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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an extreme technical makeover for an old technique.

Glenn M GM Preminger

Arch Ital Urol Androl 82(1):23-5 (2010) PMID 20593712

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) remains the treatment of choice for several forms of stone disease including: large stones, many cystine and struvite calculi, lower pole calyceal calculi, stones associated with anomalous renal anatomy, and stones in morbidly obese patients. Recent advances in the PNL technique appear to improve post-operative outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.

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