Recent years have seen a significant increase in understanding of the host genetic and genomic determinants of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression, driven in large part by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, genome-wide transcriptome analyse...

A 2-compartment model with first order absorption adequately described the data. Atazanavir, gender and bilirubin levels influenced RAL relative bioavailability, which was 30 % lower in HIV+ compared to healthy individuals. UGT1A9*3 was the only genetic variant possibly influencing RAL pharmacokinet...

We show that SAMHD1 experienced strong positive selection episodes during primate evolution that occurred in the Catarrhini ancestral branch prior to the separation between hominoids (gibbons and great apes) and Old World monkeys. The identification of SAMHD1 residues under positive selection led t...

Recent research explores the participation of several TRIM family members in regulating the innate immune response. A large number of TRIM genes are upregulated upon treatment by interferon and are directly involved in signaling (TRIM5, 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32 and 38). Notably, TRIM5...

We used biopsies of EBV-associated cancers and blood of individuals included in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) to analyze LMP1 genetic diversity and impact of sequence variations on LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation potential. We found that a number of variants mediate higher NF-κB activation leve...

The investigated genetic variants did not play a significant role in the sustained viral suppression of individuals with suboptimal adherence. Risk of failure decreased with longer duration of viral suppression in this population....

We studied host genetic, virological and immunological factors associated with viral control in a SI long term non progressor elite controller (LTNP-EC). The individual contained both viruses and maintained undetectable viral loads for >20 years and he did not express any of the described host genet...

We characterized the prevalence of anemia in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) and used a candidate gene approach to identify proinflammatory gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with anemia in HIV disease. The study comprised 1597 HIV(+) and 865 HIV(-) VACS subjects with DNA,...

Joint analysis of existing host genetic and HIV sequencing data has been limited so far to HLA alleles and viral mutations. We performed a genome-wide survey of associations between human single nucletide polymorphisms (SNP) and HIV genetic variation across the whole viral genome.

Objectives To compare the use of co-medication, the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) and the effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) tolerability and efficacy in HIV-infected individuals according to age, ≥50 years or <50 years. Methods All ART-treated participants were pros...

Our aim was to determine the extent of raltegravir cellular penetration and whether raltegravir total plasma concentration (C(tot)) predicts cellular concentration (C(cell)). Methods Open-label, prospective, pharmacokinetic study on HIV-infected patients on a stable raltegravir-containing regimen. P...

We observed very active transcription of these elements, with one transcript in 237 being of such origin, corresponding in average to 123,123 reads in mock (0.40%) and 129,149 reads in HIV-1 (0.45%) mapping to the genomic Repbase repository. This analysis highlights key details in the generation and...

We identified IL28B haplotypes highly predictive of spontaneous HCV clearance. The high linkage disequilibrium between IL28B SNPs indicates that association studies need to be complemented by functional experiments to identify single causal variant(s). The point estimate for the genetic effect was h...

Discussion on improving the power of genome-wide association studies to identify candidate variants and genes is generally centered on issues of maximizing sample size; less attention is given to the role of phenotype definition and ascertainment. The authors used genome-wide data fr...

We proposed that the -35 SNP is not the causal variant for differential HLA-C expression, but rather is marking another polymorphism that directly affects levels of HLA-C. Here we show that variation within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HLA-C regulates binding of the microRNA hsa-miR-148 to it...

We describe a new large virus discovered in Acanthamoeba castellanii co-culture of an environmental sample. The virus, referred to as Lausannevirus, has a very limited host range, infecting Acanthamoeba spp. but being unable to infect other amoebae and mammalian cell lines tested. Within A. castella...

We characterized the activity of TRIM5α from two distant lemurs against exogenous retroviruses and a chimeric PSIV virus. TRIM5α from gray mouse lemur, which carries PSIV in its genome, exhibited the narrowest restriction activity. One allelic variant of gray mouse lemur TRIM5α only restricted N-...

We used a whole-genome transcriptional profiling approach to characterize gene expression signatures of CD4 T cells from an unselected cohort of elite controllers. In the majority of elite controllers, transcriptional profiles were similar to ART-treated patients, while being different from HIV-1 ne...

We modeled the structure of A3A based on its homology with the C-terminal domain of A3G, and further compared the sequences of human A3A with that of 11 non-human primate orthologues. We then used these data to perform a mutational analysis of A3A, examining its ability to restrict LINE-1, AAV-2 and...