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Norwalk virus (0):
Recent article
Norwalk virus
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoV) cause the great majority of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Expression of the capsid protein in recombinant systems, including insect and plant cells, yields assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the antigenic structure of authentic virions, and are re...
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PMID: 20218858
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Journal of Virology (84)4 2010
Abstract
We built structural models and recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of five GI strains: GI.1-1968, GI.1-2001, GI.2-1999, GI.3-1999, and GI.4-2000. Structural models of four GI genotype capsid P domain dimers suggested that intragenotype structural variation is limited, that the GI binding pocket...
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PMID: 20007270
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medical Journal of Australia (192)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We observed the greatest reduction in genomic copies of NV cDNA with the antibacterial liquid soap treatment (0.67 to 1.20 log(10) reduction) and water rinse only (0.58 to 1.58 log(10) reduction). The alcohol-based hand sanitizer was relatively ineffective, reducing the genomic copies of NV cDNA by...
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PMID: 19933337
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bing du xue bao = Chinese journal of virology / [bian ji, Bing du xue bao bian ji wei yuan hui] (25)4 2009
Abstract
I staining, electrophoretic analysis and restriction digestion. To evaluate the specificity of the RT-LAMP, 48 fecal specimens of Norwalk GII and 12 fecal specimens of group A rotaviruses were tested. To compare the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP with that of conventional RT-PCR, Norwalk GII RNA was ser...
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PMID: 19769163
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We synthesized A type 1, A type 2, B type 1, and B type 2 pentasaccharides in vitro and examined the function of the core structures in the binding between NoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and HBGAs. The attachment of five genogroup I (GI) VLPs from 5 genotypes and 11 GII VLPs from 8 genotypes, GI/1,...
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PMID: 18701592
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Water Research (42)17 2008
Abstract
We characterized the disinfection response of purified and dispersed Norwalk virus (NV) by bench-scale free chlorine disinfection using RT-PCR for virus assays. The inactivation of NV by two doses of free chlorine (1 and 5mg/L) at pH 6 and 5 degrees C based on two RT-PCR assays was similar to that o...
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PMID: 18760818
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Emerging Infectious Diseases (14)10 2008
Abstract
We evaluated persons who had been experimentally infected with Norwalk virus. Of 16 persons, clinical gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea and/or vomiting) developed in 11; symptomatic illness lasted 1-2 days. Virus shedding was first detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) 18 hours after partici...
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PMID: 18826818
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (82)19 2008
Abstract
We hypothesized that LC might be associated with the efficient replication of vesiviruses in cell culture and promote the replication of human norovirus in cells. To test this hypothesis, a recombinant plasmid was engineered in which the LC region of feline calicivirus (FCV) was placed under the con...
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PMID: 18632864
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We estimate the average probability of infection for a single Norwalk virus particle to be close to 0.5, exceeding that reported for any other virus studied to date. Infected subjects had a dose-dependent probability of becoming ill, ranging from 0.1 (at a dose of 10(3) NV genomes) to 0.7 (at 10(8)...
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PMID: 18551613
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We carried out x-ray crystallographic analysis of the capsid protein domain by itself and in complex with A- and H-type HBGA at a resolution of approximately 1.4 A. Despite differences in their carbohydrate sequence and linkage, both HBGAs bind to the same surface-exposed site in the capsid protein...
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PMID: 18599458
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An epidemic of acute gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk like viruses lasted for two weeks (January 26-February 9, 2007). A total of 39 cases were recorded, including 22 (56.4%) inpatients and 17 (43.6%) healthcare workers with disease symptoms. All patients (n = 22; 100%) were hospitalized at Departm...
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PMID: 18843852
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The study focuses on Infant Mental Health data from an outpatient psychiatric clinic using the "Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood" (DC 0-3) and parental questionnaires, CBCL and ITSC. In total, 138 infants (aged 0-3) went through th...
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PMID: 18363590
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (82)11 2008
Abstract
Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis. They recognize human histo-blood group antigens as receptors in a strain-specific manner. The structures presented here were analyzed in order to elucidate the structural basis for differences in ligand rec...
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PMID: 18385236
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Protracted diarrhea is a challenging problem after small bowel transplantation. We report two patients who developed Norwalk virus enteritis after small bowel transplantation. Both received oral HSIG with resolution of diarrhea within 48 h.
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PMID: 18221419
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously described stable transgenic plants that accumulate recombinant NV-like particles (rNVs) that were orally immunogenic in mice and humans. The transgenic approach suffers from long generation time and modest level of antigen accumulation. We now overcome these constraints with an efficie...
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PMID: 18325641
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (283)12 2008
Abstract
Crystal structures of Norwalk virus polymerase bound to an RNA primer-template duplex and either the natural substrate CTP or the inhibitor 5-nitrocytidine triphosphate have been determined to 1.8A resolution. These structures reveal a closed conformation of the polymerase that differs significantly...
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PMID: 18184655
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medicina Clínica (130)3 2008
Abstract
Journal of Virology (81)22 2007
Abstract
We reported the generation of Norwalk virus (NV) replicon-bearing cells in BHK21 and Huh-7 cells and demonstrated that alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) effectively inhibited the replication of NV in these cells. In continuing studies for screening potential antinoroviral agents, we tested IFN-gamma and...
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PMID: 17855555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)22 2007
Abstract
Noroviruses cause epidemic outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, and the number of reported outbreaks is increasing. Human norovirus strains do not grow in cell culture. However, murine norovirus (MNV) replicates in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and thus provides a tractable model...
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PMID: 17804495
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)22 2007
Abstract
We report for the first time that transfection of NV RNA, isolated from stool samples from human volunteers, into human hepatoma Huh-7 cells leads to viral replication, with expression of viral antigens, RNA replication, and release of viral particles into the medium. Prior treatment of the RNA with...
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PMID: 17855551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hospitals & Health Networks (81)10 2007
Abstract
Journal of Virology (81)18 2007
Abstract
We studied the genetic changes in the capsid proteins of GGII.4 strains over this period. A representative sample was drawn from 574 GGII.4 outbreak strains collected over 15 years of systematic surveillance in The Netherlands, and capsid genes were sequenced for a total of 26 strains. The three-dim...
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PMID: 17609280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated that a NV recombinant capsid protein (strain VA387, genogroup II.4) expressed in yeast (Pichia pastoris) spontaneously formed virus-like particles (VLPs) like those expressed in other in vitro systems. Oral administration of raw material from the yeast cell lysates containing 0.1 mg...
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PMID: 17133551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
RT-PCR is the most sensitive assay for the detection of human caliciviruses (HuCV) in stool and environmental samples. However, false negative results are commonly obtained due to the presence of RT-PCR inhibitors. In order to exclude such false negative results, an internal control (IC) was develop...
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PMID: 16857274
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the generation of cells expressing self-replicating NV RNA (NV replicon) following transfection of NV RNA bearing an engineered neomycin resistance gene into cell lines of human (Huh-7) or hamster (BHK21) origin. Expression of replicon RNA was significantly reduced in the presence of inter...
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PMID: 16843517
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Viruses-like particles (VLPs), assembled from capsid structural subunits of several different viruses, have found a number of biomedical applications such as vaccines and novel delivery systems for nucleic acids and small molecules. Production of recombinant proteins in different plant systems has b...
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PMID: 16997715
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (281)28 2006
Abstract
Greater than 99% of the Norwalk virus (NV) capsid consists of 180 copies of a single 58-kDa protein. Recombinantly expressed monomers self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) with a well defined icosahedral structure. NV-VLPs are an appropriate vaccine antigen since the antigenic determinants...
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PMID: 16675449
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Eighty specimens positive for Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were identified from 648 stool specimens, with a positivity rate of 12.35%, and sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) were identified in 2 specimens (0.31%). The monthly NLV positivity rate was 11.74% (Oct.), 14.16% (Nov.), 9. 09% (Dec.) and 13.95% (Ja...
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PMID: 16864088
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine rNV expression in tomato and potato using a plant-optimized gene, and test the immunogenicity of dried tomato fruit and potato tuber fed to mice. The synthetic gene increased rNV expression fourfold in tomato and potato plants, which assembled VLP. Four doses of 0.4 g freeze-dried tomato...
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PMID: 17177807
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether Norwalk virus or viruslike particles bind specifically to oyster tissues after bioaccumulation or addition to tissue sections. Since noroviruses attach to carbohydrates of the histo-blood group family, tests using immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluate specif...
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PMID: 16707048
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (80)10 2006
Abstract
We have determined the structure of the NV protease to 1.5 and 2.2 A from crystals grown in the absence or presence, respectively, of the protease inhibitor AEBSF [4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride]. The protease, which crystallizes as a stable dimer, exhibits a two-domain structure similar...
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PMID: 16641296
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Aerosol from activated mud decontamination plants used for the treatment of urban sewage can represent a vehicle for bacteria, virus and fungi. As a result, they become an infective hazard for plant personnel, the general population residing in the surrounding area and the occasional visitor. The pr...
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PMID: 17061403
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The influence of ionic strength on the electrostatic interaction of viruses with environmentally relevant surfaces was determined for three viruses, MS2, Q beta, and Norwalk. The virus is modeled as a particle comprised of ionizable amino acid residues in a shell surrounding a spherical RNA core of...
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PMID: 16083898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Journal (393)Pt 3 2006
Abstract
Our aim was to analyse the ability of human milk to inhibit the attachment of rNV VLPs (recombinant NV-like particles) to their carbohydrate ligands and to characterize potential inhibitors found in milk. Milk from women with the secretor phenotype was strongly inhibitory, unlike milk from women tha...
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PMID: 16266293
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I NoV strains (19%) and sapovirus (2%). Nucleotide-sequence analysis indicated a great diversity of NoV strains and implicated the emergence of one particular sequence variant in outbreaks occurring between July 2002 and June 2003. The public health impact of caliciviruses will not be fully apprecia...
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PMID: 16388489
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Microbiology and Immunology (50)11 2006
Abstract
We compared different routes of immunization with nonreplicating virus-like particles (VLPs) from recombinant Norwalk virus (rNV) and recombinant Mexico virus (rMX) administered to BALB/c mice to determine the efficiency of hybridoma production. Oral immunization with VLPs without adjuvant resulted...
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PMID: 17116984
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The binding of Norwalk virus (NV) recombinant capsids was tested in a panel of saliva samples collected from 96 donors with different ABO, secretor, and Lewis phenotypes. As previously reported, binding occurred specifically to saliva from secretors, regardless of their Lewis phenoty...
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PMID: 16107962
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We now report that a person's secretor genotype can also be determined from the archived serum samples. Of the 51 volunteers who participated in a NV challenge study, all eight non-secretors were resistant to NV infection, all of the 42 NV-infected volunteers were secretor positive, and a single uni...
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PMID: 16032732
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here replication of NV viral RNA and its packaging into virus particles in mammalian cells by intracellular expression of native forms of NV viral RNA devoid of extraneous nucleotide sequences derived from the expression vector by the use of replication-deficient vaccinia virus MVA encodin...
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PMID: 16002473
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Water Research (39)9 2005
Abstract
The degree to which microbes in the water column associate with settleable particles has important implications for microbial transport in receiving waters, as well as for microbial removal via sedimentation (i.e. detention basins). The partitioning behavior of several bacterial, protozoan and viral...
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PMID: 15899275
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have extensively studied plant expression, VLP assembly, and immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Norwalk virus capsid protein (NVCP). The HBsAg small protein (S protein) was found by TEM to assemble tubular membrane complexes derived from endoplasmic reticulum in suspension...
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PMID: 15734055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Transgenic plants present a novel system for both production and oral delivery of vaccine antigens. Production of protein antigen in food plants is substantially cheaper than production in bacterial, fungal, insect cell, or mammalian cell culture. Edible plants themselves can also serve as the oral...
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PMID: 15734057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We attempted to estimate monthly proportions of SG cases caused by the viral agents (RV, NV, AdV and other viruses (OV)) and bacterial agents in the whole of Japan. The estimation was carried out by using time series data of the incidence of SG and the viral and bacterial agents of SG, which were co...
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PMID: 16113503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Simple diagnostic tests are needed for the detection of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks. Salivary antibody assays provide an attractive alternative to collecting and testing serum or stool samples. Antibodies to Norwalk virus (NV) in oral fluid samples were compared with NV antibodies in serum collected f...
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PMID: 15539501
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed homologous viral internal controls for hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus, Norwalk virus and rotavirus. These internal controls can be used in RT-PCR assays for the detection of the above viruses by competitive amplification, thereby allowing the detection of false negatives in pr...
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PMID: 15350731
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEMS Microbiology Letters (237)2 2004
Abstract
A food-grade strain with nisRK stably integrated into the genome, was constructed in order to implement the nisin-controlled expression system (NICE) in Lactobacillus casei ATCC393. Expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was employed to optimize the system, which has been successfully...
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PMID: 15321687
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Food associated viruses are responsible for a high number of infectious diseases in man, mainly gastroenteritis and hepatitis. The three most important viral agents are noroviruses (NV) (formerly known as Norwalk-like viruses), Rotavirus (RV) and Hepatitis A-Virus (HAV). The numbers of infections in...
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PMID: 15469057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Infectious Diseases (189)11 2004
Abstract
Abstract
Journal of Virology (78)9 2004
Abstract
I norovirus) or MD145 (a genogroup II norovirus) was fused to the C terminus of enhanced green fluorescent protein. Expression of each fusion protein in cells showed evidence for its colocalization with the Golgi apparatus. These data indicate that the N-terminal protein of Norwalk virus interacts w...
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PMID: 15078964
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (279)16 2004
Abstract
Norwalk virus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis for which effective treatments are sorely lacking. To provide a basis for the rational design of novel antiviral agents, the main replication enzyme in Norwalk virus, the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), has been expressed i...
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PMID: 14764591
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Sporadic and fulminant NLV infections are present in Guangzhou. The children have the infection in their infancy, and the infection rate increases sharply with age....
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PMID: 15041544
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A simple, single tube, hot start, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rt RT-PCR) technique using SYBR green fluorescence was developed for the detection of genogroup I, cluster 1 Norwalk virus (NV) in stools. Sample dilution and heat release of viral RNA was effective as an alternative to more comp...
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PMID: 14715308
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have shown that Norwalk virus (NV) uses structures based on H type 1 as its primary receptor. Norwalk virus is the prototype of human caliciviruses, which collectively are responsible for the majority of gastroenteritis outbreaks in people of all ages. Individuals with two mutated FUT2 alleles, a...
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PMID: 15384573
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II, human astroviruses and enteroviruses is described. The protocol was developed and evaluated using the LightCycler and corresponding SYBR Green reagents. New primers were designed within conserved genome regions to optimize the detection range of virus subtypes of each genus. To enable the...
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PMID: 14656455
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Noroviruses are human enteric caliciviruses for which no cell culture is available. Consequently, the mechanisms and factors involved in their replication have been difficult to study. In an attempt to analyze the cis- and trans-acting factors that could have a role in NV replication, the 3(')-untra...
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PMID: 14623338
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.