Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents with and without crossbites.

World J Orthod 11(1):37-42 (2010) PMID 20209175

This study investigated the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in 1,134 orthodontically untreated children and adolescents (593 boys, 541 girls; age range 5 to 15 years) with and without crossbites. The sample with crossbites was further grouped according to the type (anterior, posterior, unilateral, or bilateral). The TMD symptoms bruxism (obvious active attrition/myalgia), joint sounds (clicking/crepitation), deviation during opening, reduced functional movements (maximum opening