From the publication of the first AIDS issue onwards, major advances have been made in the field of innate immunity during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Innate immunity can be defined as the first and unspecific lines of defense constitutively present and ready to be...

We aimed to examine the involvement of NK cell in the onset of IRIS in HIV-infected patients with TB and to identify predictive markers of IRIS. 128 HIV-infected patients with TB from the CAMELIA trial were enrolled in Cambodia. Thirty-seven of the 128 patients developed IRIS. At inclusion, patients...

We investigated whether modifications of the NK receptor repertoire occur during the first trimester of pregnancy. We found significantly decreased expression of KIR2DL1/S1 and KIR2DL2/L3/S2 receptors, NKp30 and NKp44 activatory receptors, and the CD85j (ILT-2) inhibitory receptor. We also observed...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces HIV viral burden and prolongs life, but does not cure HIV infection. The major scientific barrier to a cure is thought to be the persistence of the virus in cellular and/or anatomical reservoirs. DISCUSSION: Most effo...

: No relationship was found between T-cell activation and frequencies of nTregs. In contrast, a strong negative relationship was found at baseline between the proportion of DN T cells and the proportion of activated CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38 and HLA-DR (p = 0.005) or expressing Ki-67 (p =...

We examined intrinsic HIC cell resistance to HIV-1 infection. After in vitro challenge, monocyte-derived macrophages and anti-CD3-activated CD4(+) T cells from HICs showed low HIV-1 susceptibility. CD4 T-cell resistance was independent of HIV-1 coreceptors and affected also SIVmac infection. CD4(+)...

We found that decidual mononuclear cells naturally produce low levels of IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma and CXCL-12 (SDF-1), and large amounts of CCL-2 (MCP1), CCL-3 (MIP-1 alpha), CCL-4 (MIP-1 beta), CCL-5 (Rantes), CXCL-10 (IP-10), IL-6 and IL-8. CCL-3 and CCL-4 levels were s...

HIV infection can persist in spite of efficacious antiretroviral therapies. Although incomplete inhibition of viral replication may contribute to this phenomenon, this is largely due to the early establishment of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. Thus, life-long antiviral therapy may be...

We have developed an assay that assesses the capacity ex vivo of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells to suppress HIV-1 infection of autologous CD4(+) T cells. This assay directly reflects the ultimate effector function of CD8(+) T cells, the elimination of infected cells, and accurately differentiates the e...

We sought to understand the molecular basis of this AGM phenotype. To this end, we longitudinally assessed the gene expression profiles of blood- and lymph node-derived CD4+ cells from AGMs and RMs in response to SIVagm and SIVmac infection, respectively, using a genomic microarray platform. The mol...

We have previously shown that aggregation of activating IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaR) by immune complexes inhibits reverse transcript accumulation and integration of HIV-1 and related lentiviruses in monocyte-derived macrophages. Here, we show that FcgammaR-mediated restriction of HIV-1 is not due to...

During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is relatively rare despite the permissivity of placental cells to cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. The placenta interacts directly with maternal uterine cells (decidual cells) but the physiological role of the d...

We have recently shown that CD8(+) T cells from HICs strongly suppress ex vivo HIV-1 infection of autologous CD4(+) T cells, suggesting a crucial role of this response in vivo. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the CD8(+) T cell antiviral activity might help to develop effective T cell-based va...

We studied CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses against Gag p27 and other SIVagm antigens in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of acutely and chronically infected AGMs. Our data show that AGMs can mount a T-cell response against Gag p27, indicating that the absence of anti-p27 antibodies is not due...