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Lower risk in parous women suggests that hormonal factors are important in bladder cancer etiology.

Carol A CA Davis-Dao, Katherine D KD Henderson, Jane J Sullivan-Halley, Huiyan H Ma, Dee D West, Yong-Bing YB Xiang, Manuela M Gago-Dominguez, Mariana C MC Stern, J Esteban JE Castelao, David V DV Conti, Malcolm C MC Pike, Leslie L Bernstein, and Victoria K VK Cortessis

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20(6):1156-70 (2011) PMID 21493870 PMCID PMC3312020

Urinary bladder cancer is two to four times more common among men than among women, a difference in risk not fully explained by established risk factors. Our objective was to determine whether hormonal and reproductive factors are involved in female bladder cancer.

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0017
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