Microbiology (18)10 2010
Abstract
One of the key questions in the study of mammalian gene regulation is how epigenetic methylation patterns on histones and DNA are initiated and established. These stable, heritable, covalent modifications are largely associated with the repression or silencing of gene transcription, and when deregul...
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PMID: 20724161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Oligonucleotides (20)5 2010
Abstract
Abstract
Viral infection activates both the innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated as a trigger of autoimmune diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This review summarizes our knowledge respecting the role of viral infection in the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis....
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PMID: 20625285
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Discovery medicine (10)53 2010
Abstract
We highlight some of the major challenges we face in unraveling this complexity and summarize current efforts under way to improve the efficacy of viral vaccines....
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PMID: 21034678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. The implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. This study was undertaken on Iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection.
A total of 202 specimens were t...
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PMID: 20879092
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Large amounts of respiratory viruses are shed in nasal secretions by children. Nasal mucus was compared with nasopharyngeal swabs as a source for respiratory virus testing. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected virus in nasal mucus specimens in 73% (11/15) of positive ca...
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PMID: 20879094
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We develop an analytical framework that links the dynamical nature of immunity and viral variation across these scales. Our epidemiological model incorporates within-host viral evolutionary dynamics for a virus that causes acute infections (e.g. influenza and norovirus) with changes in host immunity...
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PMID: 20335194
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A continuum model based on the contact mechanics theory was developed and used for evaluating virus indentation forces at the early stage of membrane invagination, as well as the work of the virus indentation forces and virus-cell contact pressures in a receptor-mediated endocytosis, depending on th...
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PMID: 20670063
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A significant limitation to the use of viruses as systemic vectors is the susceptibility of the vector to inactivation and clearance by various blood components. Despite much focus on antibodies as the primary neutralizing molecules in blood, other mechanisms inactivate and clear virus particles fro...
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PMID: 20677092
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Sialidases are very common in biological systems. They are found particularly in diverse virus families and bacteria, but also in protozoa, some invertebrates and mammalian. The enzymes differ in their biochemical properties, e.g., kinetics, binding affinity or substrate preference. Nevertheless, th...
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PMID: 20824954
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cell Host & Microbe (8)1 2010
Abstract
RNA-based viral immunity (RVI) operates in fungi, plants, and invertebrates to specifically destroy viral RNAs using the cellular RNA interference machinery. Discovery of diverse viral proteins as suppressors of RNA silencing provides strong validation for the effectiveness of RVI. H...
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PMID: 20638637
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cell Host & Microbe (8)1 2010
Abstract
The activation of inflammasomes containing NBD-LRR (NLRs) or non-NLRs is critical for effective host defense against microbial pathogens. Recent discoveries have uncovered a plethora of pathogenic strategies to inhibit inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1beta and IL-18. We review...
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PMID: 20638636
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Viral particles are generally too large to diffuse freely within the crowded environment of the host cell cytoplasm. They depend on mammalian cell transport systems, in particular the microtubular molecular motor dynein, to deliver their nucleic acids to the vicinity of the nucleus. An understanding...
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PMID: 20638267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We focus on host factors that influence the outcome of viral infection, including genetic susceptibility, the age of the host when infected, the dose and route of infection, the induction of anti-inflammatory cells and proteins, as well as the presence of concurrent infections and past exposure to c...
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PMID: 20577268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We highlight the metabolic aspects of viral infection found in these studies, and focus on the opportunities these requirements present for metabolic engineers. In particular, the objectives and approaches that metabolic engineers use are readily comparable to the behaviors exhibited by viruses duri...
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PMID: 20665642
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Respiratory tract viral infections are responsible for an incredible amount of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Older diagnostic methods, such as tissue culture and serology, have been replaced with more advanced molecular techniques, such as PCR and reverse-transcriptase PCR, nucleic a...
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PMID: 20521935
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Particulate structures hold great promise for the development of effective and affordable recombinant prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines. Different types of particulate structures, including virus-like particles (VLPs) and virosomes, have been developed depending on the nature of the viral...
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PMID: 20353398
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The conjugation between nanotubes, coated with different doses of polyethylene imine (PEI) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Z-potential, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray diffrac...
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PMID: 20404402
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Gene Therapy (10)3 2010
Abstract
Application of viral vectors derived from human viruses to mediate immune response in animals and humans has been greatly hampered by the problems associated with pre-existing immunity and associated toxicities. Among few non-human viral vectors, baculovirus has now evolved as a nove...
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PMID: 20394572
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Functional gene discovery using RNA interference-based genomic screens to combat pathogen infection.
Abstract
We will discuss recent strategies for RNAi-based genomic screens to investigate hostpathogen mechanisms in human cell models using both bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Listeria monocytogenes, and viruses, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HI...
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PMID: 20836760
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
ISME Journal (4)6 2010
Abstract
These results suggest a model wherein functionally redundant microbial and viral taxa are cycling at the level of viral genotypes and virus-sensitive microbial strains. Microbial taxa, viral taxa, and metabolic function persist over time in stable ecosystems and both communities fluctuate in a Kill-...
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PMID: 20147985
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated that human adenovirus had the highest detection rate (96.3%), followed by somatic coliphages (73.5%), human polyomavirus (68.6%), and rotavirus (63.5%). However, norovirus GII and enterovirus were found in only 25.7 and 17.8%, respectively. The concentration of the viral genome range...
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PMID: 20556879
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Out of 270 stool samples tested in this study for various causative agents of gastroenteritis, total number of positive samples were 106 (39%). Of these, 90 (33%) had viral etiology, of which Rotavirus type A (serotype G) was found in the majority of cases 60 (22%), Adenovirus in 20 (7%) patients, a...
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PMID: 20527643
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed a complementary approach in which viral and synthetic components are combined to form hybrid nanoparticulate vectors. In particular, we complexed non-infectious retrovirus-like particles lacking a viral envelope protein, from Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-VLP) or human immunodef...
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PMID: 20117154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer is an effective mechanism for the exchange of genetic information in bacteria allowing bacterial diversification and facilitating adaptation to new environments. Recent data demonstrate that DNA may also be transferred between somatic cells via the uptake of apopt...
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PMID: 20494129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Journal of Chemical Physics (132)17 2010
Abstract
We introduce the ratio sigma of the average nearest-neighbor atom distance to the characteristic size of the features of the nanostructure of interest (e.g., a viral capsomer). We show that a unified treatment (i.e., lambda proportional to sigma) and a perturbation expansion around sigma=0 yields, t...
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PMID: 20459161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamics of complexation of functionalized charged nanospheres with viral proteins. The physics of this problem is governed not only by electrostatic interaction between the proteins and the nanosphere cores (screened by salt ions), but also by configurational degrees of fre...
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PMID: 20866273
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biologicals (38)3 2010
Abstract
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology / [bian ji, Bing du xue bao bian ji wei yuan hui] (26)3 2010
Abstract
Four dsRNA bands were extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus TD300 by the dsRNA isolation technique with sizes of 8.2 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.1 kb, and 1.1 kb, respectively. Four virus-eliminated methods, i. e. hyphal tips cut (HTC), protoplast regeneration (PR), single spore hybridization (SSH), and frozen and l...
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PMID: 20572349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (130)5 2010
Abstract
Alcohol based hand rubs have been used for hand hygiene in health-care settings. Compared with hand scrubbing, using suitable alcohol based hand rub provides several advantages like usability in a ward with no tap, requiring less time and mildly-irritating. Alcohol provides immediate activity, but p...
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PMID: 20460874
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Biology (20)7 2010
Abstract
I interferons and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1. Remarkable progress has been made over the past few years towards understanding the contribution of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I like receptors, NOD-like receptors and HIN-200 family members to viral detection. Furthermore, new complexiti...
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PMID: 20392426
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used pIRES2-EGFP/hES containing human endostatin (hES) cDNA as target gene to test the hypothesis that US exposure with microbubbles could improve liposomal transfection, and to investigate the possibility of intracellular delivery of ES gene using this method. Under the controlled US exposure co...
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PMID: 19585274
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Advances in clinical gene therapy have been modest although significant progress has been made during the past few years. New viruses have been introduced and new results have been collected from preclinical and clinical studies. This review will focus on cardiovascular and especially proangiogenic...
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PMID: 20163988
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this study, the correlation or comparability was assessed in the values of virus titers measured by either infectivity assay [reported as 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50)/ml)] or by immunofluorescence assay [reported as 50% fluorescent antibody infectious dose (FAID(50)/ml)]. The res...
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PMID: 20109494
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Antiviral Research (86)1 2010
Abstract
We review here the structural and enzymatic properties of the enzymes that carry out the activation of analogs used in therapy against human immunodeficiency virus and against DNA viruses such as hepatitis B, herpes and poxviruses. Four major classes of drugs are considered: thymidine analogs, non-n...
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PMID: 20417378
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Human viral contamination in drinking and recreational water may persist for extensive periods of time and cause a significant health risk concern. The aim of this study is to evaluate a viral recovery method using a new electropositive charged nanoalumina filter and to compare results with the wide...
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PMID: 20109500
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Methods in Molecular Biology (632)632 2010
Abstract
Glycans are vital elements of living organisms and are involved in recognition, communication, cell growth and development, motility, and other significant processes. The interactions of glycans with the proteins that bind them provide valuable information about protein interaction and specificity....
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PMID: 20217584
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
MeniCare Soft showed effective disinfection efficacy against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts using solution and regimen assays. The viruses were more resistant to disinfection in solution but were removed effectively from contact lenses using a rub-and-rinse or no-rub-and-rinse care regimen....
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PMID: 20107417
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cardio-cerebral vascular diseases endanger people's health very seriously. Thrombolytic therapy is effective in curing thrombotic diseases at present. Microorganism is an important source of thrombolytic drug. Plasminogen activators are widely used as thrombolytic drugs clinically, while they are st...
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PMID: 20545212
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study aims to assess the applicability of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for removal studies of adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus and Cryptosporidium by water treatment processes. Bench-scale coagulation jar tests were performed using the enteric viruses and Cryptosporidium. Standard methods (conv...
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PMID: 20009252
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Acta Paediatrica (99)3 2010
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if asthmatic children have viruses more commonly detected in lower airways during asymptomatic periods than normal children.
Fifty-five asymptomatic children attending elective surgical procedures (14 with stable asthma, 41 norma...
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PMID: 20003105
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Since DNA sequencing techniques first became available almost 30 years ago, the amount of nucleic acid sequence data has increased enormously. Phylogenetics, which is widely applied to compare and analyze such data, is particularly useful for the analysis of genes from rapidly evolving viruses. It h...
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PMID: 20367503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerated lagoons offer a low-cost and simple approach to treating domestic wastewater in small municipalities. The objective of the current study was to evaluate, for each cell in the lagoons, the removal of indicator microorganisms and human enteric viruses under warm (summer) and cold (early spring...
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PMID: 20237581
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.