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Viroids (0):
Recent article
Viroids
Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology (17)4 2009
Abstract
The plasmid containing the chimeric gene of HBsAg and HBcAg induced effective anti-HBs antibody response and strong HBcAg specific lymphocyte proliferative response, but could not induce anti-HBc antibody response. Fusion protein induced strong anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibody response, and it also ca...
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PMID: 19403026
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Over expression of pkv in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi (tobacco) resulted in stunting, reduced root formation, and delay in flowering, phenotypes similar to symptoms of PSTVd infection of tomato. In addition, homozygous T2 tobacco plants over expressing PKV were male sterile. Antisense expression of...
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PMID: 19689802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytopathology (99)1 2009
In vitro-transcribed Chrysanthemum stunt viroid RNA is infectious to chrysanthemum and other plants.
Abstract
We prepared linear CSVd RNA and analyzed its ability to cause disease in chrysanthemum plants. We found that linear CSVd replicated as efficiently as CSVd RNA isolated from the infected chrysanthemum plants. Additionally, the linear CSVd RNA was evaluated for its ability to infect other plants as we...
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PMID: 19055435
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (154)2 2009
Abstract
We tentatively propose the name Coleus blumei viroid 5 (CbVd-5)....
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PMID: 19112552
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (154)8 2009
Abstract
Citrus dwarfing viroid has been proposed as an agent to control tree size in high-density plantations. Thirty-three field isolates have been characterized, and the most frequent sequence/s have been identified. Five distinct variants were selected for biological characterization. Symptom expression...
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PMID: 19565323
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytopathology (98)11 2008
Abstract
These results suggest that this viroid has not emerged recently and that it is relatively widespread. Transmission assays to sweet orange, mandarin, and mandarin hybrids, clementine, satsuma, lemon, sour orange, Tahiti lime, Palestine sweet lime, calamondin, bergamot, and kumquat have shown that all...
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PMID: 18943408
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (82)20 2008
Abstract
We show, by rapid amplification of 5' and 3' cDNA ends and in vitro ligation assays, that ml CEVd (+) RNA resulting from cleavage of a dimeric transcript transgenically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana contains 5'-phosphomonoester and 3'-hydroxyl termini. The nature of these termini and the double-...
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PMID: 18701598
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Plant Physiology (148)1 2008
Abstract
We used a symptomatic transgenic line of Nicotiana benthamiana that expresses and processes dimeric forms of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). These plants were analyzed under different growing temperature conditions and were used as stocks in grafting assays with the rdr6i-Nb line, in which the RNA-dependen...
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PMID: 18599649
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current protocols in microbiology (Chapter 16) 2008
Abstract
Two-dimensional PAGE involving an initial fractionation under nondenaturing conditions followed by a second electrophoresis under denaturing conditions provides a powerful means to detect viroids and other small circular RNAs. This unit describes a method known as "R(eturn) PAGE" in which denaturati...
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PMID: 18729055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (389)7 2008
Abstract
We describe the process of HLVd elimination during development of hop pollen. HLVd propagates in uninucleate hop pollen, but is eliminated at stages following first pollen mitosis during pollen vacuolization and maturation. Only traces of HLVd were detected by RT-PCR in mature pollen after anthesis...
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PMID: 18627315
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Molecular Biology (380)1 2008
Abstract
We describe a platform for vaccine development based on the VLPs of RNA bacteriophage MS2. It serves for the engineered display of specific peptide sequences, but will also allow the construction of random peptide libraries from which specific binding activities can be recovered by affinity selectio...
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PMID: 18508079
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) by Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. Among all plant diseases which are caused by viroids, PSTVd was the first viroid which is recognized by plant pathologist. Suspended potato tubers from Razavi and Northern Khorasan provinces c...
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PMID: 18819657
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I palindrome structure and embedded upper central conserved region. Our results suggest that this conserved sequence and/or the stem-loop structure it forms is sufficient for import of PSTVd into the nucleus....
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PMID: 18211806
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We initially revisited the determination of the replication initiation sites of peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd). A universal initiation site for each of the PLMVd polarities (position A50/C51 and U284 for the plus and minus strands, respectively) that is shared by a relatively wide repertoire of...
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PMID: 18190946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Genetics (46)3-4 2008
Abstract
For this study, 68 plum samples were collected from 12 provinces of China. Low molecular weight RNAs were extracted and used for dot-blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and biological indexing using cucumber. Results showed that...
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PMID: 18324471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report similar results with members of the two families of nuclear- and chloroplast-replicating viroids. Moreover, homologous vd-sRNAs co-delivered mechanically also interfered with one of the viroids examined. The interference was sequence-specific, temperature-dependent and, in some cases, also...
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PMID: 18028975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Viroids, as a consequence of not encoding any protein, are extremely dependent on their hosts. Replication of these minimal genomes, composed exclusively by a circular RNA of 246-401 nt, occurs in the nucleus (family Pospiviroidae) or in the chloroplast (family Avsunviroidae) by an RNA-based rolling...
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PMID: 18370255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Plant Cell Online (20)1 2008
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that these loops/bulges are functional motifs that regulate replication in single cells or trafficking in a plant. Through a genome-wide mutational analysis, we identified multiple loops/bulges essential or important for each of these biological processes. Our results led to...
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PMID: 18178767
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Forty PSTVd isolates collected from five regions of Russia (North-western, Central, Volga region, Northern Caucasus and the Far East) were sequenced during 2006-2008. All isolates lacked the adenine residue present at position 123 of the type strain; i.e., PSTVd-intermediate (GenBank V01465). Ninete...
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PMID: 19226770
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Genetic engineering offers a means of incorporating new virus resistance traits into existing desirable plant cultivars. The initial attempts to create transgenes conferring virus resistance were based on the pathogen-derived resistance concept. The expression of the viral coat protein gene in trans...
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PMID: 18705886
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Studies on Atalantia citroides, a citrus relative, revealed the existence of a viroid not described previously. The new viroid has a GC-rich genome of 293-294 nucleotides and contains the central conserved region characteristic of members of the genus Apscaviroid, and the terminal conserved region p...
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PMID: 17900648
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (153)5 2008
Abstract
We determined the complete genomic sequences. Two had 92.1-94.3% sequence identity with citrus viroid OS (CVd-OS) and 91.4-96.3% identity with apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd), respectively. Another one, tentatively named persimmon viroid (PVd), had 396 nucleotides and less than 70% sequence ident...
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PMID: 18365126
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)23 2007
Abstract
We have previously isolated the tomato protein Virp1 by its ability to specifically interact with PSTVd positive-strand RNA. Virp1 is a bromodomain-containing protein with an atypical RNA binding domain and a nuclear localization signal. Here we investigate the role of Virp1 in the viroid infection...
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PMID: 17898061
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Plant Cell Online (19)11 2007
Abstract
We have applied a combination of ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular approaches to dissect the pathogenic effects of PC-C40. Albino sectors of leaves infected with variant PC-C40 presented palisade cells that did not completely differentiate into a columnar layer and altered plastids with ir...
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PMID: 18055612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)21 2007
Abstract
We biolistically inoculated these weed plants with viroid populations either as RNA or as cDNA. New potential viroid host species, collected in central Europe, were discovered. From 12 weed species characteristic for potato fields, high viroid levels, detectable by molecular hybridization, were main...
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PMID: 17715233
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the in vivo cleavage of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) RNA into sRNAs of 21-22 nt, that are phosphorylated at their 5'-end and methylated at 3'. Our studies suggested that the CEVd genomic RNA might be the predominant in vivo substrate for cleavage by Dicer-like enzyme(s), which preferen...
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PMID: 17559901
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The study of viroids (plant pathogens constituted by small non-coding RNA) has greatly benefited from the use of site-directed mutagenesis tools. However, compared to viral systems, this technique is complicated by the fact that, usually, infectious cDNAs carry two copies of the viroid genome. A sim...
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PMID: 17604131
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virological Methods (144)1-2 2007
Abstract
We know, examples for established efficient markers for nucleoli are scarce. In this work, a viroid-RNA was made translatable by inserting an ATG at position 1 and fused to the GFP. The results showed that the resultant fusion can be used as an efficient "in vivo" nucleolar marker in "real time" cel...
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PMID: 17570537
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present evidence that processing of Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), a member of a related group of viroids that also replicate in the nucleus, may proceed via a distinct pathway. Chemical probing of PSTVd and CVd-III miniRNAs with DMS and CMCT revealed that the loop E motifs of these two viroids hav...
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PMID: 17438124
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1769)4 2007
Abstract
Citrus are natural hosts of several viroids, which are plant pathogens composed exclusively of a non-protein-coding, small single-stranded circular RNA that is able to replicate autonomously in susceptible hosts. They are responsible for symptoms such as stunting, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis. Citru...
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PMID: 17475349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)8 2007
Abstract
We report cleavage and ligation in transplastomic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expressing plus- and minus-strand dimeric transcripts of representative members of the family Avsunviroidae. Despite the absence of viroid RNA-RNA transcription, the C. reinhardtii-based system can be used to address intrigu...
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PMID: 17287276
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We provide the first covariation-based evidence for certain stems within the proposed secondary structure. Our covariation analysis also strengthens the view that a pseudoknot closes the replication domain. On the basis of phylogenetic tree studies and informative positions, PLMVd variants are propo...
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PMID: 17113618
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed the ability of RNA molecules with catalytic activity to perform a specific reaction in a mineral environment. For this purpose, we investigated the self-cleavage reaction of the hammerhead ribozyme of the Avocado Sun Blotch Viroid (ASBVd), both in the monomeric and in dimeric forms. The...
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PMID: 17125938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)6 2007
Abstract
We address this question by characterizing the production of small RNAs of Potato spindle tuber viroid (srPSTVds) and investigating how PSTVd responds to RNA silencing. Our molecular and biochemical studies provide evidence that srPSTVds were derived mostly from the secondary structure of viroid RNA...
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PMID: 17202210
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (81)4 2007
Abstract
We have obtained direct evidence for the in vivo existence of the loop E motif of Potato spindle tuber viroid. We present our findings and discuss their biological implications....
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PMID: 17135317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss current knowledge of these RNA motifs and cellular factors. An emerging theme is that the structural simplicity, functional versatility, and experimental tractability of viroid RNAs make viroid-host interactions an excellent model to investigate the basic principles of infection and furth...
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PMID: 17249418
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (388)1 2007
Abstract
We show that plant depression dominates over tolerance. Biolistic transfer of the most pathogenic PSTVd strain AS1 to Nicotiana benthamiana, which is considered to be a symptomless PSTVd host, led to a strong pathogenesis reaction and stunting, suggesting the presence of specific viroid pathogenesis...
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PMID: 17214544
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (152)7 2007
Abstract
We report that PSTVd (+) RNA also forms the loop E in vivo. These results provide strong support for the physiological relevance of this structural motif, which is involved in a wide range of functions including replication, host specificity and pathogenesis....
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PMID: 17370107
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (152)7 2007
Abstract
Two Citrus exocortis viroid isolates (CEVd-s and CEVd-129) that induce severe and mild symptoms in Gynura aurantiaca, respectively, have been characterized. They present nucleotide sequences in the pathogenicity motifs P(L), C and P(R) similar to those of "Class A" and "Class B". Infectivity and sym...
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PMID: 17393070
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Virus Genes (33)3 2006
Abstract
Infections with different viroid species are common among cultivated fruit trees and grapevines, and many old-clone citrus varieties contain up to five citrus viroids (CVds) within a single tree. This paper describes the construction of a CVd-Multiprobe consisting of full-length clones of Hop stunt...
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PMID: 16990999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used RNA thermodynamic secondary structure prediction algorithms to compare the mutational robustness of all viroid species. Here we used the same approach to explore the sign and strength of epistasis among pairs of random mutations. We found that antagonistic interactions were more abundant tha...
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PMID: 16901984
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The efficiency of RNA extraction for Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) from infected hosts is of great importance for molecular diagnosis by the po...
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PMID: 16879877
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (80)17 2006
Abstract
We investigated the role of the loop E (sarcin/ricin) motif of the PSTVd genomic RNA in replication. A tertiary-structural model of this motif, inferred by comparative sequence analysis and comparison with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystal structures of loop E motifs in other RNAs, is pre...
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PMID: 16912306
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (151)8 2006
Abstract
Analysis of the population of cherry small circular RNAs (cscRNAs) from trees affected by cherry chlorotic rusty spot (CCRS) showed two groups of variants with similar sequence but differing in size (394-415 and 372-377 nt for cscRNA1 and cscRNA2, respectively) because of the presence or absence of...
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PMID: 16514498
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to characterize viroids. Eight cDNA clones, which showed identical profiles in preliminary existing SSCP analysis but had different sequences, were chosen to develop a sensitive SSCP technique for identifying the variability of Peach latent mos...
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PMID: 16644025
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We use RNA thermodynamic secondary structure prediction algorithms to compare the mutational robustness of all viroid species. After characterizing the statistical properties of the distribution of mutational effects on structure stability and the wideness of neutral neighborhood for each viroid spe...
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PMID: 16679345
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Virology (151)7 2006
Abstract
Variants of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid have been identified in a plantation oil palm growing in Malaysia. Three size classes are described, comprising 297, 293, and 270 nt. Compared with the 296-nt form of coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd), all variants substituted C31 --> U in the pathogenicit...
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PMID: 16470341
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
EMBO Reports (7)6 2006
Abstract
Viroids are structurally, functionally and evolutionarily different from viruses. Despite their small, non-protein-encoding, single-stranded circular RNA genome, viroids can infect higher plants and cause certain diseases. Members of the two viroid families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, have evo...
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PMID: 16741503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virological Methods (134)1-2 2006
Abstract
Template preparation is important in reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based detection methods. A TissueLyser with tungsten carbide beads was used for simultaneous processing of up to 48 samples under the same conditions in the development of a simple and rapid procedure to pr...
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PMID: 16510197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used a nuclear extract from a non-infected cell culture of the host plant S. tuberosum. The (-)-strands, which were de novo-synthesized in the extract upon addition of circular (+)-PSTVd, were purified by affinity chromatography. This purification avoided contamination by host nucleic acids that...
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PMID: 16406459
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Citrus plants are natural hosts of five viroid species and a large number of sequence variants. Because of their small size, viroids lend themselves to various RT-PCR approaches for their detection and further characterization. The one-step RT-PCR approach proposed here is based on the synthesis of...
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PMID: 16464560
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virological Methods (132)1-2 2006
Abstract
Formats of a simple protocol for the preparation of nucleic acids for infectivity and RT-PCR detection of viroids from minute amounts of plant material are described. The method consists of preparing crude extracts in a NaOH-EDTA solution and then testing the supernatant. The NaOH-EDTA extract can b...
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PMID: 16297455
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have studied the accumulation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a metabolic derivative of salicylic acid, SA) in the plant-pathogen systems, Cucumis sativus and Gynura aurantiaca, infected with either prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) or the exocortis viroid (CEVd), respectively....
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PMID: 16331468
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Virologica (50)2 2006
Abstract
A multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) for detecting four potato viruses (Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)) and one potato viroid (Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)) was developed. The mRT-PCR consisted of one reaction with specific primers...
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PMID: 16808331
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Microbiology (6)1 2006
Abstract
ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : Viroids, satellite RNAs, satellites viruses and the human hepatitis delta virus form the 'brotherhood' of the smallest known infectious RNA agents, known as the subviral RNAs. For most of these species, it is generally accepted that characteristics such as cell movement, repl...
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PMID: 16519798
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytochemistry (67)2 2006
Abstract
Tomato plants infected with the citrus exocortis viroid exhibited strongly elevated levels of a compound identified as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid, GA) 5-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside. The compound accumulated early in leaves expressing mild symptoms from both citrus exocortis viroid-infected...
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PMID: 16321412
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of General Virology (87)Pt 1 2006
Abstract
Previous characterization of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) variants from a single peach calico (PC) isolate showed that PC symptoms are induced by variants with a 12-13 nt insertion at a specific position and folding into a hairpin with a U-rich loop. Here, this study was extended to two other...
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PMID: 16361436
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (34)19 2006
Abstract
I reported in natural hammerheads, with that of the ELVd (+) hammerhead being particularly stable (5/7 bp are G-C). Moreover, the trinucleotide preceding the self-cleavage site of this hammerhead is AUA, which together with GUA also found in some natural hammerheads, deviate from the GUC present in...
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PMID: 17028097
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detecting the chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) to screen for a viroid-free chrysanthemum plant at a small plant size was established and named microtissue direct RT-PCR. A...
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PMID: 16102850
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss these areas of progress, emphasizing on the unifying principles that control the trafficking of viroid, viral and endogenous RNAs....
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PMID: 16181802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.